• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.37
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• pp.287-307
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new and effective classroom speaking activity helping student's communication in real situation. It will be one of useful teaching techniques for teachers because it can be used with other various types of speaking activities together. The activity is designed by the researcher, and named as the Partner's Speech Reconstitution(PSR) in this paper. In chapter 2, Noticing and Output hypothesis which is the theoretic basis of the PSR will be described and the chapter 3 will explain activity methods and examples of the PSR, and then describe its merits and demerits. The researcher applied and practiced the PSR in the speaking class for international students in the K university for three semesters. This paper systematically introduces its organized activity. It helped learners elicit speaking performance of students who avoided talking in the speaking class, made the students concentrate in speaking activity, and helped the learners to talk sufficiently by inducing each student to reconstitute partner's speech production.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-42
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of leisure participation, investigate determinants of leisure participation types, and analyze differences in life satisfaction by the types of leisure participation of the elderly. The data source for this research was the 2014 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical office (KNSO). The statistical methods for the analysis were mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Leisure participation were classified into five types based on five categories; social activities, religious activities, media, sports, time-spending activity. The five types were named "general", "insufficient", "religious oriented", "media oriented", and sports oriented" type. Gender, health condition were identified as important determinants for the types. Life satisfaction was different according to leisure participation type of the elderly. Religious oriented type showed the highest score of life satisfaction and media oriented type showed the lowest.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2009

Haemocyte characterization in the surf clam, Mectra veneriformis was carried out based on morphological, cytochemical, and phagocytic characteristics. The haemocytes were classified into two cell types, granulocytes and agranulocytes on the basis of presence of cytoplasmic granules. Granulocytes were then classified again into 2 types, large eosinophilic granulocytes and small eosinophilic granulocytes after staining with May-Grünwald Giemsa. In electron microscopy, both types of granulocytes contained electron-dense and electron-lucent cytoplasmic granules. Agranulocytes (hyalinocytes) were also divided into two cell types, large agranulocytes and small agranulocytes based on their sizes. Both cell types did not have granules in cytoplasm. Granulocyte and agranulocyte were negative for the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and $\beta$-glucuronidase but positive for phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase activities. Both types of haemocytes have phagocytic activity, with the exception of small agranulocyte, and granulocytes seemed more active in this respect than agranulocytes. This present study is the first study to characterize haemocytes of M. veneriformis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1983

The activity and distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6. 1. 1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in adult Fascicle hepatica have been studied. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of GOT and GPT was measured by the method of Reitman and Frankel. Isozyme patterns of those enzyme were also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase was about 0.55 unit and 0.92 unit per 1g of Fascicle hepatica, respectively. 2. The activity of those enzymes was relatively low compared with those in mammalian tissues. 3. The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 71% of the activity was in cytosolic, 24% in mitochondrial and 5% was in nuclear fraction. 4. About 22% of the total alanine aminotransferase activity was found in the mitochondrial fratstion, about 66% in the cytosolic fraction. 5. Aspartate aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction was separated into two types of isozymes, whereas alanine aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction gave only one active peak on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 1997

The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the effects of middle-aged married women’s attitude and activity for leisure upon their life satisfaction. The samples were composed of 388 married women between 40 years and 59 years old, selected by age and local distribution. As the major findings of this study, the most decisive factors to enhance the life satisfaction are found as follows: First, the behavioral factor among the leisure attitudes is most affective to highten the life satisfaction. Second, self-development activity, friend-making activity and home-oriented activity are the most decisive factors in the category of participation rate of leisure activities. Third, in the types of leisure activities, leisure activity with husbands is the most affecting. Also, the economic factor of the samples was the most significant factor to affect the life satisfaction. The findings of this study provide some implications regarding the policies on the leisure facilities, leisure education programs, the governmental and social supporting systems, and the spontaneous efforts of women themselves to enhance the quality of life of the middle-aged married women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2005

Human activity pattern has been changed as the contemporary urban society changes. Diverse activities repeat regular patterns as time passes. Diagram is a simple drawing which aims to organize and unify various information. The elements of the social behaviour could be spatialized by means of diagram applications. By using diagrams, architects understand contemporary urban society and form new space conditions. Time-based activity patterns consists of activity pattern in a restricted space and in urban structure for space use. Activity patterns for different time zones are explained by two types of diagrams, space occupation and flexibility of space, By the characteristic of space system structred by these diagrams, activities and programs are rearranged and variety of space is allowed through flexibility. Also, programs are mixed to apply to simultaneous occurrence of ever-changing human activities.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2005

Pick-up/delivery of consumer goods to offices, shops, and restaurants in order to support urban lives is one of the most vital activities in a city. With economic growth and technological innovation, a greater variety of goods have come to be supplied, and pick-up/delivery of consumer goods has become more complex. Efficient urban goods movement in Central Business District(CBD} starts with an efficient system for loading/unloading, and pick-up/delivery activities. Loading/unloading activity may be carried out on-street, or on especially designated space inside or outside buildings. Therefore, purpose of this study is to clarity the efficient urban goods movement in CBD(also called the pick-up/delivery activity) from the three different types of loading/unloading facilities. For this purpose, the differences in loading/unloading and truck-trip activity time of each loading/unloading facility was compared by performing the simulation analysis.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.329-349
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to examine whether there are differences in participation in social activities and the effects of social activity types on the levels of happiness of the Korean older adults by age groups. The 5th wave(2014) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) was used and a total of 3,273 elderly were selected from the 5th wave, who were 65 years old and older and who were not living with their offsprings. Chi-square test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used. The rate of participation in economic activities declined with age and the levels of participation in leisure activities was higher in the young-old group in comparison to the middle- and the oldest- old groups. The levels of participation in family activities was higher in the middle- and the oldest-old groups in comparison to the young-old group. Socializing activities and religious activities measured by the frequencies of activities were not significantly different among the age groups. The results of a regression analysis of social activity types and their effects on happiness by age groups are the followings: 1) Leisure, socializing, religious, and family activities all (with the exception of economic activities) significantly affected the level of happiness of older persons in the young-old group. 2) However, only socializing and family activities in the middle-old age group, and only family activities in oldest-old group, had a statistically significant impact on the levels of happiness. These results support that the rates of participation in the five types of social activities and their effects on the levels of happiness were different by age groups. The implication of this study was to report that needs and the interests of older individuals are different by age groups based on empirical evidences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.242-255
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the antimicroboal effect against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia which were the bacteria causing the Periodontopathic by using 34 types of natural plant extracts. Therefore, this study measures growth inhibition activity and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of a sample extract with the use of organic solvent extracts in order to analyze the antibacterial effect of natural plant extracts on periodontopathic bacteria. Each of the 34 types of natural plant extracts were extracted by using the ethanol, and subsequently, the size of growth inhibition zone(clear zone, ㎜) of respective extracts were measured through the disk diffusion method. As a result, it was found that the growth inhibitory activity was found for A. actinomycetemcomitans, which is the bacteria causing the Periodontitis, in 13 types of natural plant extracts such as Raphanus sativus, Akebia quinata, Paeonia lactiflora, Belamcanda chinensis, Inula britannics, Houttuynia cordata, Forsythia saxatilis, Gentiana macrophylla, Melia azedarach, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron amurense, Kalopanax Pictus, etc. In the case of P. intermedia, the growth inhibitory activity was found in 13 types of natural plant extracts such as Raphanus sativus, Angelica acutiloba, Akebia quinata, Belamcanda chinensis, Inula britannics, Houttuynia cordata, Cinnamomum cassia, Aster tataricus, Melia azedarach, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron amurense, Kalopanax Pictus etc. For A. actinomycetemcomitans, anti-bacterial effect was exhibited in Belamcanda chinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Kalopanax Pictus, Phellodendron amurense, Coptis chinensis. The Coptis chinensis showed the most excellent growth inhibitory activity in all organic solvent fragment, while P. intermedia showed the growth inhibitory activity in Belamcanda chinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Meliaazedarach, Phellodendron amurense, and Coptis chinensis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.291-297
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• 2022

Background: PM_2.5 and black carbon (BC) can be generated from cooking and from vehicle operation. Street vendors may be exposed to PM_2.5 and BC due to their proximity both to roads and to cooking activities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the PM_2.5 and BC concentrations in cooking stalls and to determine the effects of cooking activity and of types of cooking. Methods: Indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 and BC concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity were measured in 32 stalls in April and May 2022. Behavioral factors such as the presence of cooking activity and types of cooking were observed. Student's T-test was performed using the difference of indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 and BC concentrations to compare the effects of cooking activity and to compare types of cooking. Results: One-hour averages of the difference in indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations for cooking stalls and non-cooking stalls were 9.7±15.7 ㎍/m³ (n=22) and -0.5±0.4 ㎍/m³ (n=10), respectively. The difference in indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations in cooking stalls was significantly higher than in non-cooking stalls (p<0.05). The indoor PM_2.5 concentration for stalls for Chinese pancakes and teokbokki exceeded the standards for indoor air quality in South Korea (50 ㎍/m³ ). The indoor PM_2.5 concentration for Korean pancake stalls exceeded the standards for outdoor air quality in South Korea (35 ㎍/m³ for 24 hours). Conclusions: The PM_2.5 concentrations in stalls with cooking activity was significantly higher than those in stalls without cooking activity. Some stalls with certain types of foods exceeded standards for indoor and outdoor air quality in South Korea. Better management of indoor air quality in stalls with cooking activities is necessary.