• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 1995

To determine the structure of chromosome and to identify the sex chromosome of Ginkgo biloba and G. biloba var. fastigiata, the samples were obtained from root tips of trees growing in seven different provinences. The results are as follows. The basic number of somatic chromosomes was 2n=24. The range of a relative length of long chromosome was between $14.88{\sim}11.18{\mu}m$ and that of short chromosome was $8.11{\sim}6.24{\mu}m$. The chromosome sets were composed with one long pairs of m type and 11 short pairs of sm or st type. These short pairs showed the continuous descending in length. There was a satellite on the short arm of the Longest chromosome pair, and were satellites of the one or both long arm of 7th or 8th chromosome pair which were sm or st type, or the shortest st type chromosome pair. Sometimes, a satellite on the short arm of the longest chromosome pairs of Ginkgo biloba was double satellite, but that of G. biloba var. fastigiata was not. Karyotype was $2n=24=2^{2s}A^m+2B^{st\;or\;sm}+2C^{st}+2D^{st}+2E^{st}+2F^{st\;or\;sm}+2G^{sm}+2^{2s}H^{sm}\;or\;(^{1s}H^{sm}+H^{sm})+2I^{st}+2J^{st}+2K^{st}+2^{2s}L^{st}\;or\;(^{1s}L^{st}+L^{st})$. The male and female trees were not apparently distinguished by the chromsome structures. However the differences between the satellites could be used to identify the male and females. The male tree has double satellite on short arm of a longest chromosome pairs and females' has not. Also female trees have a satellite on a short chromosome more frequently than male trees.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.6-11
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• 1988

Alight-weight robot arm carrying a payload is modelled as a cantilever beam with a tip mass subjected to a high speed rotation. Equations of Motion, for modal control, are represented as discrete state variable form. Digital optimal control law with observer is developed to suppress the arm vibration and control the position of the joint angle. The effects of the number of controlled modes, weighting factors of the performance index, reference rotation time, and sampling time on the control performance are analyzed by computer simulation and experiments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2003

Proper door effort, required force to open or close a vehicle door, is an essential door design factor for the safety of passengers and pedestrians. Section shape of the door checker arm is the most influential design parameter for achieving a door effort design target. In this research. an analysis procedure to predict door effort using a simplified plane strain finite element model wes investigated for two passenger cars, for which mechanism of checker systems were: different. The variation of checker arm force to be required during moving on arm in opening and closing direction was estimated through analysis, and the result was transformed to the door effort with respect to door opening angle by considering door characteristics. Also, the self·closing force due to door weight was theoretically calculated and added to the door effort from checker arm force. Finally the estimated results of door effort were compared with test results.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.36-37
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• 2002

율무(Coix lacryma-jobi)의 핵형 분석을 한 결과 1번 염색체는 short arm과 long arm의 크기가 같은 metacentric chromosome이었으며, 전체의 염색체에 대한 상대적인 길이가 12.8로 가장 길었다. 1번 염색체는 단완과 장완의 양쪽 터미널에 각각 하나씩의 밴드를 나타냈으며 단완과 장완 각각에 interstitial band가 나타났다. 또한 1번 염색체는 단완 끝에 부수체를 갖는 NOR 염색체임을 알 수 있었다. 2번 염색체는 Short arm에 비해 long arm이 길었으며, 전체의 염색체에 대한 상대적인 길이는 11.8로 1번 염색체 다음으로 길었다. 2번 염색체 단완 끝에 하나의 터미널 밴드와 양완의 중간에 각각 interstitial 밴드를 나타냈다. 3번 염색체는 2번 염색체 보다 short arm의 길이보다 더 짧았으며, 상대적인 길이는 10.8로 2번 염색체보다 짧았다. 3번 염색체는 단완 끝에 하나의 terminal 밴드와 centromere 밴드를 나타냈다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 1994

The purposes of the study are to formulate a mathematical model of mechanical tension arm system including supply reel and capstan system, and to simulate dynamic reponse according to parameter variations of the componests in tension arm system. Experiments were carried out in order to prove the validity of the mathematical model. From the results of simulations and experiments, dynamic responses of tape tension and displacement of tension post were analyzed during entire playing mode and they showed the basic characteristics of the tension arm system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.21-23
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• 2022

ARM 아키텍처를 사용하는 임베디드 시스템에서 int8, fp16, fp32 데이터를 조합하여 c/c++로 작성된 mixed precision CNN 을 실행시키기 위한 프레임워크 구성으로, 네트워크의 레이어마다 다른 정밀도를 사용하여 네트워크 경량화 및 추론 정확도 향상을 위한 최적의 설정을 탐색하는 실험 및 분석이 가능토록 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 주요 구성은 network forwarding 중 레이어의 입력이 레이어에 설정된 정밀도와 다를 경우 실행되는 양자화/반양자화를 c/c++로 바인딩된 tensorflow 의 quantization 모듈을 사용하여 진행하고 ARM 시스템에서 c/c++의 fp16 을 사용하기 위해 fp16 를 컴파일이 가능한 ARM compiler 를 사용하는 프레임워크를 제안한다.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.888-894
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• 2016

This paper presents the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the robot arm for inspection and rescue operations. The inspection robot arm has Pitch-Pitch-Pitch-Yaw motion for an optimal and stable view of the camera installed at the end of the manipulator. The rescue operation robot arm has Yaw-Pitch-Pitch-Roll motion to handle heavy tools. Additionally, both robot arms are waterproof, as they use the triple-layer O-ring. Furthermore, the dynamic equation including the damping force due to the mechanical seal for waterproofness was derived by using the Newton-Euler method. A control system using the ARM processor was developed and introduced in this paper, and its performance was verified through experiments.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

In operation room, the use of the C-arm unit is increasing. So, the radiation dose of the person who work in operation room was even more increased than before. Thus, this study is shown the measurement of expose dose and the way for decrease of the radiation dose by using the C-arm unit. The experiment was performed with the C-arm unit and used a phantom which is similar to tissue of the human body and fluoro-glass dosimeter for dose measurement. The expose dose were measured by the tube position(over tube, under tube) of the C-arm unit, distance(50, 100$\sim$200cm), direction(I, II, III, IV), runtime(1min, 3min), wearing of the apron. The radiation dose was decreased twice and three times at under tube rather than over tube. The I direction was measured 20$\sim$30% more than the others. The biggest expose dose is 50cm from center on distance. The expose dose is decreased to far from center. In case of Wearing of the apron, the radiation dose was decreased 60$\sim$90% by the distance. But there weren't change of the radiation dose by C-arm tube position. In present, by increasing the usage of the C-arm unit, the radiation dose is inevitable. So, this study recommends us to use the under tube of the C-arm unit. Also, Wearing of the apron is required for minimum of the radiation exposure.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

One- to three-month-old infants (n=232) were compared their upper arm cumference and skinfold thickness(triceps, subscapular) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). As reported previously, weight, length, head and chest circumferences of these infants were good, and overall growth status was not significantly different by feeding methods, but weight, weight velocity and chest circumference of formula-fed infants were higher than breast-feds at 3month, significantly. Hear, the triceps skinfold thickness of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum months were 7.4, 9.5 and 10.5 mm, respectively. The triceps skinfold thickness of breast-fed infants were higher than formula-feds at 1 and 2 postpartum month, but at 3 month that of formula-fed infants was greater than breast-fed infants, insignificantly. The subscapular skinfold thickness of infants were 6.4, 9.2 and 10.6 mm at 1 to 3 postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of infants were 11.7, 13.4, 14.3cm, and the arm muscle diameter were 34.5,39.3 and 41.7cm at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of male infants was higher than females at 2, 3 postpartum months. Overall, there were no signifiant differences between feeding methods in triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference and arm muscle diameter. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infant showed bigger significantly in arm circumference than the breast-feds. From this survey, long-term survey on growth and body composition of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper body composition standard for infant.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

The development of technology provides and increases security as well as convenience for humans. The development of new technology directly affects the standard of life thanks to smart home automatic control systems. This paper describes a door control, automatic curtain, home security (CCTV, fire, gas, safe, etc.), home control (energy, light, ventilation, etc.) and web-based smart home automatic controller. It also describes the use of ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) for automatic control of home equipment, a Multi-Axes Servo Controller using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and PLC (programmable logic controller). Additionally, it describes the development of a HTML editor using web auto control software. The tab loading time (7 seconds) is faster when using ARM-based web browser software instead of Chrome and Firefox is used because the browser has a small memory footprint (300M). This system is realized by web auto controller language which controls and uses PLCs that are easier than existing devices. This smart home automatic control technology can control smart home equipment anywhere and anytime and provides a remote interface through mobile equipment.