• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2006

This paper intends to describe the carrier's duty for the delivery of international air cargo and the carrier's liability for the illegal delivery of cargo under the Montreal Convention, lATA Conditions of Carriage for Cargo and judicial precedents. Under the Article 13 of Montreal Convention, the consignee is entitled, on arrival of the cargo at the place of destination, to require the carrier to deliver the cargo to it, on payment of the charge due and on complying with the conditions of carriage. And unless it is otherwise agreed, it is the duty of the carrier to give notice to the consignee as soon as the cargo arrives. Under the Article 18 of Montreal Convention, the carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the destruction or less of or damage to, cargo upon condition only that the event which caused the damage so sustained took place during the carriage by air. And the carriage by air comprises by the period during which the cargo is in the carriage of the carrier. Under the Article 11 of lATA Conditions of Carriage for Cargo, carrier is liable to shipper, consignee of any other person for damage sustained in the event of destruction of loss of, or damage to, or delay in the carriage of cargo only if the occurrence which caused to the damage so sustained took place during the carriage as defined under Article 1. According to the precedent of Korean Supreme Court sentenced on 22 July 2004, the freight forwarder as carrier was not liable for the illegal delivery of cargo to the notify party (actual importer) on the airway bill by the bonded warehouse operator because the freight forwarder did not designate the bonded warehouse and did not hold the position of employer to the bonded warehouse operator. In conclusion, the carrier or freight forwarder should pay always attention the movement and condition of the cargo not to be liable for the illegal delivery of cargo.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2523-2527
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• 2014

Background: Serum thyroglobulin detection plays an essential role during the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients treated with total/near total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level at the time of high dose $^{131}I$ ablation and risk of recurrence, using a three-level classification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) according to the ATA guidelines. Also we investigated the relationship between postoperative stimulated Tg at the time of ablation and DxWBS results at 8-10 months thereafter. Materials and Methods: Patients with radioiodine accumulation were regarded as scan positive (scan+). If there was no relevant pathological radioiodine accumulation or minimal local accumulation in the thyroid bed region, this were regarded as scan negative (scan-) at the time of DxWBS. We classified patients in 3 groups as low, intermediate and high risk group for assessment of risk of recurrence according to the revised ATA guidelines. Also, we divided patients into 3 groups based on the stimulated serum Tg levels at the time of $^{131}I$ ablation therapy. Groups 1-3 consisted of patients who had Tg levels of ${\leq}2ng/ml$, 2-10 ng/ml, and ${\geq}10ng/ml$, respectively. Results: A total of 221 consecutive patients were included. In the high risk group according to the ATA guideline, while 45.5% of demonstrated Scan(+) Tg(+), 27.3% of patients demonstrated Scan(-) Tg(-); in the intermediate group, the figures were 2.3% and 90.0% while in the low risk group, they were 0.6% and 96.4%. In 9 of 11 patients with metastases (81.8%), stimulated serum Tg level at the time of radioiodine ablation therapy was over 10, however in 1 patient (9.1%) it was <2ng/mL and in one patient it was 2-10ng/mL (p=0.005). Aggressive subtypes of DTC were found in 8 of 221 patients and serum Tg levels were ${\leq}2ng/ml$ in 4 of these 8. Conclusions: We conclude that TSH-stimulated serum thyroglobulin level at the time of ablation may not determine risk of recurrence. Therefore, DxWBS should be performed at 8-12 months after ablation therapy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the sulfur effects on the yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and the chemical properties of soil after sulfur treatment. Sulfur application was conducted with two chemical forms of sulfur powder and potassium sulfate. Sulfur powder was applied to the soil with levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 kg/10a and potassium sulfate was applied to the soil with levels of 10, 20 kg/10a as sulfur content. After sulfur application in soils, pH and available $P_2O_5$ content of soils tend to decrease after experiment, whereas the contents of $SO_4^{2-}$ and active Fe increased in soils. By the application of sulfur, the yields of safflower seed were increased by about $6{\sim}17$ percent compared to the control. It is apparent that seed yield and plant growth of safflower were increased by the sulfur application.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.40-40
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• 2000

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.22.1-22.1
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• 2005

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.102.1-102.1
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.164-165
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• 2001

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.837-842
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• 2012

A pilot scale circulating fluidized boiler (CFB) for refuse derived fuel (RDF) is designed and constructed to demonstrate a performance of CFB technology for waste fuel utilization. The boiler has a design capacity of 6 MWth with $400^{\circ}C$ 38 ata steam generation performance. The maximum steam rate of the boiler was about 8 ton/h. The main component of the fuel was RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) with high volatile contents and showed fast ignition and easy combustion. The pilot plant showed over 99.5% of combustion efficiency. Stable operation of RDF CFBC depended on the content of non combustion materials other than ash and fast removal of them. Emission level was under legal limit except that of HCl without external flue gas treatment facilities. Also about 60% of fuel chlorine was absorbed to fly ash particles. For HCl emission control flue gas treatment technology is required such as wet and dry scrubber in order to comply with Korean regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop computerized attention tasks using smart devices for preschool aged children for assessment of auditory attention, visual attention, and attention shifting abilities. We then evaluated their construct and concurrent validity of them. Methods : Sixty-seven 5- to 7-year-old children attending kindergarten were recruited. Newly developed computerized attention tasks and existing standardized attention tests such as Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) and Children's Color Trails Test-2 (CCTT-2) were successively administered. To examine the concurrent validity of these tasks, correlation coefficients between the participants' scores on the newly developed tasks and the scores on well-known measures were calculated for assessment of each component construct. We also examined the construct validity of the tasks using the developmental trend of the auditory attention, visual attention, and attention shifting abilities with age. Results : Significant correlations were observed between the scores of computerized attention tasks using smart devices and corresponding scores of ATA-auditory task, visual task, and CCTT-2. And there were significant linear increasing trends of correct scores with age from 5 to 7 years. Conclusion : This study provides promising evidence for the utility of computerized attention tasks using smart devices for preschool-aged children.