• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Bans on TBT based antifouling paints have been drafted since 1999 by meetings 42, 43, 45 and 46 for the MEPC (Marine Environmental Protection Committee) of the International Marine Organization, and decided finally at a Diplomatic Conference of the IMO in October 2001. It was a key issue that there should be a global prohibition on the application of organo-tin compounds as biocides in Anti-fouling systems by Jan. 2003, and a complete prohibition on te presence of organo-tin compounds on ships by 1 Jan. 2008. This paper suggests a method to design International Anfi-fouling system cretificate, Record of anti-fouling system, Endorsement of the Records, Declaration on Anti-fouling System, Port State Control and reform(legislative) associated a law.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.441-445
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• 2010

The ouput power of wave energy system in buoy is determined according to the inner diameter of oscillating water column and flow resistance. The increase of adhered shellfish inside the water column leads to decrease the inner diameter of wave energy converter. Influx loss of seawater reduces the efficiency of output power in the wave generation system. In this paper, the test result of AFS characteristic is described for preventing the deposition with shellfish and etc. The current of anode is controlled by buck converter, and the control algorithm developed for AFS in buoy. The experimental results is shown excellent preventing capapbility of AFS in buoy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2015

After some period of time, the marine traffic facilities find problems caused by shellfish adhered to inside and inlet of the water column. Therefore, single-channel AFS(Anti-Fouling System) has been applied in order to minimize the deposition of shellfish. However, imbalance phenomenon of ionization of copper electrodes that are used for single-channel AFS appeared. This problem resulted in frequent replacement of anode. In this paper, multi-channel current control system has been developed, as well as the related hardware has been designed and fabricated. Further, experimental study has been undertaken to compare the application of single and multi- channel AFS. Through the sea experiments, it was possible to confirm that the copper electrode used for multi-channel AFS is uniformly ionized.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.661-666
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• 2011

Recently, there are active research activities regarding to power systems of marine traffic facilities using a hybrid generation system which includes a photovoltaic generation system and a wave power generation system. However, when the marine traffic system is operated on a maritime environment for a substantial period of time, it was reported that the shellfish was adhered inside the water column. To tackle this problem, researches on the AFS (Anti-Fouling System) are on the progress. However, use of the single channel AFS resulted in frequent replacement of anode. Thus, the paper proposes a multi-channel method on AFS and experiments have been taken place correspondently. To improve the reliability of the experiment, the melting anode result was applied to our simulation program. The outcome of the simulation illustrates that the proposed multi-channel AFS's anode in the buoy have been ionized equally.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.505-510
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• 2002

Bans on TBT based antifouling paints have been drafted since 1998 by meetings 42, 43, 45 and 46 for the MEPC (Marine Environmental Protection Committee) of the International Marine Organization, and decided finally at a Diplomatic Conference of IMO in October 2001. It was a key issue that there should be a global prohibition on the application of organo-tin compounds as biocides in Anti-fouling systems by Jan. 2003, and a complete prohibition on the presence of organo-tin compounds on ships by 1 Jan. 2008. This paper suggests a method to design International Anti-fouling system cretificate, Record of anti-fouling system, Endorsement of the Records, Declaration on Anti-fouling System, Port State Control and reform(legislative) associated a law.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.192-192
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• 2011

For the safety of vessels sailing Marine Transport Facility announces sea route, reefs or shallow water. Photovoltaic, independent power system, installation in the general Marine Transport Facilities to be used in the marine lantern. Due to install of communications, controls, power consumption inceases. And the weather of cloudy day or rainy, generation of electricity is decrease. Recently, power system of marine facility using a hybrid generation system, photovoltaic generation system and wave power generation system. But increase of adhered shellfish inside the water column, is the cause of the reduction of efficiency. So study was conducted to Single channel AFS(Anti-Fouling system). In this paper we offer the Multi channel AFS for Marine Transport Facility and have simulated. Improve the accuracy of the research, we using the result of anode, in the experiment were actually in the buoy, is based on simulation. The experimental results is shown every anode's, in the Marine Transport Facility, ionization was conducted identically.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

An International Convention on the control of harmful anti-fouling system on ships(AFS Convention) was adopted on 5 October 2001 at Diplomatic Conference in London, and is expected to be presently effectuated with ratification of more than 25-member nations possessing about 25% of total world tonnage. This convention regulates the operation of harmful anti-fouling system and especially prohibits the use of organotin compounds contained in anti-fouling paint. Organotin compounds have a tendency to be easily extracted by specific solvents and have high polarity and low volatility as specific characteristics. This drives us to attempt of going through the process named derivatization that is required in analysis using a gas chromatography(GC). This study was conducted to determine the proper pre-treatment method, ethylation in comparison with hydridization on the analysis of tributyltin in organotin compounds and to verify the application of the method through the experimental analysis practically used anti-fouling paint and painted layer sample of the served ship.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1123-1128
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• 2008

Marine facilities like buoy, lighthouse are operated with stand alone power supply system. This power system can consist of a stand-alone type power system such as PV(Photovoltaic) system, wave system or hybrid system which is not cooperated with a commercial power system. Generally, PV power system for marine facilities can not supply a sufficient power to buoy, because it is so influenced from weather condition. For solving this problem the hybrid power system with PV and wave is studied on a various area, that is why a hybrid power system is requires to overcome these problems. This paper will describe a generation characteristic of WEC(Wave Energy Converter) for buoy, and an AFS(Anti-Fouling System) influence on WEC.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 2019

In this study, we aimed to assess the toxicity of biocide present in antifouling paint on embryos of sea urchin, Mesocentrotus nudus. Three types of biocide (Sea-nine 211, Diuron, and Irgarol 1051) were selected for the exposure experiment. The EC₅₀ of Sea-nine, Diuron, and Irgarol on the fertilization rate of sea urchin were 32.8 ㎍ L^-1, 7,975 ㎍ L^-1 and 6,995 ㎍ L^-1, respectively. The EC₅₀ of Sea-nine, Diuron, and Irgarol on the development rate of sea urchin were 31.6 ㎍ L^-1, 3,044 ㎍ L^-1, and 2,267 ㎍ L^-1, respectively. The highest toxicity was observed in the presence of Sea-nine.