• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.491-498
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• 1997

This Research has been made through the questionnaire(enquete) sent to parents whose children are under cerebral palsy treatment in the hospitals of Daejon, Daegu and Pusan area and in other social welfare organizations such as Korea C.P. Welfare institution and Social Welfare Corporation during the period of Februay to August 1997. Form this research, we have obtained following results : 1. Mostly, the blood type of parents of cerebral palsy children is "0" type in father side (24 persons : 30%) and "A" type in mother side(28 persons : 35%), 2. For their(parents) baby-delivery, it shows that the nature delivery was adoped in most cases i. e. 50 persons(62.5%). 3. The birth weight of cerebral palsy children appears to be less than 2.4Kg in most cases(24 persons : 30%) 4. Most of parents positively want to take a medical treatment for their children with hope, but parents of 5 patients(6.3%) have a negative attitude against medical treatment and its cure. 5. Parents of 25 patients (31.7%) appear to have a sense of shame about the fact that their children are C.P. patients. 6. The 65 parents(81.3%) are depending on medical treatment and physical therapy as a means of cure.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.435-452
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to see correlation between parental psychological control and volition control in mathematics learning of 6th grade of elementary school. This study has carried out a survey for 371 male and female students in 6th grade of elementary school in Gyeongnam. We analyzed the collected data statistically, and the results are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in the level of volition control in mathematics learning between male and female students. The level of volition control in mathematics learning was found to be higher in female groups than in male groups. Second, there was no significant difference in father and mother's psychological control level perceived by 6th grade elementary school students. Third, there was a significant negative correlation between parental psychological control and their children's level of volition control in mathematics learning. In this study, by examining the correlation between parental psychological control and volition control level in mathematics learning of elementary school students, the higher the parental psychological control, the lower the level of volition control of their children. So, that it is important to have a parenting attitude that respects their children's emotion and expression.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

This purpose of this study was to analyze the variables associated with the ethical consumption behavior of children consumers. This subjects were 431 elementary school students. PASW 18.0 was used for data processing to do frequency analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, children consumers tend to a little higher everyday ethical consumption behavior than others-oriented ethical consumption behavior. Second, as a result of analyzing ethical consumption behavior according to social economic variables, a high tendency of ethical consumption behavior was shown in groups that personality is extrovert and their household economic status is over upper middle class and father's age is higher. Third, the variables affecting ethical consumption behavior of children consumers were self-regulation ability, materialism, altruism, personality tendency, household economic status. Materialism had a negative effect but self-regulation ability, materialism, altruism, personality tendency, and household economic status had a positive effect.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.255-273
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of personality and respondent characteristics of Kinetic Family Drawing for young children. The subjects were 170 children(110 boys and 60 girls). The personal interview contained Personality Characteristic Test for young children(In-Sub Song, 1993) and Kinetic Family Drawing Test(Burns and Kaufman, 1982). Results of the test were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA by SAS program. Results are followings. First, chileren's sex and the general tendency of personal characteristic showed significant difference in the emotional personality among 4 personality characteristics. Girls show more positive tendency than boys in moral, physical, appearance and feature which expressed personal feeling and emotion. Also, girls showed more positive tendency than boys in personal characteristic which showed physical ability. Second, Children's sex and individual characteristic in Kinetic Family Drawing respondent characteristic showed significant difference in own's arm length. Also, Using a rare of paper and chapter 1 of the power among the family showed significant difference in styles and symbols. The boys drew lengther arms compared with their height than the girls. The girls were less complicative, anxious, comparative and aggressive for their family. Third, As a result of the study about the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and individual's behavior in Kinetic Family Drawing respondent characteristic, the significant difference is showed in academic personality and social personality had higher completion of their father's feature and drew bigger feet. In socal personality, negative behavior than positive children. Fourth, As a result of the study about the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and individual's characteristic, the significant difference were found in academic personality, social personality, family personality and emotional personality. Children with negative academic personality drew longer arms than children with positive academic personality, social personality and family personality. Also, Children with negative emotional personality drew more siblings than children with positive emotional personality. Fifth, The academic personality and the social personality had significant difference in the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and dynamics. In social personality, normal children were more tendencious to look at the important person with their mother's direction than positive children. Sixth, In terms of the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and mode, academic personality and family personality showed significant difference. Children with negative academic personality used more edge of papers than children with positive academic personality and children with positive academic personality and children with negative family personality fold more papers than children with positive family personality. At last, there were no significant difference between 4 personal characteristics of children and styles as well as symbols.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of behavior problems of military children in elementary school. Methods: Participants were 195 military children who were attending D-elementary school in C-city. Data were collected from July 8 to July 10, 2013, using self-report questionnaires which included Han's Externalized Behavior Problems Scale, Lee's Parent's Rearing Attitude Scale, and Hong's Friend/Teacher Support Appraisal Scale. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program, which included the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and the multiple liner regression analysis. Results: The mean score of the subjects' behavior problem was 1.47/5.0 points. The degree of the score is similar to or slightly lower than that of ordinary children. There were statistically significant differences in behavior problems according to gender, grade, birth order and economic status. Behavior problems have a negative correlation with parent's rearing attitude, parent-child relationship, teacher's support, and friend's support. Influencing factors of behavior problems were teacher's support, father-child relationship, and mother's rearing attitude, which explained 20.6% of the variance. Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests there is a need to increase teacher's support for elementary students and to educate parents to improve their parenting skills by developing proper school health programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1993

The purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To estimate the amounts of differences in service expenditures resulting from the effects of mother's marital and employment status. 2) To find out the relationship of socio-economic variables to expenditures for time-saving durables and services Data were taken from the 1988-1989 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The sample consisted of 2,216 families with 334 single-mother families and 1,792 married-mother families. Tobit regres-sion analyses were used to test of variables related to expenditures for (a) food away from home. (b) clothing care (c) child care (d) domestic services and (e) total services. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The percentage difference from non-employed married-mother families was higher for employed single-mother families than for other types of families indicating the positive effect on expenditures on market substitutes of mother's marital and employment status. 2) The father's wage rate was associated only with expenditures for domestic services. A positive relationship was found between family nonlabor income and domestic services Total family income was positively associated with expenditues for all dependent variables. There was a negative relationship between expenditures for child care and age of mother squared. Mother's education was associated with expenditures in all categories. Families of nonwhite spent less on time-saving durables. food away from home, and total services and spent more on apparel services than families of white mothers. The presence of young child was positively related to total services and child care services and negatively related to food away from home.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the influential factors of family function, parent-child communication, and family satisfaction on Korean adolescents game use. Methods: The participants were 940 adolescents in Seoul. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study variables were family function, parent-child communication, family satisfaction, and game use. Results: Game use was different by gender, age, time to spend in game during weekdays and weekend. Game use had significant negative correlations with family cohesion, family adaptability, communication with father, communication with mother, and family satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis showed that 20.3% of the game use was explained by gender, communication with mother, hours of playing games during weekdays, family adaptability, and hours of playing games during weekend. Conclusions: These results suggest that being male and lack of communication with mother, low family adaptability, game hours during weekdays and weekend can be potential risk factors for excessive game use in the adolescents, which should by considered in developing a prevention program for excessive game use focused on family factors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2001

The subjects were 349 high school boys and girls who were 10th and 11th graders in Seoul, Korea. Statistical analysis included percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. As a result, there were positive correlations between social support, stress reduction and increases in health behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of social support, stress, and adolescents health behavior showed that social support explained 26.3％ of the variance in health behavior, The more social support subjects experienced more health behavior level and the less the correlated stress level. In the area of demographic attributes, gender, height, weight, grade level, socioeconomic level of the parents, and stress were significantly correlated, grade levels, religion, socioeconomic level of parents and social support. sibling order, religion, socioeconomic level of the parents, parents education, occupation of father. and health behavior were statistically significant The findings indicated stress was a negative factor in health behavior, and social support was a positive factor in reducing stress and promoting health behavior. To reduce adolescents stress and to promote health behavior, we should endeavor to develop realistic social support programs.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to propose measure for the effects of perceived parenting attitudes and emotional problems on life satisfaction among adolescents in single parent families with the parent resource perspective. The study consisted of 230 first grade middle school students from single parent (living with either mother or father only) families in the 4th year panel (2013) of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI). All statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0. The findings of this study are as follows. First, lower levels of depression and aggression were found among adolescents who perceived parenting attitude as more affectionate. On the contrary, higher levels of depression and aggression were detected among adolescents who perceived parenting attitude as more intrusiveness. The more the inconsistent parenting practices perceived by adolescents, the higher the degree of depression. Second, a higher level of life satisfaction was found among adolescent who were more likely to perceive positive parenting attitudes including monitoring, affection and reasoning. However, there was no significant correlation between negative parenting behavior and life satisfaction. Third, a lower level of life satisfaction was observed among adolescent who were more likely to perceive emotional problems such as depression, aggression and social withdrawal. Fourth, according to the analysis on the effects of parenting attitudes and emotional problems on life satisfaction, affection parenting of all positive parenting styles and depression among emotional problems had an impact on life satisfaction. The more affectionate a parent is with his/her children in parenting, the lower the degree of depression in adolescents, and the lower degree of depression in adolescents, the higher degree of life satisfaction was found among adolescents from single parent households.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-368
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify parental factors associated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to June 2019 were identified through systematic search in 10 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, NDSL, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, and RISS). Standardized effect sizes were calculated to quantify the associations of parental factors with smartphone overuse in preschoolers using meta-analysis. Results: A total of 30 cross-sectional studies involving 7,943 participants met the inclusion criteria. The following were negatively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers: mother's parenting self-efficacy (r=-.35), mother-child attachment (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting behavior (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting attitude (r=-.25), and father's parenting involvement (r=-.15). Further, maternal factors such as smartphone addiction tendency (r=.41), parenting stress (r=.40), negative parenting behavior (r=.35), negative parenting attitude (r=.14), smartphone usage time (r=.26), employment status (r=.18), and age (r=.12) were positively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Conclusion: Several parental factors influence smartphone overuse in preschoolers. These findings emphasize the need to assess and enhance the parental factors identified in this study to prevent smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Accordingly, we recommend the development of preventive interventions to strengthen parent-related protective factors and mitigate risk factors.