• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.30.1-30.4
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• 2020

Background: Tiryaq-e-arba is a polyherbal Unani antidote/antivenom formulation used in the management of poisoning due to snake bite, scorpion bite as well as in cold poisons since time immemorial. Objectives: Tiryaq-e-arba was not evaluated scientifically before this study carried out, therefore it was studied for antivenom activity by testing on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits. Material &Methods: The anti-venom activity of the test drug was studied by observing its effect on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits by the method of Netelson. Results: The plasma fibrinogen level was found to be 171±665.04 mg/100 ml of blood, 36.18±1.12 mg/100 ml of blood, 33.14±0.52 mg/100 ml of blood and 17.9±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours respectively in control animals while in the test animal it was found to be 157.13±3.44 mg/100 ml of blood, 41.13±2.69 mg/100 ml of blood, 62.09±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood and 54.39±0.73 mg/100 ml of blood respectively. The test showed that though the plasma fibrinogen level in the test lower at 0 hour but it was greater in the control animals at 1, 3 and 6 hours. The increase in plasma fibrinogen level in the test animals at 3 and 6 hours was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The finding of the present study was that Tiryaq-e-arba possesses antivenom activity which scientifically support the Unani claim that it is Dafe-Sumoom-al-Hevan (Antivenom or Antidote) and the use of this preparation in corresponding diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41.1-41.12
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• 2024

Importance: Equines are indispensable in reducing the huge burden on children and women and income generation. On the other hand, minimal attention is given to improving their health and welfare. Objective: This study examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of helminth parasites of equine in the Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed from June 2019 to March 2020. The study districts and Kebeles were selected purposively based on agroecology whereas selection of study households and animals were performed based on simple random sampling techniques. Identification of nematode, trematode parasite ova and larvae of D. arnfieldi were done by floatation, sedimentation, and Baermann techniques respectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence and association of risk factors with helminth parasites. Results: The overall helminth parasite prevalence in the study area was 90.4%, 425/470 (95% [CI], 87.16-92.9). The prevalence of Strongyle, Fasciola, O. equi, P. equorum, D. arnfieldi, and mixed parasite infections were 65.1%, 21.7%, 17.4%, 34%, 34%, and 58.1%, respectively. Infections from Fasciola species and D. arnfieldi infection were four ([AOR], 4.4; 95% CI, 2-9.4) and two times (AOR, 2; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6) respectively more likely occur in donkeys than in mules. The occurrence of Strongyle species in midland agroecology was two times (AOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-4.7) more likely than lowland agroecology. Conclusions and Relevance: The present study identified diverse species of equine helminth parasites that necessitate urgent disease control and prevention measures.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.445-463
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• 2023

The paper introduces the concept of direct product and discusses some basic facts about distant ideals. We also introduce the definition of directly indecomposable in an autometrized algebra. Furthermore, we present the concept of a subdirect product and simple autometrized algebra and its behavior. We also introduce the definition of subdirectly irreducible in an autometrized algebras. In particular, we prove that every subdirectly irreducible monoid autometrized algebra is directly indecomposable. Finally, we discuss different properties of chain autometrized algebras and introduce the representability in the autometrized algebra. We also prove that if a weak chain monoid normal autometrized l-algebra is nilradical, then it is representable.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.129-160
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• 2019

Background: Characterizing and describing soils and land use and make a suggestion for sustainable utilization of land resources in the Ethiopian Rift valley flat plain areas of Lake Chamo Sub-Basin (CSB) are essential. Objectives: To (1) characterize soils of experimental area according to World Reference Base Legend and assess the nature and extent of salinity problems; (2) characterize land use systems and their role in soil properties; and (3) identify best land use practices used for both environmental management and improve agricultural productivity. Methods: Twelve randomly collected soil samples were prepared from the above land uses into 120 composites and analyzed. Results: Organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) were varied along different land uses and depleted from the surface soils. The soil units include Chernozems (41.67%), Kastanozems (25%), Solonchaks (16.67%), and Cambisols (16.67%). The identified land uses are annual crops (AA), perennial crops (PA), and natural forest (NF). Generally, organic carbon, total nitrogen, percentage base saturation (PBS), exchangeable (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), available phosphorus (P₂O₅), manganese, copper, and iron contents were decreased in cultivated soils. Soil salinity problem was observed in annuals. Annuals have less nutrient content compared to perennials in irrigated agriculture while it is greater in annuals under rainfed. Clay, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (K₂O) contents were correlated positively and highly significantly with organic carbon and electrical conductivity. Conclusion: Management practices that improve soil quality should be integrated with leguminous crops when the land is used for annual crops production.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2004

Delegation is one of important security policies in the access control area. We propose a management model of delegation integrated with ARBAC model for environment of distributed access control. We Integrate PBDM delegation model with ARBAC97 model, and suggest integrity rules of delegation for preventing security threats in new model. Our model supports both free delegation for users without intervention of administrators, and controlling delegation for security administrators.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.5-9
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper aims to critically examine capital market developments in India before and after liberalization. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper examines the Indian capital market from its inception to the latest developments related to both primary and secondary markets, and also discusses recent initiatives of capital markets to enhance the expected level of services to the investor community. It also sheds light on the regulatory framework for investor protection. Results - The study further highlights the future roadmap for the radical development of the Indian capital market. The paper identifies the various initial obstacles and intricacies that affect the smooth functioning of the Indian capital markets. Hence, the paper articulates that these concerns should be addressed by the regulatory authorities and at the policy level at the earliest for further strengthening the capital markets in the interests of the economy in general and retail investors in particular. Conclusion - This is a topic of utmost contemporary importance to worldwide national economies, and calls for novel methods and techniques in dealing effectively with the menace facing capital markets.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of interpregnancy interval on fetal outcome among women with term premature rupture of membrane in public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2017. Facility based follow up study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia public hospitals from February 30, 2017 to August 20, 2017. Among 150 observed mothers with interpregnancy interval of less two years, 46.67 % (95% CI: (7.170, 29.93) of them experienced adverse birth outcome, but among 173 women with interpregnancy interval of two and above years, 5.78% (95% CI: (7.170, 29.93) of them experienced adverse birth outcome. The odds of adverse birth outcome were more among women with interpregnancy interval of less than two years (AOR=17.899, 95%CI: [6.425, 49.859]. The effect of interbirth interval of less than two years on adverse birth outcome of newborn was increased by length labor of >=24 hours, induction of labour and cesarean section delivery. Interpregnancy interval of less than two years, in collaboration with other risk factors, is the main predictor of adverse birth outcome. Therefore especial attention should be given to mothers with birth spacing by using family planning methods to reduce adverse birth outcome.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.17-30
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• 2019

Intensive agricultural development in Mexicali valley, Baja-California, Mexico, has induced tremendous strain on the limited water resources. Agricultural water consumption in the valley mainly relies on diversions of the Colorado River, but their water supply is far less than the demand. Hence, the use of groundwater for irrigation purposes has gained considerable attention. To account for these changes, it is important to evaluate surface water and groundwater conditions based on historical water use. This study identified the effects of agricultural activities on groundwater levels and groundwater recharge in the Mexicali valley (in irrigation unit 16) by a comprehensive MODFLOW Farm process (MF-FMP) numerical modeling. The MF-FMP modeling results showed that the water table in the study area is drawn downed, more in eastern areas. The inflow-outflow analysis demonstrated that recharge to the aquifer occurs in response to agricultural supplies. In general, the model provides MF-FMP simulations of natural and anthropogenic components of the hydrologic cycle, the distribution and dynamics of supply and demand in the study area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2020

Waterlogging and unintended lake formation become the main problem in some parts of the world. Starting from 1989, the waterlogging problem was observed in the farmland of the Jarso community of Konso Woreda adjacent to the Segen River in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objectives are determining the extent and causes of unintended lake formation using GIS/RS in addition to a preliminary field survey to mitigate the problem. The analysis of satellite images revealed that over the years invasion of the irrigable land by unwanted water had increased, as, in 1989, the size of the wetland area was about 8 Km²; in 2000 the size of the un-intended lake was only 8.23 ㎢. Alarmingly the size of the lake increased to 19.68 Km² in 2014. Silting up of Weir and changing the flow of River Segen and Human Intervention and changing the natural flow of River Yanda were the main causes of this unwanted prolonged water-logging. The ecological and social environment has been degrading as the people of the waterlogged area have been experiencing some settlement and losing their land. Another problem encountered was flooding from River Barka and invasion of the farmland. Sediment control best management practices (BMPs) i.e, Removal of sediment, providing sandbags and well-scheduled maintenance; Changing the junction point of Yanda and Segen River were suggested for the long-term and short term possible remedial measures. Gabion retaining wall on the bank of the Segen River to the face of Barka River was suggested to protect the farmland from flooding.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.400-420
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• 2019

The aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, and 6-9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6-9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.