• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

The Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) is a part of the active safety system, providing optimized vision to the driver during night time and other poor-sight conditions of the road by automatic adaptation of lighting to environmental and traffic conditions. Basically, an AFS provides four different modes of the passing beam as designated in an United Nations Economic Commission for Europe regulation (ECE324-R123): neutral state or country light (Class C), urban light (Class V), highway light (Class E), and adverse weather light (Class W). In this paper, we first present an optics design for an AFS system capable of producing the Class C/V/E/W patterns requiring only on/off modulation of multi-array LEDs with no need for any additional mechanical components. The AFS optics consists of two separated modules, cutoff and spread; the cutoff module lights a narrow central area with high luminous intensity, satisfying the cutoff regulation, and the spread module forms a wide spread beam of low luminous intensity. Each module consists of two major parts; the first converts a discretely positioned LED array into a full-filled area emitting light source plane, and the second projects the light source plane to a 25 m away target plane. With the combination of these two optics modules, the four beam patterns are formed by simple on/off modulation of multi-array LEDs. Then we report the development of a prototype that was demonstrated to provide the four beam patterns.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

샥-하트만(Shack-Hartmann) 파면 측정 센서는 여러 분야에서 다양하게 사용되고 있다. 특히 적응광학은 주요 응용분야 중 하나이다. 적응광학 시스템은 실시간으로 빠르게 동작되어야 하므로 고속 파면 측정이 필수적이다. 고속 파면 측정에서는 카메라의 노출시간이 매우 작기 때문에 파면 측정시에 광자 잡음(photon noise)와 판독 잡음(readout noise)등의 잡음의 영향을 크게 받는다. 따라서 잡음에 둔감한 고속 중심점 탐색 알고리즘이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 잡음에 둔감한 고속 중심점 탐색 알고리즘으로 다중 해상도 상관관계법이 제안되었다. 이 방법은 고속 푸리에 변환(fast Fourier transform)을 이용한 상관관계법과 비교하여 다중 해상도 이미지를 이용함으로써 계산시간을 향상시켰다. 본 논문에서는 무게중심법(center of mass method)과 상관관계법(correlation method)과 다중해상도 상관관계법(multi-resolution correlation method)의 계산시간과 측정 정확도를 비교하기 위해 전산모사 방법이 사용되었다. 제안된 방법의 정확도는 기존의 상관관계법과 유사한 것을 확인하였다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.550-564
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• 2022

Optical microscopy is a useful tool for study in the biological sciences. With an optical microscope, we can observe the micro world of life such as tissues, cells, and proteins. A fluorescent dye or a fluorescent protein provides an opportunity to mark a specific target in the crowd of biological samples, so that an image of a specific target can be observed by an optical microscope. The optical microscope, however, is constrained in resolution due to diffraction limit. Super-resolution microscopy made a breakthrough with this diffraction limit. Using a super-resolution microscope, many biomolecules are observed beyond the diffraction limit in cells. In the case of volumetric imaging, the super-resolution techniques are only applied to a limited area due to long imaging time, multiple scattering of photons, and sample-induced aberration in deep tissue. In this article, we review recent advances in super-resolution microscopy for volumetric imaging. The super-resolution techniques have been integrated with various modalities, such as a line-scan confocal microscope, a spinning disk confocal microscope, a light sheet microscope, and point spread function engineering. Super-resolution microscopy combined with adaptive optics by compensating for wave distortions is a promising method for deep tissue imaging and biomedical applications.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 안광학계의 성능평가 장비 개발을 위한 눈과 같은 광학계의 파면수차를 구현하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 광학계의 파면수차를 재구성하기 위한 프로그램은 matlab을 사용하였으며, 파면수차 합수는 modal 방법에 의한 저니케 다항식을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 파면수차 재구성 프로그램을 검증하기 위해 cooke triplet 광학계의 저니케 계수(n=7)를 code V를 사용하여 계산하였으며, 이 결과를 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램에 의해 계산된 결과와 비교하였다. 이 때 사용한 저니케 계수는 n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 그리고 10인 경우이며, sub-aperture 수는 1,253개이다. 개발된 프로그램의 검증결과 n=4 이상인 경우에는 본래의 파면수차와 거의 일치하였으며, n=7인 경우의 저니케 계수는 code V에서 계산된 저니케 계수와 동일함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 적응광학을 사용한 안광학계의 성능평가 장비 개발을 위한 핵심 기술로 사용될 것이다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.365.2-365
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• 2001

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.752-761
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• 2016

Hyperspectral images are often contaminated with stripe noise, which severely degrades the imaging quality and the precision of the subsequent processing. In this paper, a variational model is proposed by employing spectral-spatial adaptive unidirectional variation and a sparse representation. Unlike traditional methods, we exploit the spectral correction and remove stripes in different bands and different regions adaptively, instead of selecting parameters band by band. The regularization strength adapts to the spectrally varying stripe intensities and the spatially varying texture information. Spectral correlation is exploited via dictionary learning in the sparse representation framework to prevent spectral distortion. Moreover, the minimization problem, which contains two unsmooth and inseparable $l_1$-norm terms, is optimized by the split Bregman approach. Experimental results, on datasets from several imaging systems, demonstrate that the proposed method can remove stripe noise effectively and adaptively, as well as preserve original detail information.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

Monostatic RCS analysis of complex structures has been done with a combined method of physical and geometric optics, commonly applied to high frequency electromagnetic backscattering problems. In the analysis, the complex structure is modeled as a number of flat surfaces and the RCS of whole structure is calculated by summing RCS of each surface, which can be obtained from an analytical solution of flat surface phase integral derived from physical optics. The reflected and hidden surfaces are searched by an object precision method based on adaptive triangular beam method, which can take account for effects of multiple reflections and polarizations of electromagnetic wave. The validity of the presented RCS analysis method has been verified by comparing with exact solutions and measured data for various structures.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.612-622
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• 2018

In wave-front-sensor-less adaptive optics (WFS-less AO) systems, the Jacopo Antonello (JA) method belongs to the model-based class and requires few iterations to achieve acceptable distortion correction. However, this method needs a lot of measurements, especially when it deals with moderate or severe aberration, which is undesired in free-space optical communication (FSOC). On the contrary, the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm only requires three time measurements in each iteration, and is widely applied in WFS-less AO systems, even though plenty of iterations are necessary. For better and faster compensation, we propose a WFS-less hybrid approach, borrowing from the JA method to compensate for low-order wave front and from the SPGD algorithm to compensate for residual low-order wave front and high-order wave front. The correction results for this proposed method are provided by simulations to show its superior performance, through comparison of both the Strehl ratio and the convergence speed of the WFS-less hybrid approach to those of the JA method and SPGD algorithm.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2024

Optical imaging systems that operate through atmospheric pathways often suffer from image degradation, mainly caused by the distortion of light waves due to turbulence in the atmosphere. Adaptive optics technology can be used to correct the image distortion caused by atmospheric disturbances. However, there are challenges in conducting experiments with strong atmospheric conditions. An optical phase plate (OPP) is a device that can simulate real atmospheric conditions in a lab setting. We suggest a novel two-step process to fabricate an OPP capable of simulating the effects of atmospheric turbulence. The proposed fabrication method simplifies the process by eliminating additional activities such as phase-screen design and phase simulation. This enables an efficient and economical fabrication of the OPP. We conducted our analysis using the statistical fluctuations of the refractive index and applied modal expansion using Kolmogorov's theory. The experiment aims to fabricate an OPP with parameters D/r₀ ≈ 30 and r₀ ≈ 5 cm. The objective is defined with the strong atmospheric conditions. Finally, we have fabricated an OPP that satisfied the desired objectives. The OPP closely simulate turbulence to real atmospheric conditions.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2024

Laser propagation through atmospheric disturbances is vital for applications such as laser optical communication, satellite laser ranging (SLR), laser guide stars (LGS) for adaptive optics (AO), and laser energy transmission systems. Beam degradation, including energy loss and pointing errors caused by atmospheric turbulence, requires thorough numerical analysis. This paper investigates the impact of laser beam parameters on ground-to-space laser propagation up to an altitude of 100 km using vertical atmospheric disturbance profiles from the Geochang SLR Observatory in South Korea. The analysis is confined to 100 km since sodium LGS forms at this altitude, and beyond this point, beam propagation can be considered free space due to the absence of optical disturbances. Focusing on a 100-watt class laser, this study examines parameters such as laser wavelengths, beam size (diameter), beam jitter, and beam quality (M²). Findings reveal that jitter, with an influence exceeding 70%, is the most critical parameter for long-exposure radius and pointing error. Conversely, M², with an influence over 45%, is most significant for short-exposure radius and scintillation.