• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2007

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) combined with time division multiplexing (TDM), in this paper called OFDM/TDM, can overcome the high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) problem of the conventional OFDM and improve the robustness against long time delays. In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of OFDM/FDM in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. channel is evaluated by computer simulation. It is shown that the use of frequency-domain equalization based on minimum mean square error criterion (MMSE-FDE) can significantly improve the BER performance, compared to the conventional OFDM, by exploiting the channel frequency-selectivity while reducing the PAPR or improving the robustness against long time delays. It is also shown that the performance of OFDM/FDM designed to reduce the PAPR can bridge the conventional OFDM and single-carrier (SC) transmission by changing the design parameter.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2007

The performance of dual diversity receivers operating over correlated Ricean fading channels is analyzed. Using a previously derived rapidly converging infinite series representation for the bivariate Ricean probability density function, analytical expressions for the statistics of dual-branch selection combining, maximal-ratio combining, and equal-gain combining output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. These expressions are employed to obtain novel analytical formulae for the average output SNR, amount of fading, average bit error probability, and outage probability. The proposed mathematical analysis is used to study various novel performance evaluation results with parameters of interest the fading severity, average input SNRs, and the correlation coefficient. The series convergence rate is also examined verifying the fast convergence of the analytical expressions. The accuracy of most of the theoretical performance evaluation results are validated by means of computer simulations.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.466-472
• /
• 2007

Single carrier block transmission with frequency domain equalization(SC-FDE) has been shown to be a promising candidate in ultra-wideband(UWB) communications. In this paper, we analyze the performance of SC-FDE over UWB communications with channel estimation error. The probability density functions of the frequency domain minimum mean-squared error(MMSE) equalizer taps are derived in closed form. The error probabilities of single carrier block transmission with frequency domain MMSE equalization under imperfect channel estimation are presented and evaluated numerically. Compared with the simulation results, our semi-analytical analysis yields fairly accurate bit error rate performance, thus validating the use of the Gaussian approximation method in the performance analysis of the SC-FDE system with channel estimation error.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1990

This paper investigates the significance and the implication of the pointer scheme, which was recently adapted by CCITT as a standard synchronization method in the broadband network-node interface environment, and discusses the merits of the pointer scheme in comparison with the conventional positive justification method. It also analyzes the jitter performance of the communication system employing the pointer scheme based on the fact that the pointer scheme corresponds to a multiple-bit positive/zero/negative justification.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 2007

A new low-voltage CMOS interface circuit with digital output for piezo-resistive transducer is proposed. An input current sensing configuration is used to detect change in piezo-resistance due to applied pressure and to allow low-voltage circuit operation. A simple 1-bit first-order delta-sigma modulator is used to produce an output digital bitstream. The proposed interface circuit is realized in a 0.35 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and draws less than 200 ${\mu}A$ from a single 1.5 V power supply voltage. Simulation results show that the circuit can achieve an equivalent output resolution of 9.67 bits with less than 0.23% non-linearity error.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2007

Alamouti space-time code (STC) is a part of the UMTS-WCDMA standard. However, up to the best of our knowledge no exact closed-form outage and bit error probability (BEP) formulas for this famous code exists. Evaluating its performance through simulations is time-consuming and therefore, there should be analytical performance graphs to serve as a reference which are derived in this paper for coherently MPSK-modulated data. Additionally, analytical results take into account different channel fading levels from transmit antennas to receive ones.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 2007

We analyze the performance of code division multiple access (CDMA) system with multicarrier (MC) that employs precoding in synchronous downlink channels. Even though considerable efforts are undergoing for frequency offset estimation and correction, it is inevitable for the system to bear the remaining frequency offset. Therefore it is important to predict accurately the system performance in the presence of the residual frequency offset. We obtain the bit error rate (BER) performance in terms of the number of users, the spreading factor, the number of sub-carriers, and frequency offset. We assume that the spreading factor is equal to the number of sub-carriers, although we can generalize the case. The simulation results show that the BER of MC-CDMA with precoding shows a performance that varies with frequency offset as well as system loading.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.152-159
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 스텝 크기(step size)를 자동적으로 조절함으로써 빠른 수렴비와 낮은 초과 MSE를 갖는 TS(Tagaki-Sugeno) 퍼지 모델과 ISI에 강하고 위상변화에 둔감한 CMA(constant modulus algorithm)를 접목시킨 새로운 퍼지 확률 기울기(Fuzzy Stochastic Gradient) 알고리즘을 제시하고 비이상적인 전송채널에 의해서 발생한 왜곡을 보상함으로써 수신 측에서 비트 검출 오류를 감소시키기 위하여 국내 지상파 디지털 TV의 표준으로 되어 있는 VSB 방식에 적용 가능한 등화기(equalizer)를 구현하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제31권9C호
• /
• pp.905-913
• /
• 2006

펄스 방식(Impulse radio)의 초광대역(Ultra-Wideband) 시스템의 타이밍 동기과정에서 획득/추적 과정이 이상적으로 수행되더라도 잔여 타이밍 오차는 존재하게 된다. 이러한 잔여 타이밍 오차는 시스템의 성능에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 상관 검출 수신기에서 미세 타이밍 오차를 보상하기 위해 보조신호(Reference signal)를 이용한 디지털 위상고정 루프(Digital Phase-Locked Loop)를 제시한다. 우선, 미세 타이밍 오차에 의한 비트에러률(Bit Error Rate:BER)의 성능 열화를 고찰한 후, 타이밍 추적기를 사용함으로써 타이밍 오차가 보상되는 과정과 보상 후 BER 성능을 제시한다. 그리고 타이밍 검출기는 보조신호와 수신신호간의 상관을 이용하는 방식이 제안되었으며 샘플링 주기는 프레임 단위로 이루어지도록 설계되었다. 또한, 본 논문은 성능비교를 위해 여러 종류의 가우시안 모노사이클 펄스에 대해 성능 평가를 수행한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제24권9A호
• /
• pp.1359-1371
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 기존의 폭주 회피형 명시율 트래픽 (Explicit Rate feedback) 스위치 알고리즘의 단점을 개선하여 버퍼의 수위와 변화율에 따라 동적으로 목표 이용률을 조장하여 링크 이용 효율을 향상시킨 효율적인 명시율 피드백 스위치 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 대표적인 명시율 피드백 스위치 알고리즘인 ERICA 스위치와 NIST 스위치의 성능을 분석하고, 제안된 명시율 피드백 스위치 알고리즘과 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 ER 피드백 스위치는 동적인 목표 이용률의 조정을 통하여 가용 대역폭의 변화에 빠른 전송률의 변화를 보였으며, 스위치의 최대 큐 길이를 줄여 버퍼 범람을 방지하면서도 매우 높은 링크 이용 효율을 보여 성능이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.