• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2008

When individuals collaborated in virtual settings, communication is medicated through a variety of communication technologies, and is associated not only with communication effectiveness but also with socio-emotional interactions among group members. In this regards, scholars have examined how technology-mediated communication systems can be designed and used to facilitated communication interaction. However, the empirical results of the previous studies have revealed inconsistencies in the effects of communication media on users' behavioral or attitudinal responses, and on their viable effectiveness in organizations. Some studies claim that computer-mediated communication(CMC) is task-oriented but not suitable for emotional expression since it hinders close interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, some studies argue that individuals are able to develop interpersonal relationships more effectively in a CMC environment than in an FtF-environment. Due to the different perspectives, a theoretical gap exists, and it leads to the inconsistent research findings. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two different perspectives into single unified model, thereby providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding about virtual collaboration. The present study here sought to answers the following questions with organizational communication perspective: What are the major components of virtual collaboration? What factors affect the performance of virtual collaboration? And what kind of managerial efforts should organization make in order to facilitate CMC media effectiveness in virtual collaboration? Although there is a certain belief that new media, namely technology-mediated communication support would create new opportunities, the problem of "how" or "why" has been an important question that is still not fully addressed. In this regards, we collectively reexamined previous literatures with major issues which are still controversial and integrated various theoretical activity within computer-mediated communication domain: task-oriented approach, socio-emotional approach, and evolutionary psychological approach. Our first contribution is to develop a framework for virtual collaboration by combining two different perspectives into a single unified model, providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding. The second main contribution is the joint modeling of both social presence and cognitive effort, and the effects on two distinct but important communication outcomes(i.e., take performance and relational development). We tested the research hypotheses which were developed based on the various CMC theories using data gathered through a self-administered mail survey of 127 individuals of 69 virtual workgroups. The proposed model was supported, providing preliminary evidence that the tension between two opposite view should be integrated. The results show that the individual's psychological processes(social presence and cognitive effort) in a virtual environment significantly mediated the effect of CMC inputs (media richness, user adaptation, and shared contest) on the CMC outputs (task performance and relational development). Furthermore, this study shows that the lack of perceived media richness of CMC media can be complemented by user adaptation and shared context. Based on the results, we discuss how communication system should be designed and implemented so as to promote virtual interaction as well as how a virtual workgroup should be composed to complement the lack of media richness. A virtual collaboration using CMC media may create new value by overcoming the logistical constraints. On the other hand, it may also generate various managerial risks such as communicational depersonalization, process dissatisfaction, and low cohesion. Therefore, this study suggests that organization managers should carefully choose the CMC mediums and monitor individual member's cognitive and affective psychological processes during virtual collaboration to reduce potential risks in virtual collaboration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.243-255
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• 2012

This study is intended to find out the effect and differences of individual characteristic of the death attitude on death anxiety. The college students who study in the area of Chonan, Yongin, and Asan and the adults who live in the area of Chonan and Asan enrolled for this study. We analyzed the survey data from 325 responses finally. The results are summarized in three ways: First, adults are more positive than college students, religious people are more positive than nonreligious people, female are more positive than male, and married people are more positive than unmarried people in the death attitude. Second, college students are more positive than adults, nonreligious people are more positive than religious people, female are more positive than male, and unmarried people are more positive than married people in the death anxiety. Third, there is a correlation between the death anxiety and the death attitude. The fear on death has negative correlation on all subvariables of the death anxiety. Avoidance on death has positive correlation on the physical change anxiety, and openness on death has positive correlation on the cognitive and affective anxiety. Finally, It showed that the death attitude are affected by the death anxiety. The death anxiety was not much, if the fear on death are more little, the death anxiety was much, if the avoidance on death are much.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

Priming refers to the incidental activation of knowledge structures, such as trait concepts and stereotypes, by the current situational context. Many studies have shown that the recent use of a trait construct or stereotype, even in an earlier or unrelated situation, carries over for a time to exert an unintended, passive influence on the interpretation of behavior. Recent researches have shown that attitudes and other affective reaction can be triggered automatically by the mere presence of relevant objects and events. So assuming that behavioral responses to fragrance are also represented mentally, they should also be capable of becoming automatically activated, by the same principles that govern the development of automaticity of other representations. On the basis of this theory, this study examined the effect of fragrance on the quality of cosmetic products.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.333-344
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• 2005

The sensitivity adjectives on wall paper are collected. With the collected sensitivity adjective, we are going to develop the model which can recommend the wallpaper to customer. A large number of adjectives describing affective responses were collected from such diverse sources as questionnaire survey results, field survey results and internet survey result. To search the representative adjective of collected adjective, we used the diverse statistical analysis method. We attempted to decide the axis name of dimension through the MDS(Multi-Dimensional Scale) analysis method using the similarity matrix an4 to find a three or four reduced factors through the factor analysis method using the varimax rotation method. The result of the analysis showed that the reduced factors could account about $82\%$ when the number of factor is three(popular, elegance, and passable) ant about $93\%$ when the number of factor is four (elegance, passable, beautiful, and affectionate) On the basis of this result, we expect it can be used to develop the model recommending the wallpaper.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between moral sensitivity for topics related to science and preference for science, and belief about learning science. 129 middle school students were involved in this study and completed questionnaires to measure moral sensitivity for topics related to science, preference for science, and belief about learning science. Students' responses were analysed to show the distribution of variables and the correlation between variables by gender and grade. As a result, moral sensitivity was not affected by respondents' grades and genders, but was affected by different topics. Preference for science was not affected by respondents' grades and genders, while belief about learning science was not affected by respondents' genders but affected by lower grade. There were correlations between students' moral sensitivity and preference in case of female students and higher grades, as well as relationship between moral sensitivity and belief about learning science. This result infers that students who have higher moral sensitivity can prefer science and show more positive belief about learning science. Also, it can implicate that affective domain including interest or belief can play an important role in the context of science education focusing on moral aspect or ethics, and that teachers should be aware of personal differences in case of teaching moral aspect of science.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.175-190
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• 2022

Abusive supervision occurs in a social context in which third-party observers react and interact with the abused victims and supervisors. Despite the importance of third-party observers' behavior in abusive supervision, research on abusive supervision has mainly focused on the dyadic relationship between direct victims and supervisors. Although in recent years research on third parties' reactions to peer abusive supervision has attracted growing attention, there are still insufficient studies examining the topic especially within domestic research in Korea. As such, this study comprehensively reviews empirical studies on third parties' reactions to peer abusive supervision and aims to broaden the scope of research in the field. Firstly, the results of previous studies show that the effects of observed peer abusive supervision are mediated by cognitive and affective processes. Secondly, previous studies are found to investigate the boundary conditions where the effects of observed peer abusive supervision can be amplified or mitigated with regard to various outcomes. Overall, compared to research on direct victims, research on third-party observers of abusive supervision is found to capture a wider spectrum of responses. In order to explain the mechanisms of this phenomena, this study thoroughly examines theoretical assumptions presented in previous studies and categorizes them into five theory types. Finally, this study identifies a couple of central methodological issues, including common method bias and inadequate model specification in the literature and suggests future research directions.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.77-101
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• 2023

Due to COVID-19, paid virtual live-stream concerts have emerged as an alternative format and a new revenue model for in-person live concerts. Despite the increasing scholarly and practical interest in how participants experience paid virtual live-stream concerts, few studies examined participants' consumption and participation experiences. Thus, this study aims to provide insights into consumers' virtual live-stream concert experience by employing social representations theory (SRT). We explore the features of paid virtual live-stream concerts based on the C-P-N-D (Content-Platform-Network-Device) framework and the consumers' cognitive and affective perception. To this end, an SRT-based core-periphery analysis was conducted based on 239 responses to the open-ended survey questions. The results show that network-and device-level features of virtual live concerts and participants' overall perception are presented as core elements of paid virtual live-stream concerts, whereas content- and platform-level features are peripheral elements. This finding provides an in-depth understanding of the emergence of paid virtual live-stream concerts as an alternative concert format, thereby providing an invaluable understanding of a virtual live concert experience and theoretical and practical insights.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

This study is aimed to inspect how the different sensitivities in Behavioral activation system(BAS) and behavioral inhibition system(BIS) modulate on the properties of physiological responses stimulated by positive or negative affective sound. We measured the electroencephalogram(EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) of 32 students, consisted of four groups depending on the BAS and BIS sensitivities, during listening to meditation music or noise. The EEG was recorded at Fpl and Fp2 sites and Power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency and high frequency[HF]). After listening to music or noise, subjects reported the affect induced by the sound. For EEG, the power in the alpha band at Fp2, especially in the alpha-2 band(9.0-11.0 Hz) increased during the subjects listening to music, while the power at Fpl increased during noise. During listening to meditation music, there is a tendency that the left-sided activation in prefrontal cortex(PFC) is positively correlated with the difference of BAS(Z)-BIS(Z). During listening to noise, there is a tendency that the right-sided activation in PFC is dominant in case any of the sensitivity of BAS or BIS is high. For HRV, we found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening to music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity both BIS and BAS individuals. With high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that the physiological responses of different individuals in BAS and BIS react differently under the same emotionally provocative challenge.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.334-350
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• 2017

The purposes of this study are to develop scientific-inquiry based on STEAM education program and to investigate the effects of the program on middle-school students' interests, self-efficacy, and career choice about science, technology/engineering, and mathematics. In order to develop this program, the literature investigation and previous studies were conducted, so that finally the developmental direction was based on scientific inquiry and the developmental theme and model were selected. A total 92 first-graders in G middle-school of Daegu city were participated in this study. A single group pre-post test paired t-test was conducted to figure out changes of students' interest, self-efficacy, and career choices before or after applying this program. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 students to find their specific responses. The results of this study were as follows. First, STEAM education program on the theme of 'RC Airplane' was developed on the basis of the 'ADBA' model. Second, the developed STEAM educational program not only results a decisive difference statistically but also has significant effects on middle-school students' interests, self-efficacy, and career choice in science, technology/engineering, and mathematics, who are involved in the free-semester program, across the overall affective domain. In conclusion, the STEAM educational program in this study could affect significant meanings to middle-school students during the free-semester. It could contribute to facilitate middle-school students' education for happiness and to grow the creative STEAM talents.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2010

Considering the benefits for both consumers and suppliers, firms are taking advantage of the Internet as a medium to communicate with and sell products to their consumers. This trend makes the online shopping environment a growing field for both researchers and practitioners. This paper contributes by testing a model of online consumer behavior with websites varying in levels of hedonism. Unlike past studies, we included all three types of emotions (arousal, pleasure, and dominance) and flow into the model. In this study, we assumed that website interfaces, such as background colors, music, and fonts impact the three types of emotions at the initial exposure to the site (Mazaheri, Richard, and Laroche, 2011). In turn, these emotions influence flow and consumers' perceptions of the site atmospherics-perception of site informativeness, effectiveness, and entertainment. This assumption is consistent with Zajonc (1980) who argued that affective reactions are independent of perceptual and cognitive operations and can influence responses. We, then, propose that the perceptions of site atmospherics along with flow, influence customers' attitudes toward the website and toward the product, site involvement, and purchase intentions. In addition, we studied the moderating impact of the level of hedonism of websites on all the relationship in the model. Thus, the path coefficients were compared between "high" and "low" hedonic websites. We used 39 real websites from 12 product categories (8 services and 4 physical goods) to test the model. Among them, 20 were perceived as high hedonic and 19 as low hedonic by the respondents. The result of EQS 6.1 support the overall model: $\chi^2$=1787 (df=504), CFI=.994; RMSEA=.031. All the hypotheses were significant. In addition, the results of multi-groups analyses reveal several non-invariant structural paths between high and low hedonic website groups. The findings supported the model regarding the influence of the three types of emotions on customers' perceptions of site atmospherics, flow, and other customer behavior variables. It was found that pleasure strongly influenced site attitudes and perceptions of site entertainment. Arousal positively impacted the other two types of emotions, perceptions of site informativeness, and site involvement. Additionally, the influence of arousal on flow was found to be highly significant. The results suggested a strong association between dominance and customers' perceptions of site effectiveness. Dominance was also found to be associated with site attitudes and flow. Moreover, the findings suggested that site involvement and attitudes toward the product are the most important antecedents of purchase intentions. Site informativeness and flow also significantly influenced purchase intentions. The results of multi-group analysis supported the moderating impacts of hedonism of the websites. Compared to low (high) hedonic sites, the impacts of utilitarian (hedonic) attributes on other variables were stronger in high (low) hedonic websites. Among the three types of emotions, dominance (controlling feelings) effects were stronger in high hedonic sites and pleasure effects were stronger in low hedonic sites. Moreover, the impact of site informativeness was stronger for high hedonic websites compared to their low-hedonic counterparts. On the other hand, the influence of effectiveness of information on perceptions of site informativeness and the impact of site involvement on product attitudes were stronger for low hedonic websites than for high hedonic ones.