• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2017

As the citizens' life and body are the object of medical practice, it should ultimately protect the citizens' right of health. For this reason, medical practice possesses characteristics of non-profit and public and such special characteristics caused heavy regulations in the medical industry as exemplified by medical advertisements. For advancement of market economy, the government has been moving toward relaxing regulations in the medical industry and this trend can be shown in medical advertisements. Moreover, as a type of commercial advertisements, medical practitioners should be able to express their freedom of expression and freedom to occupation. From the perspective of patients who are medical consumers, they need access to information to locate appropriate medical practitioners and institutions for their symptoms. Therefore, medical advertisements can help realize the patients' right to know. This study will first analyze the general theories behind the necessity of medical advertisements and details of regulations, then analyze the issues from the cases of the supreme court and the constitutional court that are related to dental medical advertisements.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2016

This study initiates from the question of whether current advertising regulations are appropriate to be applied to the market. It confirms the relationship between misleading online advertisements of weight-loss food and consumer damages. This study argues that it is necessary to enforce monitoring and regulating (strengthening monitoring) for situations where misleading advertisements are exposed in the market with subsequent consumer damages. However, deregulation is needed for advertisements exposed in the name of misleading advertisements but with no consumer damages. In conclusion, the regulations of current weight loss foods are properly established $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ the market situation. However, misleading advertisements are prevalent for all regulated types: Type I (product quality and effect), Type II (endorsement and warranty), Type III (ways to use and safety), Type IV (comparison and superiority), and Type V (company information). Promotion targeting businesses, market monitoring and control are necessary to ensure that advertising regulations (which have existed only as an institution) can be appropriately applied. It is also confirmed that 'comparison advertising' (applicable to Type IV where consumer damages were not shown compared to other regulations) does not have an actual effect as a consumer protection regulation that should be considered in regulation revisions. Consumers also did not recognize Type III and V in the purchasing stage while consumer damages were demonstrated; consequently, this implies that consumers need to check and become attentive to these types.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.58-68
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• 2019

Recently SNS product reviews are excessively increasing. However, many SNS reviews are under feeble regulation than how big and powerful that their awarenesses are. This problem leads to consumers' discontentment on product reviews on online. This study aims to analyze how SNS product reviews characteristics: informativeness, entertainment, reliability and familiarity attribute on consumers' purchase intent and brand attitude. However, at this time, consumers' high discontents (stored-knowledge) expect to have negative affect on product reviews thus I put this as a regulation effect. This study is consisted of 240 examinee who check SNS product reviews before buying products.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 1999

This study was done to examine consciousness and preventive strategies of adolescent drug abuse. This study design was descriptive survey. The data were collected from 1,830 students from 32 middle and high schools from November 11 to December 20, 1997, using qestionnaires. The data were analyzed using SAS computer programs. The study results are as follows ; Most of adolescent get the information on narcotics and drug abuse from TV, newspaper, magazine and advertisement. Some of them(48.8%) have received education on drug prevention. However, respondants (49.3%) answered unsatisfactory on preventive education. 69.2% of respondants do not know the legal regulation on alcohol and cigarette. The survey on the degree of cognition on drug abuse shows the serious results : cigarette(79.1%), alcohol(74.1%), bonds(55.1%), gas(49.8%), excitants(48.5%), narcotics(29%), marihwana(27.8%) and, diuretics (21.9%). The situation of adolescent drug abuse is also serious in the order of alcohol 38. 2%, cigarette 14.3%, marihwana 9.4%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.123-135
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• 2012

As contents go digital and networks go broadband, there are a lot of changes made to Ad market caused by multimedia and multichannel environment. While platforms as the contents distribution window are increasing, the reality is that additional Ad revenue through platforms is concentrated on mammoth exclusive media because there are small number of the media that has control over platforms is able to create production and provide capital. In addition, as Media rep laws is passed at the Assembly plenary session, tipping effect in Ad market concentrated to some media. In this reality, pay TV market is expected to be within its direct orbit as it is predicted to produce new contents and distribution growth thanks to a wide variety of genres and experimental challenge. Thus, this study is to propose the methodology and an alternative for pay Ad market expansion. As the result of this research, an improvement scheme of indirect advertisement, virtual advertisement, and prohibited advertising item is suggested, and methodology for advertising market expansion is suggested through enterprise and government.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.9B
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• pp.581-590
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• 2005

The IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group develops standards to support the development and deployment of Resilient Packet Ring networks in Local, Metropolitan, and Wide Area Networks for resilient and efficient transfer of data Packets at rates scalable to many gigabits Per second. It was known that the fairness algorithm of the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring suffers from throughput degradation under an unbalanced overload. This Paper proposes a congestion release advertisement method to improve this throughput degradation and discusses its performance. Under the proposed method, a congested node decides whether its congestion is released or not. If released, it advertises the congestion release to upstream nodes, and then upstream nodes transmit their traffic without uy regulation. The proposed method is compatible with the legacy fairness algorithm.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.48-67
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• 2007

The economic burden which our society has to take exceeds the benefit that it becomes by the free circulation of information. Problems such as inconvenience or inequality between people can also occur since the regulation task of spam e-mail or SMS is imposed on two organs; the Department of Information and Communication and Free Trade Commission. The dualization of regulation separates related laws, which makes exception according to the $\ulcorner$Law on Information Communication Usage and Information Protection$\lrcorner$ or poses double regulation toward the same case. The spam prevention activity at free hands of information communication network provider such as portal site or mobile communication has many limitations along with comparison and analysis of spam regulations abroad. Therefore, examinations on legal obligation such as service restriction, identification and technical measure to spam prevention is needed. This study focuses on making the scope of spam regulation clear by considering the domestic related laws and the general environment of industry, on enacting law which regulates spam including advertisement and on deducting essential facts in enacting or modifying related laws and thus, deducting the form and contents of spam regulation law which is most decent in our domestic environment.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-219
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• 2016

A commercial advertisement is not only a way of competition but also a medium of communication. Thus, it is under the constitutional protection of the freedom of business (article 15 of the Constitution) as well as the freedom of press [article 21 (1) of the Constitution]. In terms of the freedom of business or competition, it should be noted that an unfair advertising (false or misleading advertisement) can be regulated as an unfair competition, while any restraint on advertising other than unfair one might be doubted as an unjustifiable restraint of trade. In terms of the freedom of press or communication, it is important that article 21 (2) of the Constitution forbids any kind of (prior) censorship, and the Constitutional Court applies this restriction even to commercial advertising. In this article, the applicability of these schemes to advertising of the so-called learned professions, especially physician, are to be examined, and some proposals for the reformation of the current regulatory regime are to be made. Main arguments of this article can be summarized as follows: First, the current regime which requires advance review of physician advertising as prescribed in article 56 (2) no. 9 of Medical Act should be reformed. It does not mean that the current interpretation of article 21 of the Constitution is agreeable. Though a commercial advertising is a way of communication and can be protected by article 21 (1) of the Constitution, it should not be under the prohibition of censorship prescribed by article 21 (2) of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court adopts the opposite view, however. It is doubtful that physician advertising needs some prior restraint, also. Of course, there exists severe informational asymmetry between physicians and patients and medical treatment might harm the life and health of patients irrevocably, so that medical treatment can be discerned from other services. It is civil and criminal liability for medical malpractice and duty to inform and not regulation on physician advertising, to address these differences or problems. Advance review should be abandoned and repelled, or substituted by more unproblematic way of regulation such as an accreditation of reviewed advertising or a self-regulation preformed by physician association independently from the Ministry of Health and Welfare or any other governmental agencies. Second, the substantive criteria for unfair physician advertising also should correspond that of unfair advertising in general. Some might argue that a learned profession, especially medical practice, is totally different from other businesses. It is performed under the professional ethics and should not persue commercial interest; medical practice in Korea is governed by the National Health Insurance system, the stability of which might be endangered when commercial competition in medical practice be allowed. Medical Act as well as the condition of medical practice market do not exclude competition between physicians. The fact is quite the opposite. Physicians are competing even though under the professional ethics and obligations and all the restrictions provided by the National Health Insurance system. In this situation, regulation on physician advertising might constitute unjustifiable restraint of competition, especially a kind of entry barrier for 'new physicians.'

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.199-210
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• 2019

Virtual Advertising, which was introduced exclusively in sports casting programs in 2010, has enlarged its scope to terrestrial TV networks' sports news, entertainment shows, and dramas by 2015. Such advertising deregulation allows broadcasting business operators to insert more various virtual advertising methods into TV programs. Despite recent evaluation that virtual advertising was deregulated to a large degree, it is still inadequate compared to foreign state of affairs and has a lot of room for growth. Therefore, this research explores a literature review of virtual advertising in other countries and considers possible ways for virtual advertising in Korea to move forward. Additionally, through in-depth interview with seven virtual advertising experts, the research unravels positive and negative impacts of virtual advertising as well as its current state of affairs and struggles. This research also analyses the regulation of virtual advertising and finally explores possible revitalization strategies. The results of the research show that it is necessary to first improve the viewers' favorable concerning virtual advertising in order to revitalize virtual advertising. Revitalization will also require a clarification of regulation as well as a more unified and consistent content review and rating system. Furthermore, it is imperative that data of advertising impact will be accessible to advertisers and that advertising regulation will loosen. Revitalization will also require a clarification of regulation as well as a more unified and consistent content review and rating system. Furthermore, it is imperative that data of advertising impact will be accessible to advertisers and that advertising regulation will loosen. It is necessary to further develop new techniques and creators of virtual advertising. The research suggests strategies and alternative paths for the growth and revitalization of the virtual advertising market in light of recently revised law.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 1990

This study focuses on consumers' advertising discriminatory competencies and the influencing facors. So the objects of this study are as follows : 1) to identify the overall level of advertising discriminatory competencies. 2) to examine if consumer attitude variables have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competenceis. 3) to examine if the frequencies of contacting advertising variable have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 4) to examine if socio-economics variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 5) to find out the independent influence of variables related to the ads. discriminatory competencies. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaires and advertisement papers. The data used in this study included 194 Homemakers living in Seoul. The ads. used in this study included ads. of diary products like foods, drinks, medicine, cosmetic, detergent in TV, radio, newspaper and magagine. Statistics were Frequency Distribution, Mean, percentile, ANOVA, Scheff -test, Pearsons' Correlation, Multiple Regrassion Analysis. Major findings were as follows : First, in 26 items(70%) of 37 items measured consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies, the rate of right answer was below 50%, so over the half of consumers were misleaded by the deceptive ads. Second, consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies differed significantly according to consumer attitude variables but no according to the frequency of contacting advertising. Third, according to socio-demographic variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-advertising discriminatory competencies differed significantly. In group of lower age, higher educational level, higher income and professional occupation status, the level of ads. discriminatory competencies were high. Forth, the most influencing variabel on ads. disciriminatory competencies were eudcational level and in turn general attitude toward ads., attitude toward consumerism. This three variables explain 22.9% of dependent variable's variance. From these findings, the following suggestions are made, First, the consumer education offering informations and learing practical ads. discriminatory competencies should be conducted for all consumers wheather they are educated or not. Also the education to improve the consumer attitude must be. Second, considering misleading level, the business must make the regulatory standards and reinforce the regulation voluntarily, and by enforcing the regulation of ads. and deciding more diverse, objective and exact standards, the government should keep the consumer's right to know.