• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 2021

Objective: In clinical practice, there are a lot of exercise to reduce body weight or reduce the amount of body fat in order to solve back pain. However, many studies have contradicted the relationship between back pain and weight or body fat mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fat mass, body mass index and low back pain of office worker. Design: Crossed-sectional study Methods: Among the white-collar workers diagnosed with non-specific back pain by doctors, subjects who were not included in the exclusion criteria were selected to measure the subject's body fat mass, body mass index, pain intensity, and disability index due to back pain. The NPRS was used for the intensity of back pain of office workers, and the ODI was used for the degree of disability due to back pain. A body composition analyzer was used to measure the body fat mass and body mass index of white-collar workers. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison between the normal group and the excessive group according to the criteria of fat mass and body mass index. In the correlation analysis of fat mass, body mass index, pain intensity, and disability index, it was found that there was a significant correlation between fat mass and body mass index. However, neither fat mass nor body mass index had a significant correlation with pain intensity and disability index. Conclusions: The fat mass and body mass index of office worker do not affect low back pain.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2022

This research proposes a novel trading method based on sample entropy for the FTSE China A50 Index. The approach is used to determine the points at which the index should be bought and sold for various holding durations. The findings are then compared to three other trading strategies: buying and holding the index for the entire time period, using the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and using the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) as buying/selling signaling tools. The unique entropy trading method, which used 90-day holding periods and was called StEn(90), produced the highest cumulative return: 25.66 percent. Regular buy and hold, RSI, and MACD were all outperformed by this strategy. In fact, when applied to the same time periods, RSI and MACD had negative returns for the FTSE China A50 Index. Regular purchase and hold yielded a 6% positive return, whereas RSI yielded a 28.56 percent negative return and MACD yielded a 33.33 percent negative return.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.357-367
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia showed a high prevalence of dental caries (88.8%) in Indonesia and suggested that smoking tobacco was associated with an increased risk of dental caries. This study analyzed the association between tobacco smoking and dental caries in the Indonesian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected from RISKESDAS 2018. The study population included 35 391 Indonesians aged ≥10 years from all 34 provinces. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure dental caries. Smoking status was assessed qualitatively based on smoking activity, and the level of smoking exposure was assessed based on the Brinkman index. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships of smoking status and smoking exposure levels with the DMFT index. Results: Of the population aged ≥10 years, 36% had a DMFT≥8 (females: 37.5%, males: 33.9%). Almost one-fourth (23.4%) were current smokers, and 4.1% were ex-smokers. Furthermore, 26.4% had a Brinkman index ≥400, indicating heavy smoking. According to the multivariate analysis, current smoking status was associated with the risk of DMFT≥8 in males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55; p<0.001) and overall (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.14; p=0.037). In females, ex-smoking was associated with a 41% higher risk of DMFT≥8 (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.84; p=0.014). Heavy smoking was associated with a higher risk of DMFT≥8 in males (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.52; p<0.001) and females (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.50; p=0.022). Conclusions: Tobacco smoking was associated with dental caries in the Indonesian population.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2022

This paper presents an investigation into the failure of RC columns under impact loadings. A numerical simulation of 19 identical RC columns subjected to single and repeated impact loadings was performed. A free-falling hammer was dropped at midspan with the same total kinetic energy input but varying mass and momentum. The specimens under the repeated impact test were struck two times at the same location. The colliding index, defined as the impact energy-momentum ratio, was proposed to explain the different impact responses under equal-energy impacts. The increase of colliding index from low to high indicates the transition of the impact response from static to dynamic and failure mode from flexure to shear. This phenomenon was more evident when the column had a greater axial load and was impacted with a high colliding index. The existence of the axial load had an inhibitory effect on the crack development and increased the shear resistance. The second impact changes the failure mode from flexural to brittle shear as found in the specimen with 20% axial load subjected to high a colliding index. Moreover, a deflection prediction equation based on the impact energy and force was limited to the low colliding index impact.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.630-633
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes method to find the subjective satisfaction index of an air-conditioner using consumer's sensory evaluation for an air-conditioner. A satisfaction index of an air-conditioner is presented the annoyance and freshness as ${\alphs}$, ${\beta}$ exponents of 1/f slope and is changed the annoyance and freshness as exponents of 1/f slope are changed. The satisfaction index of an air-conditioner is not improved if SPL is above the proper level although the 1/f slope has optimal ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ values. Therefore, this paper proposes the satisfaction index of an air-conditioner considered both SPL and ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ exponents of 1/f slope.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2008

구면 SELFOC 렌즈와 플라스틱 비구면 렌즈를 사용하여 mobile phone 광학계를 설계하였다. SELFOC 소재는 radial GRIN(gradient index) 분포를 가지며, 이것은 설계에 추가적인 자유도를 제공하므로, 비구면을 구면으로 대치할 수 있다. 두개의 플라스틱 비구면 렌즈로 구성된 통상적인 2P 광학계와 결상특성을 비교 하였다. 이 연구에서는 시판되고 있는 SELFOC 소재를 사용하여 1GRIN 1P 광학계를 설계하였다. 그러나 1GRIN 1P의 성능보다 통상적인 2P 광학계의 성능이 좋았다. 1GRIN 1P 설계에서 성능은 GRIN 소재의 굴절률 구배에 의지하므로 굴절률 구배가 클수록 좋은 성능을 보인다. 그러므로 큰 굴절률 구배를 갖는 가상의 GRIN 소재를 사용하여 광학계를 설계하였다. 현재 시판되는 SELFOC 소재보다 3배 정도 굴절률 구배가 큰 GRIN 소재가 개발된다면, 1GRIN 1P 광학계의 성능이 통상적인 2P 광학계의 성능과 유사하거나 더 좋아 질 것이다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
• /
• pp.19-19
• /
• 2014

This study included the analysis of mushroom data collected from Mt. Chiak in Gangwon-do using various methods. Former studies of Korean mushrooms are limited by regional characters and there is less species diversity among the regions. This study tried to find a way for the forecast of mushroom distribution and appearance by indexes of species diversity. The indexes used in this study include the number of fungi (N), the number of species (S), similarity index (C), richness index (R1, R2), variety index (V1, V2), evenness index (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5), and dominance index (D1) to analyze variety of species diversity. Analyses of data of fungi using a multistage cluster sampling indicate that the average value of C for years was higher than the average value of C for areas. The mushrooms consisted of 208 species in 686 individuals in limited fungal collection from 2002 to 2003. One hundred thirty nine species in 393 individuals were collected in 2002, and 122 species 293 individuals were collected in 2003. The individuals collected in 2003 were smaller than 2002's individuals. Similarity, richness, and variety indexes' values of 2003 were reduced than 2002's values but dominance index of 2003 was increased than 2002's value. Generally the species diversity of the environment to evaluate the index of similarity, richness, and variety was a higher index; dominance index was lower than that of the surrounding environment, suggesting a good diversity. As a result, the occurrence of mushrooms in the surrounding environment and the various factors seem fell in 2002 compared to 2003. The majority genus of the limited fungal collection was Mycena genus in 63 individuals; the majority species was Laccaria laccata in 34 individuals. Ninety three species in 106 individuals were collected by the extended collection and the majority genus of the extended collection was Amanita genus in 17 individuals; the majority species was Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) Pers. which was found in 5 individuals. This demonstrates that periodical similarity's value was 0.159 is higher than special similarity's 0.119. This indicates that the probability of the appearance of same mushrooms in the same area in following year is higher than the probability of the appearance of same mushrooms in the surrounding area in same year. The value of coefficient of variation (CV), in which the amount of change is much or less by N is higher than the CV value by S. CV value of dominance index(D) was the highest r point among other indexes, and evenness index (E) was the lowest point among other indexes. The correlation matrix with 66 combinations between the indexes, the combinations with correlations was 46 combinations. These results revealed that indexes of R1, V2, and E1 were proper to represent species diversity of fungi based on the correlation matrix and the theory of statistical independence which means there is no or less mutual association. This research would contribute to the study about variable living creature by measuring method and in the future this would be used to figure out regulation about fungi with their correlation, values in ecosystem, develop improving new models about agricultural fungi species and numbers by investigating agricultural variable species.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.282-289
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 경남해안지역 연약점토의 토질특성과 압축지수와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 김해지역 82개소, 진해지역 18개소, 거제지역 27개소의 불교란 상태의 시료를 채취하여 물성실험 및 역학실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 경남해안지역 연약점토의 압축지수는 Terzaghi & Peck이 제안한 경험식을 적용할 수 없음을 알 수 있었다. 경남 해안지역 연약점토의 압축지수는 자연함수비, 액성한계, 초기간극비와 상관성이 있었으며, 이들 중 압축지수는 초 기간극비와 상관성이 가장 컸다. (1) 경남해안지역 연약점토의 압축지수는 $C_c=0.74(e_o-0.7$로 나타낼 수 있다. (2) 경남해안지역 연약점토의 압축지수와 팽창지수와의 관계는 $C_s=(1/8-1/15)C_c$이다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2017

2014년 9월부터 2015년 8월까지 국내 9개 지점에서 채집된 Anguilla japonica 454개체의 생물학적 특성을 조사한 결과, silvering index (SI) 구분과 GSI의 차이가 큰 pseudo-silver eel이 소양호에서 2개체(PS1~PS2)와 금강하구에서 1개체(PS3)가 확인되었다. Pseudo-silver eel은 외부형태 기준으로는 S2 단계였으나, GSI, 소화관지수 (Gut index) 및 안경지수 (Eye index)에서는 모두 yellow eel 단계인 Y1 및 Y2였고, 생식소발달단계와 난경에서도 Y2 단계였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.129-144
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to understand the community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates according to Growth Environment at 6 Palustrine Wetlands in a rural area. As growth environment factors, size, water depth, water inlet and water outlet, land-use and water environment was analyzed. Two years' quantitative collection of benthic macroinvertebrate was carried out, and it executed community analysis and ESB index calculation and also carried out twinspan, MDS and correlation analysis. As a result, the collected benthic macroinvertebrate was 1254 individuals with 3 Phylums, 6 Classes, 14 Orders, 35 Families, 52 Genera and 61 Species. Odonata and Coenagreionidae had the highest species and individuals. Dominance Index was 0.252~0.698, Diversity Index was 1.661~2.902, Evenness Index was 0.414~0.724, and Species Richness Index was 1.990~6.224. As a result of community analysis, when correlation analysis was executed, Dominance Index had the opposite tendency with Diversity Index and Evenness Index, which had the same tendency with the previous studies. When ESB Index was calculated, Grade 2 (polluted) had the highest species with 48 species (78.7%). It is determined from the Environmental quality evaluation and saprobity evaluation result according to ESB index that there is a need to revise environmental evaluation system more specifically. As a result of MDS analysis, the subject spots A and D had the highest similarity, and the subject spot E and D had a relatively high similarity. The life environment that is the closest related with species diversity is estimated by the land-use. As for number of Individual, it seems to have the closest relation with inlet, which is to be determined as a characteristics of Palustrine Wetland. Through such investigation, this study is expected to be utilized for various types of habitats including ecological pond and to be utilized for the increase of species diversity in rural areas.