• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

본 연구는 배암차즈기 에탄올 추출물(SPE)을 유효성분으로 함유하는 지방 생성 및 축적 저해 효능을 조사하였다. 배암 차즈기 에탄올 추출물은 마우스 배아 섬유아세포(mouse embryo fibroblast) 유래 지방세포인 3T3-L1에서 지방세포 분화를 억제하는 효능을 보유하고 있었으며, 지방세포 내 중성지방의 농도를 감소시키는 효능을 보유하고 있었다. 또한, $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP-1c, pACC, pAMPK, CPT-1, 지방산 합성효소(FAS, fatty acid synthase) 발현 억제, 호르몬자극지방분해효소(HSL, hormone sensitivity lipase) 활성화 등 지방합성 관련인자들의 발현을 조절하는 효능을 보유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 SPE가 지방세포 분화 및 지방대사에 관련된 인자들의 발현을 조절함으로써 지방 생성 및 지방 축적을 저해하는 효능을 보유하기 때문에 배암차즈기를 활용한 비만 개선을 위한 소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 괭생이모자반 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 효과에 대해 알아보고자 3T3-L1 preadipocyte에서 Oil Red O staining과 triglyceride content, adipogenesis의 발현에 대해 조사하였다. MTT assay를 통해 괭생이모자반 에탄올 추출물의 세포 독성을 확인 해 본 결과 $200{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 90% 이상의 세포 생존율을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 insulin, dexamethasone과 IBMX 복합물을 처리하여 분화를 유도하였을 때는 분화유도제를 처리하지 않은 군에 비해 활발하게 지방구를 형성하였으나, 괭생이모자반 에탄올 추출물을 250, 500, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 처리하였을 때는 농도 의존적으로 지방구 형성을 억제하였다. 이를 정량하여 triglyceride content (%)로 나타낸 결과 농도별로 13%, 16%, 23% 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 Western blot assay를 통해 adipogenic transcription factor의 발현양상을 비교해 본 결과, 분화유도제 처리에 의해 $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$와 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 발현이 증가하였으나, 괭생이모자반 에탄올 추출물을 처리하였을 때는 이러한 전사인자들의 발현이 농도 의존적으로 감소됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 괭생이모자반 에탄올 추출물은 adipogenic transcription factor의 발현을 조절하여 지방세포의 분화를 억제하였으며, 지방구와 triglyceride 생성을 감소시켜 최종적으로 비만억제 효과를 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.934-953
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• 2021

Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione family, and specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC). Muscle-derived BSCs were isolated from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in differentiation medium containing 5 µM ciglitazone (CL), 10 µM ciglitazone (CM), or 20 µM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in a differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 (Pax7) proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased the relative expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone treatments increased gene expression of Pax3 and Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5, and myogenin-4 (p < 0.01). Adiponectin concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than CON (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. These results indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist, effectively increases the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene expression, and stimulates the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2012

The antiobesity effect of the mixture of black garlic and Garsinia cambogia extracts (BGG) was investigated by measuring the Oil red O staining and the expressions of adipogenic genes during preadipocyte differentiation by real-time PCR in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BGG reduced contents of Oil red O dye in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. mRNA expression levels of SREBP1c, C/EBPa, aP2/FABP4, and $PPAR{\gamma}$ which are adipogenic transcription factor, in cells treated with BGG were also significantly down regulated. Also, the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in L6 cells was more increased by BGG. These results indicate that BGG seems to be more attractive compound for application of industry than individual extracts such as black garlic and Garsinia cambogia, considering it has two effects not only inhibit the preadipocyte differentiation but also activate the phosphorylation of AMPK unlike other two compound.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

In this study, the potential capacity of the crude extract and its solvent fractions from S. siliquanstrum against adipocyte differentiation were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The anti-adipogenic effect of S. siliquanstrum was evidenced by the fact that its crude extract decreases the lipid accumulation of differentiating cells and the expression levels of crucial adipogenesis markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\gamma}$ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein $(C/EBP){\alpha}$. All solvent fractions except the water fraction showed an observable decrease in lipid accumulation and $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ expressions. In conclusion, these results suggest that S. siliquanstrum possesses obesity inhibiting components, which may possibly be used as a valuable anti-obesity agent for reducing the risk of obesity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1029-1033
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• 2012

A number of evidence have been accumulated that the regulation of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation, which can be regulated by the combinatorial activity of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), plays crucial roles in various biological processes including differentiation. There are a total of 107 PTP genes in the human genome, collectively referred to as the "PTPome." In this study, we performed PTP profiling analysis of the HIB-1B cell line, a brown preadipocyte cell line, during brown adipogenesis. Through RT-PCR and real-time PCR, several PTPs showing differential expression pattern during brown adipogenesis were identified. In the case of PTP-RE, it was shown to decrease significantly until 4 days after brown adipogenic differentiation, followed by a dramatic increase at 6 days. The overexpression of PTP-RE led to decreased brown adipogenic differentiation via reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, indicating that PTP-RE functions as a negative regulator at the early stage of brown adipogenesis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

Objectives : Adipogenesis was defined as a differentiation process of preadipocytes into the adipocytes. Thus, to control of this process can be one of the most important strategies to prevent obesity. Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs. Although multiple biological activities of Korean ginseng, particularly ginsenosides, have been known, the anti-adipogenic role and function of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng are still unclear. In this study, we examined anti-adipogenic activity of polysaccharides and its molecular basis mechanisms are further investigated.Methods : The cytotoxicity of KGP in 3T3-L1 was evaluated by MTT assay. Anti-adipogenic effect of KGP was examined by Oil Red O (ORO) staining and microscopy observation in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR). To elucidate the adipogenic molecular mechanism of KGT, SB431542 (TGF-β specific inhibitor) was used.Results : We found that polysaccharides showed no effect on the viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Dose dependent inhibitory effect of polysaccharides on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis was observed as judged by ORO staining and microscopic image analysis. To obtain further mechanistic insight into anti-adipogenic function of polysaccharides, we then tested the effect of polysaccharides treatment on the adipogenic marker genes. The mRNA expressions level of C/EBPα, PPARγ, C/EBPβ, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were dose-dependently inhibited by KGP treatment in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes.Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings suggest that the KGP could be used in treatment of obesity and overweight related diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 2012

Adipocyte differentiation is strongly associated with obesity, which causes metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of widdrol on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte growth and differentiation. Widdrol decreased lipid droplet accumulation and down-regulated adipogenic transcription factors such as C/$EBP{\alpha}$, C/$EBP{\beta}$, and $PPAR{\gamma}$. Widdrol blocked preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation through the inhibition of mitotic clonal expansion, which was accompanied by the failure of degradation of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Cell-cycle analysis clearly indicated that widdrol actively induces cell-cycle arrest at the G1-S phage transition, causing cells to remain in the preadipocyte state. Moreover, widdrol increased p21 expression and inhibited Rb phosphorylation in preadipocyte incubated in a hormone medium. Therefore, these findings clearly suggest that widdrol blocks preadipocyte growth and differentiation through the inhibition of mitotic clonal expansion by p21-and Rb-dependent G1 arrest and can be developed as a potent anti-adipogenic agent for reducing obesity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2013

최근 연구에서 활성 산소 및 비만에 대한 유전자 발현이 비만과 노화를 촉진시키는 원인으로 주목 받고 있으며, 이를 통해 노화와 비만의 억제 체계를 규명하려는 다양한 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전국 각지의 산야지에 자생하며 농가에서 재배하기도 하는 국화과에 속하는 식물인 참취(Aster scaber Thunb.) 메탄올 추출물의 항산화력과 3T3-L1 전구지방세포의 지방세포형성과정에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 참취 메탄올 추출물에 존재하는 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $57.07{\pm}2.17$, $54.62{\pm}2.24{\mu}g/mg$으로 나타났다. 시료의 DPPH, ABTS radical 소거 활성을 측정한 결과 $RC_{50}$값이 각각 $22.24{\pm}0.40$, $53.19{\pm}1.61{\mu}g/mL$로 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타냈다. 참취의 메탄올 추출물이 3T3-L1 전구지방세포에서 분화유도 물질(IBMX, DEXA, Insulin)과 함께 처리했을 때 지방구의 형성을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 이들은 지방세포의 증식 및 분화되는 과정에서 발현되는 adipogenic transcription factor 및 관련 유전자의 단백질 발현과 mRNA 발현을 유의적으로 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 참취 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 항비만에 우수한 효능을 가지는 기능성 식품 소재로서의 개발이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

비만은 체내 지방이 과도하게 축적되어 일어나는 현상으로, 당뇨, 고혈압, 심혈관 질환 및 암과 같은 질병의 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 RLE에 의해 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로 분화 시, 세포 내 축적되는 Triglyceride 저해 및 발현되는 전사인자들의 발현양상에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과, RLE는 Oil Red O 염색에서 세포 내 triglyceride의 축적을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 또한 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBP) ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$와 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$($PPAR{\gamma}$)과 같은 지방세포 분화 관련 전사인자들의 발현을 억제하였다. RLE는 clonal expansion 단계의 지방세포를 G1기에서 세포 주기를 정지시켜 세포의 증식을 억제하였으며, RLE 처리에 의해 p21의 증가, Cyclin E, Cdk2, Phospho-Rb의 발현 저해 등 G1 arrest 관련 단백질의 발현 변화가 유도되었다. 따라서, RLE는 분화 관련 전사인자들의 발현을 조절하고 지방세포 분화 초기에 G1기의 세포 주기 정지를 억제함으로써 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화를 억제한다고 사료된다.