• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2001

The forest vegetation in Daedeok Science Town were classified as second forest vegetation and afforestation vegetation. The second forest vegetation was classified into two communities such as Pinus densiflora community and Quercus acutissima community. Also, the afforestation vegetation was classified again as Robinia pseudoacacia community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus thunbergii community, and Castanea crenata community. In this study area, we found total 217 taxa. The average species of appearance in Pinus densiflora community, Quercus acutissima community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus thunbergii community, and Castanea crenata community were 21, 20, 20, 21, 21, and 18, respectively. There was no difference in appearance species between second forest and afforestation vegetation. We found total 12 naturalized plants taxa of Commelina communis, Phytolacca americana, Erigeron annuus, and Ailanthus altissima in the plots and total 19 naturalized plants taxa of Dactylis glomerata, Bidens frondosa, Xanthium strumarium, and Soianum nigrum in the climbing roads and forest circumferences. And so, we found total 31 naturalized plants taxa in this study area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.52-62
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• 2004

This research is basic research about 「the afforestation project of the Shilla Dynasty's capital forest」 which is controlled by the research institute of forest and environment of Kyungbuk province. The results of the investigation about target places and selection of major species of trees is as follows. 1. In the Shilla Dynasty's times, the peach tree was the indicator of unusual changes in weather, and was also the symbol of unsurpassed beauty. Peach trees were so prevalent that people called the forest peach-hill or peach-forest. Therefore, the main tree of Shilla Dynasty's capital forest would have to be a peach tree. 2. From several records, pine and bamboo were planted or grown together. The pattern of planting trees like this case is also historic, so should be utilized positively. 3. In order to afforest the capital forest, the bamboos have to be planted on Nam-mountain in Kyung-ju, and maple trees have to be planted on Kumgang mountain. 4. There were many big trees during the Shilla Dynasty, and the name of one of the Six Main Villages was 'Big Tree Village'. Therefore, big and long-lived trees have to be planted also. 5. The willow tree has to be considered for afforesting the capital forest even though the willow trees are misunderstood to cause allergies. They are traditional landscape architecture trees. In the traditional literature, the willow tree stands for good news. 6. Japanese cornellian cherry(Cornus officinalis), which is related with old narrative literature in the era of King Kyungmun, has to be planted for the forest, and has to be considered to be an educational tree. 7. Korean Rhododendron, which is related with Madam Suro's story, has to be planted in stone gardens.8. Lotus, Korean pulsatilla, Boxwood, Bombycis Mulberry, and Japanese Apricot have been recorded just one time, but these are also important plants which have to be reflected on afforestation of capital forest project. 9. The forests of Shilla on the old records exist in 17 places. The afforestation project has to be undertaken at these places. 10. The people of Shilla deified the forest and trees, which were the places where ancestral rites had been performed. For example, Gyerim, Sinyurim, and Wanggasu were the sacred forests of the capital forest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 1988

Tong-ri beach has not enough vegetation to be enjoyed by the sea bathers and to be satisfied with preventing the disaster-damages, but mixed forest near the beach can work its funtions and the old forest of Pirus thunbergii $P_{ARL}$. near the beach do a Little. Therefore it is very urgent to plant more trees near the beach for bathers and disaster-damage prevention. This study was carried out for planning an afforestation, with reporting upon the crown amounts and soil properties of disaster-damage prevention forests of P. thunbergii $P_{ARL}$. planted on the coast sand dunes in 1970 and 1976, and with reporting upon the valuation on soil properties of the lands near the beach in order to set the afforestation site. The results are as follows : 1. In disaster-damage prevention forests, crown surface area and crown volume became increasingly greater in proportion to the height. To D.B.H., crown volume also became increasingly greater in proportion, but crown surface area was directly proportional. 2. In comparison to sail characteristics of sand dune, those of the forests were in large quantity in OM, T-N and avail. $SiO_2$, and almost in the same in avail. $P_2O_5$, but in small quantity in exchangeable canons : K, Ca, Mg and Na. 3. EC, Cl and pH were in small value in the forest soils, but CEC was in large value in those soils. 4. Above facts showed that the forests fulfill their functions for preventing disaster-damages and improve their soil properties. 5. The forests have naturally been thinned up to 34% in 17 years and 39% in 11 years, and one can easily pass through the forest(planted in 1970), because of its sufficient clear-length(2.71m) and its space to pass. 6. A plan for afforestation was oracle nut after judging several sites by the evaluation on the soil properties and considering the best relaxation and the prevention of the various disaster-damages upon which were reported in the last issue. 7. Afforestation should be kept for maintaining its appropriate density for best relaxation and disaster-damage prevention.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.353-357
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.229-233
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-526
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• 2009

Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (BPS) multifilament were designed to degrade upon disposal by the action of afforestration of Ecklonia cava. Matured thalli of E. cava were collected at Jeju for zoospore collection and the substrate for zoospores were BPS multifilament (12 mm, 500 Td/96). The materials were made as nets of $1\;m^2$ with a cross stripes of 10 cm. The unit biodegradable nets bearing germlings of E. cava was moved into Wando where the place is conducting intensive seaweed cultivation in Korea for 5 months of nursery culture until they grew to 10 cm in length after which the nets were transplanted into the sea bed at Jeju at a depth of 12 m and the algal growth was monitored from May 2007 to December 2008. This is the first instance of using the BPS materials for seaweed afforestation to avoid any environmental problems.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.453-460
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• 2000

The forest vegetation of Mt. seondal was classified into eight communities and one afforestation by the phytosocialogical method (Z-M method). In general, Quercus mongolica trees occupied most of the area, while afforestation forest was distributed on the lower slope, cultivated land, and at the vicinity of village. The vegetation on the top part of Mt. Seondal was comparatively well preserved, but that in the lower areas has been disturbed heavily by human activity and some had mixed forests composed of pine trees, oaks, ashes, and Rhododendron micrantum shrub. By cluster analysis method. nine groups were identified as follows : Quercus mongolica group, Q. mongolica - Pinus densiflora group, Q. mongolica - Rhododendron schlipen - bachii group, Q. mongolica - Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa group, P. densiflora group, Juglans mandshurica group, Fraxinus mandshurica group, Betula costata group and Larix leptolepis group. These groups showed differences in species composition, but Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica - P. densiflora, Q. mongolica - R. schlippenbachii and Q. mongolica - S. chinensis for. pilosa groups among them showed very similar floristic composition to each other. In the relationship between polar ordination axes and environmental variables, altitude was the environmental factor determining variation in species composition along axis X and soil moisture was the environmental along axis Y. They were the main factors in determining forest vegetation. The result of cluster analysis and polar ordination for the forest vegetation were corresponded to those of phytosocialogical classification in classifying vegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

The vegetations of Hansan and Chubong islets in Tongyoungsi were investigated from April, 1997 to December, 1998 and a synthesis table was constructed. Based on the synthesis table, the vegetation was classfied into 6 communties: Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Machilus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa afforestation, Cryptomeria japonica afforestation, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community, and 3 subcommunities: Pinus thunbergii typical subcommunity, Quercus variabilis subcommunity, Carpinus coreana subcommunity. The vegetation of Pinus densiflora community around Jeseungdang area is well preserved. However the islet requirs the ecological restoration, and we suggest that the rare species such a Crypsinus hastatus, old trees of Machilus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii, and the habitat for Machilus thunbergii and Camellia japonica must be preserved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.291-301
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• 2005

Robinia pseudoacacia is one of most widely cultivated exotic species in Bulgaria. The total area of black locust plantations amounts to 2.9% of the total forest area of the country. 15.34% of the plantations are of management afforestations category, where the priority is given to timber production. They have been created on rich and moisture soils, which are the most appropriate for the species in order to achieve its biological potentials of high productivity. The rest of the available plantations in the country are planted on poorer and drier soils up to 600~800 m altitude. The high adaptive ability of the species to unsuitable environmental conditions as well as the high sprout potential was used for their creation. These stands are mainly done with the aim to protect and ameliorate damaged environments and production of small-size timber and fire woods. They are cultivated until 15-20 years and are revived by sprouts. Therefore the management goals searched, 45.69% of those forests are low productive and 38.97% with average productiveness. The present report deals with growth and productivity capacity of black locust plantations; production of sowing materials; production of reproductive and vegetative saplings for afforestation; the technological aspects of afforestation works; the management and use of black locust plantations as well as some more important diseases and pests affecting the species. The report is entirely based on Bulgarian scientific research works and experience with the Robinia preudoacacia. Recommendations for optimizing the use of species are given.