• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2019

TheCitrus grandis Osbeck is a special product in the Jeju island. The product has been as a remedy for liver damage and hang over. This study demonstrates how to investigate and compare the antioxidant, phenol content, tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, antimicrobial, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity with the C. grandis leaves extracted in different ethanol concentrations. From the yield, a 20% ethanol extract demonstrated the highest results among the other extracts. The distilled water extract showed the most abundant in a total phenol content and highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory assay (used ${\text\tiny{L}}$-tyrosine as substrate), the 80% ethanol extract exhibited a higher value than other extracts. The 60% ethanol extract showed prominent activities in the tyrosinase inhibitory (used ${\text\tiny{L}}$-dopa as substrate), ADH and ALDH activity assay. In the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, 60% and 80% ethanol extracts inhibited the bacterial growth almost similarly. Moreover, the gram-positive bacteria was more restrained than the gram-negative bacteria. The resultsrevealed that the distilled water and 80% ethanol extract showed a relatively higher antioxidant activity compared to other extracts. The 60 ~ 80% ethanol extracts demonstrated potential tyrosinase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory, antimicrobial, ADH and ALDH activities. Therefore, the C. grandis is suggested to be considered as a functional material for various proposes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2002

To investigate the fibrinolytic activities of the Korean basidiomycetes, the Extracts of 50 wild mushrooms were tested for their fibrinolytic activites. Extract from Tricholoma sejunctum showed 175% increased activity to that of plasmin 1.0 U/ml. Marasmius siccus showed 54% of activity, and Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus and Macrolepiota procera, 43% and 26% activities, respectively to that of plasmin. But, Cystoderma amianthinum, Lepiota sp., Coprinus sp., Lycoperdon sp. were less than 10% of plasmin activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.270-273
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• 1990

Antioxidant activity of diarylbutane type lignans was evaluated in TBA-reactant assay to elucidate the structure-activity relationship. The antioxidant potency of lignans increased with increasing the number of hydroxyl groups, with the exception of macelignan(I), which showed a more potent activity than demethyl meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid(III).

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2008

In present study, total phenolic content of crude extract and antiradical activity of crude extract and different solvent fractions of Azadirachta indica were evaluated. Crude extract and most of the polar fractions showed higher radical scavenging activity. Among the crude extract and nine different fractions, the aqueous/methanol (3:1) fraction showed the highest activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of extracts from pharbitidis seed and watermelon's inner shell on tyrosinase activity. For this purpose, the effects of plant extracts on total melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were measured. The results showed that the extracts effectively inhibited the tyrosinase activity and total melanin synthesis. The non-cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was confirmed by MTT assay.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.358.1-358.1
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• 2002

The 20 thiourea derivatives had been investigated for their cytotoxic activity using MTT assay. Cytotoxic activity was strongly influenced by the substituted alkyl chain length. but not by configuration of Cl and C2. The optimal alkyl chain length for cytotoxicity was C12. The 9 thiourea derivatives showed stronger activity than reference compound. B13. some of them gave 2-3 times stronger activity than B13. (omitted)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2005

To develop the novel anti-allergic drug, many sophoricoside derivatives were synthesized. Among these derivatives, JSH-II-3, VI-3, VII-3, VIII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt) were selected and subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of quantity. Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay, mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay (MOLY), chromosomal aberration assay in mammalian cells and Ames reverse mutation assay in bacterial system were used as simplified, inexpensive, short-term in vitro screening tests in our laboratory. Through the primary screening using the comet assay, we could choose the first candidates of sophoricoside derivatives with no genotoxic potentials as JSH-VI-3, VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt). Also JSH-VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt) are non-mutagenic in MOLY assay, while JSH-II-3 is mutagenic at high concentration with the presence of metabolic activation system in both comet assay and MOLY assay. The selected derivatives (JSH-VI-3, VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt) are not mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. From results of chromosomal aberration assay, 6 h treatment of JSH-VI-3, VII-3 and VII-20 (sodium salt) were not revealed clastogenicity both in the presence and absence of S-9 mixture. Therefore, we suggests that JSH-VI-3, VII-3, VII-20 and VII-20 (sodium salt), as the optimal candidates with both no genotoxic potential and IL-5 inhibitory effects must be chosen. To process the development into new anti-inflammatory drug of these derivatives, further investigation will need.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 1993

Our previous report demonstrated that certain flavonoid aglycones such as apigenin (flavone), quercetin, morin (flavonols), and biochanin A (isoflavone) showed in vivo antiinflammatory activity via topical and oral routes of adminstation. As a continual study, the various flavonoid glycosides have been evaluated in mouse ear edema assay using archidonic acid or croton-oil as a inflammagen. Flavonoids were orally administered (2 mg/mouse) and ear edema inhibition was measured. Significant antiinflammatory activities were found esepcially in flavone and flavonol glycosides (15-29% inhibition) although the flavonoid derivatives tested showed less antiinflammatory activity than hydrocortisone or indomethacin. Chalcone and flavanone derivatives were not significantly active. And in general, flavonol glycosides of kaempferol-type were found to have a higher oral antiinflammatory activity than that of flavonol glycosides of quercetin-type in mice.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

Carthamus tinctorius L. and Eucommia umoides Oliver are often used in traditional herbal medicines for reducing damage to the liver, kidney, bone and muscle. In the present study, we investigated cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line with methanol extracts of Carthami Semen (CS) and Eucommiae Cortex (EC) alone or in a mixture (CS+EC). Osteoblast cell viability was evaluated using the MTS assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assays. The cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased in MG-63 osteoblast cells treated with the CS+EC mixture. These findings suggest the CS+EC mixture may have beneficial effects on bone health through the proliferation of osteoblast cells.