• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.2 s.57
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• pp.381-391
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• 1997

In an epidemiological study of metal workers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF), the prevalence time of Evolution, seasonal occurrence and clinical type of contact dermatitis were investigated. Compostional analysis of MWF with HPLC, dermatological examination and two consecutive questionnaire surveys were conducted. Study population was divided into two groups ; workers contact to cutting oil and workers contact to rust preventive oil. In the analysis of MWF, aliphatic hydrocarbons, having 12-20 carbons, was most common composition(49.04%) of cutting oil otherwise, major contents (90.99%) of the rust preventives oil were aliphatic hydrocarbons composed of 6-9 carbons. The frequency (point prevalence) of contact dermatitis(CD) was 7(12.7 per 100 subjects) in the dermatological examination of 55 workers. As the result of second survey for contact dermatitis, cumulative prevalence of oil working full-time and recent 1 year prevalence in two groups were 28.0, 16.7 and 15.1, 12.5 per 100 subjects. There were no difference in the prevalence of CD by oil, age, oil contact duration. Summer is the most common evolution season in workers exposed to cutting oil, but not in workers exposed to rust preventive oil. Major clinical type of CD was erythematous papules in both groups. It presents the importance of preventive measures that 51.1% suffer from contact dermatitis had medical care at their own expense, and 47.1% of them felt serious about their contact dermatitis. From the fact that 68.6% think cotton gloves protective apparatus, we emphasize the need for health education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.288-302
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the factors related to skipping breakfast in high school girls. Methods: A survey of a total of 581 high school girls residing in Incheon was conducted. The subjects were classified into 2 groups according to the breakfast frequency: "breakfast skipping" group (eating breakfast ≤ 2 times/week, n = 250) and "breakfast eating" group (eating breakfast ≥ 3 times/week, n = 331). This study compared the general characteristics, lifestyles, interest in weight control and beauty care, food habits, the reasons and symptoms of skipping breakfast, as well as the attitude toward breakfast between the 2 groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.5 years old. Approximately, 33.9%, 33.6%, and 32.5% of the subjects were in first grade, second grade, and third grade, respectively, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. The breakfast skipping group showed a high interest in weight control, and beauty care than the breakfast eating group. The breakfast skipping group consumed more afternoon snacks and late-night snacks, and ate dinner irregularly. Although the breakfast skipping group experienced the negative effects of skipping breakfast, they showed low recognition for the importance or role of breakfast. The most common reason for skipping breakfast was lack of time, which appears to be related to the late wake-up time and the time spent on make-up or beauty-care. Conclusion: Skipping breakfast by high school girls was related to a high interest in beauty care, irregular meals and low attitude toward the importance of breakfast for health and nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct nutrition education to change the perceptions and attitudes of female adolescents regarding the importance of breakfast by recognizing that breakfast can affect not only balanced nutrition and health, but also healthy physical beauty.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.473-480
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• 2005

Purpose: Adenosine myocardial perfusion SPECT has proven to be useful in the detection of coronary artery disease, in the follow up the success of various therapeutic regimens and in assessing the prognosis of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study is to define the reproducibility of myocardial perfusion SPECT using adenosine stress testing between two consecutive Tc-99m sestaMIBI (MIBI) SPECT studies in the same subjects. Methods: Thirty patients suspected of coronary artery disease in stable condition underwent sequential Tc-99m MIBI SPECT studies using intravenous adenosine. Gamma camera, acquisition and processing protocols used for the two tests were identical and no invasive procedures were performed between two tests. Mean interval between two tests were 4.1 days (range: 2-11 days). The left ventricular wall was divided into na segments and the degree of myocardial tracer uptake was graded with four-point scoring system by visual analysis. Images were interpretated by two independent nuclear medicine physicians and consensus was taken for final decision, if segmental score was not agreeable. Results: Hemodynamic responses to adenosine were not different between two consecutive studies. There were no serious side effects to stop infusion of adenosine and side effects profile was not different. When myocardial uptake was divided into normal and abnormal uptake, 481 of 540 segments were concordant (agreement rate 89%, Kappa index 0.74). With four-grade storing system, exact agreement was 81.3% (439 of 540 segments, tau b=0.73). One and two-grade differences were observed in 97 segments (18%) and 4 segments (0.7%) respectively, but three-grade difference was not observed in any segment. Extent and severity scores were not different between two studios. The extent and severity scores of the perfusion defect revealed excellent positive correlation between two test (r value for percentage extent and severity score is 0.982 and 0.965, p<0.001) Conclusion: Hemodynamic responses and side effects profile were not different between two consecutive adenosine stress tests in the same subjects. Adenosine Tc-99m sestaMIBI SPECT is highly reproducible, and could be used to assess temporal changes in myocardial perfusion in individual patients.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of the clozapine-induced seizures in partially restrained rats by concomitant treatment with drugs affecting monoaminergic systems. Partially restrained rats treated with acute single doses of 10mg/kg clozapine exhibited myoclonic jerks (MJs). Drugs affecting the monoaminergic systems, including 2mg/kg haloperidol, 5mg/kg propranolol, 2mg/kg ritanserin, 20mg/kg fluoxetine, and 20mg/kg imipramine, were concomitantly treated with clozapine to observe the effects of these drugs on the MJs. The drugs were given intraperitoneally either as acute single doses(haloperidol, propranolol, ritanserin, and fluoxetine) or as chronic doses for 21days(haloperidol, imipramine, ritanserin, and fluoxetine). The effects of the concomitant treatment of other drugs on the clozapine-induced MJs were evaluated by comparison of the total numbers of the MJs between the clozapine-treated and concomitantly treated groups. The results were as follows. 1) Concomitant treatment with acute single doses of haloperidol, propranolol, and fluoxetine reduced the total numbers of the clozapine-induced MJs, while concomitant treatment with ritanserin did not. 2) Concomitant treatment with chronic doses of imipramine and ritanserin increased the total numbers of the MJs, while concomitant treatment with fluoxetine reduced them. Concomitant chronic treatment with haloperidol did not affect the numbers of the MJs. These results suggest that dopamine and serotonin, not noradrenalin may be involved in the clozapine-induced MJs in partially restrained rats. Future research needs to study the function of each subtype of monoaminergic receptors on the mechanism of the clozapine-induced seizure.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2005

The purpose of this was to present the efficient directions of nutrition education for elementary school children. We examined the problems of eating habits. nutrition knowledge, and perception and expectations on nutrition education of elementary school children in school. This study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire and subjects were 562 elementary school children in Gyeonggi Province. All data in this research was analyzed through SAS program, and the frequency$(\%)$ and the $mean{\pm}S.D.$ on each question were calculated. Data for each group was analyzed according to sex and the difference among the groups were treated for significance by using chi-square test and Student t-test. About $87.6\%$ of the children have a meal over three times a day, and $76.7\%$ answered that they ate at a certain time regularly everyday. Only $69.6\%$ of subjects said that they ate breakfast everyday, showing very high levels of skipping breakfast. The most common frequency of eating snacks was 'once a day' in both sexes(male $52.2\%$, female $48.6\%$). In the perception on the eating habits, $69.3\%$ of children recognized problems on dieting habits, such as unbalanced diet. irregular eating time, and overeating. The perceived and correct knowledge of nutrition were $99.5\%$ and $86.9\%$, respectively. Most of the children$(99.1\%)$ acknowledged that nutrition education need to be carried out in school. And children want to deeply deal with 'cooking', 'growth and nutrition', 'good eating habits', 'nutrition and disease', These results indicated that elementary school children tended to have undesirable eating behaviors, but the rate of children who recognize the importance and the needs of nutrition education in school was high. Therefore, their parents and teachers need to perform continuous education through a curriculum and life instruction so that students have healthy habits by considering what the problems of nutrition habits are, as the elementary students considerably recognize problems of their own dietary habits and needs of nutrition education.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.51-86
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• 1998

$\bigcirc$ 재래닭 생산물의 소비 및 구매형태 등에 대한 조사에서 종합적인 결론은 최종 소비자의 응답자는 총 2,250명이었으며 연령, 성별, 직업, 거주지, 주거형태, 가족수, 소득분포등이 비교적 다양하게 분포되어 있다. 판매업소의 특성은 지역별, 매장면적, 업주연령, 성별, 경력등에서 매장위치는 약 60%가 농촌이고 관광지 21.3%, 도시 19.0%순이였으며 매장 면적은 10-30평이 66.9%, 경력은 3년이하 27.4%, 3-5년 22.7%, 5-10년 22.2%였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭고기의 소비형태에서 육류선호도는 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기 순이였으며 재래닭고기의 소비형태에서 전체 응답자의 64.4%가 먹어본 경험이 있었다. 주로 섭취시기는 74.5%가 여름철에 식구들과 같이 회식할 때 식사대용이나 부식용으로 섭취하였다. 소비자가 재래닭고기를 좋아하는 이유는 고기가 쫄깃쫄깃하여 씹는맛과 지방이 적으며 단백한 맛 때문에 독특해서 좋아한다고 하였으며, 싫어하는 이유는 너무 질기고 고기의 양이 너무 적다는 의견이 많았다. 선호하는 요리방법은 백숙, 삼계탕이었고 좋아하는 부위는 역시 다리부위였다. 재래닭고기의 섭취량에 대하여는 1회에 2인이 1마리를 먹는다가 36.4%, 3인이 1마리 31.8%로서 68.2%가 2-3인이 1마리를 먹는다고 하였으며, 가족구성원 중에는 가장이 제일 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. $\bigcirc$ 음식점에서 판매되는 요리한 재래닭의 1마리 가격에 대한 의견은 84.5%가 20,000원정도면 부담이 없이 먹겠다고 하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭의 구입행동에서 구입주체는 주부였으며, 구입장소는 농.축협의 슈퍼와 정육점이었고 백화점과 재래닭 사육장에서 직접구입도 하고 있었다. 구입 동기는 가족들이 좋아하고 영양가를 생각한다가 62%였으며 구입정보는 주위사람의 권유로 구입하고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 구입할 때 중점적으로 살펴보는 사항은 신선도와 순수재래종 여부, 위생상태였다. 한편 소비자가 언제나 구입할 수 없다는 의견이 85.2%나 되어 원활한 공급과 시장조성이 아직 정착되지 않고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 현재 유통되고 있는 재래종닭은 소비자 대부분이 잡종으로 인식하고 있었으며, 재래종과 일반육계와의 구별은 깃털색, 피부색, 정강이색등 외관상으로 구별하고 있었다. 체중에 대한 반응은 너무 작다는 의견이었고, 식품으로의 인식도는 비교적 고급식품으로 인식하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종닭고기의 브랜드화에 대한 견해는 젊고 소득이 높은 계층에서 브랜드화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 소비형태는 대부분의 소비자가 좋아하였으나 아직 먹어보지 못한 응답자가 많았다. 재래종달걀의 맛에 대해서는 고소하고 독특하여 차별성을 느끼고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입장소는 계란판매점(축협.농협), 슈퍼, 백화점, 재래닭 사육 농장등 다양하였으며 포장단위는 10개를 가장 선호하였고, 포장재료는 종이, 플라스틱, 짚의 순으로 좋아하였다. $\bigcirc$ 달걀의 가격은 200원정도를 적정하다고 하였으며, 크기는 (평균 52g)는 가장 적당하다고 인식하고 있으며, 난각색은 대부분의 응답자가 갈색을 선호하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입시 애로사항은 믿을수 없고, 구입장소를 몰라서, 값이 싸다 등이었고, 앞으로 신뢰할 수 있고 위생적인 생산 및 유통체계가 확립될 경우 더 많이 소비하겠다는 의견이었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭 판매업소(식당)의 판매형태는 66.7%인 대부분의 업소가 잡종과 개량종 유색닭을 판매하고 있었으며, 1개 업소에서 1일 판매수수는 5-10수의 영세한 판매형태였고, 계절적으로는 여름철에 대부분을 판매하였다. $\bigcirc$ 식당에서 판매하는 재래닭고기의 요리 종류는 주로 백숙이었고, 삼계탕, 닭볶음도 있었으며, 요리된 재래닭 1마리 가격은 20,000원 이상이었으며, 20,000원이하로 판매하는 잡종이 많았다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭 판매업소에서 재래닭을 구입하는 방법은 재래닭 사육농장에서 1회에 수십마리 구입하여 판매업소의 간이 사육장에서 기르면서 판매하는 업소가 49.6%, 도계된 재래닭을 구입하여 판매하는 업소 26.9%, 직접 재래닭을 사육하면서도 도계하여 판매하는 업소가 21.7%였다. 판매업소에서의 재래닭 사육기간은 90일 이상이었으며 대부분의 업주는 야산에서 방사한 것을 좋게 생각하고 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to monitor the safety of red ginseng products in Gwangju, in 2010. Among 100 samples, 37 were beverages, 5 were functional health foods on the market, and 58 were beverages from a tailor-made shop. All samples were negative for coliform bacteria. Aerobic plate counts were detected from 13 samples in the 58 tailor-made products but not detected in the other types of products. Benzoic acid was detected in 5 samples (range, 19.2-543.0 mg/kg). Among heavy metals, lead was detected, ranging from 28.8-62.3 ${\mu}g/kg$, cadmium, from 1.15-4.18 ${\mu}g/kg$, and mercury from 0.10-0.18 ${\mu}g/kg$. Benzopyrene was not detected in any samples. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were detected in 0.1-23.4 mg/90 mL of beverages and 12.1-66.8 mg/90 mL of functional health foods. These results indicate that red ginseng products are safe in terms of microbial contaminants and hazardous chemical compounds such as heavy metals and benzopyrene.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1996

This study was conducted in an attempt to grasp the health problems and environmental situation of the farmers and their vinyl houses. The study was done between Aug. 10, 1995 and Sep. 10, 1995, for one month period. with two hundred and nine vinyl house cultivation farmers chosen at random as subjects in five areas in and around Kim Chun City. The following are the results of the study carried out through direct interviews and surveys with the subjects : 1. The career of farming on vinyl house facilities by sex(male vs female) averages 17.29 and 15.08 years is shorter than that of general farmer's average of 31.24 and 25.58 years(P<0.05). Hours of labor between the two are silimar : monthly labor hours for vinyl house farmers are average 28 and 27.52 days. longer than the general farmers' average of 26.57 and 25.95 hours respectively. 2. The comp aints of physical symptoms among the vinyl house farmers range from lumbago, shoulder pain dullness in the limbs and dizziness, which show no remarkable differences from those of general farmers. 3. The frequency of application of chemicals on vinyl house forming for a period of one year averages 23.79, three times as often as the general farmer's average or 8.36(P<0.05). In the addiction rate of chemicals, too, the vinyl house farmer stowed a higher percentage of $9.09\%$ over the general farmer's $1.24\%$(P<0.01). 4. In temperature, humidity and disconfort indices of in and outside of the vinyl house, room temperature is on an average $34.6{\pm}5.05^{\circ}C,\;11.7^{\circ}C$ higher than that of outside, while in humidity inside was lower than outside by $10.6\%$ point, $65.9\%$ over $76.5\%$. The discomfort index was higher inside by $83{\pm}4.61\;vs\;70.64{\pm}5.61$. 5. The status of physical treatment over the past one year shows : for vinyl house farmers-physiotheraphy$(43.06\%)$, pharmacy$(24.04\%)$, clinic(18.66%), herbal medicine(574%) : for general farmers-pharmacy$(34.16\%)$, Physiotherapy$(27.33\%)$, Clinic$(18.63\%)$, Folk Medicine$(11.18\%)$ (P<0.01).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 1996

Purpose : To assess the efficacy of high dose rate - intracavitary radio-therapy (HDR-ICR) in the radiotherapy of FIGO stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix and to determine the optimum dose combination scheme of external radiotherapy and ICR to achieve acceptable local control without severe complication. Materials and Methods : One hundred and sixty two patients with FIGO stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix who received definitive radiotherapy between May 1979 and December 1990 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received external radiotherapy combined with HDR-ICR. External dose of 40-46 Gy in 4.5-5 weeks was given to whole pelvis(median 45 Gy) and ICR dose of 30-39 Gy in 10-13 times was given to the point A. Midline shielding was done after 20-45 Gy of external radiotherapy(median 40 Gy) Summation of external dose Plus ICR dose to the point A range were 64.20-95.00 Gy. and mean was 83.94 Gy. We analyzed the local control rate, survival rate, and late complication rate. Rusults : Initial complete response rate was $99.4\%$ for all patients. Overall 5-year survival rate was $91.1\%$ and 5-year disease free survival rate was $90.9\%$. Local failure rate was $4.9\%$ and distant failure rate was $4.3\%$. Tumor size was the only significant prognostic factor. When tumor size greater than 3cm, 5-rear survival rate was $92.6\%$ and less than 3cm, that was $79.6\%$. Late complication rate was $23.5\%$ with $18.5\%$ of rectal complication and $4.9\%$ of bladder complication. Mean rectal dose summation of external midline dose plus ICR rectal point dose was lower in the patients without rectal complication(74.88 Gr) than those with rectal complication (78.87 Gy). Complication rate was increased with low rate of improvement of survival rate when summation of external midline dose plus point A or point R dose by ICR was greater than 70-75 Gy. Conclusion : The definitive radiation therapy using high dose rate ICR in FIGO stage IB uterine cervical cancer is effective treatment modality with good local control and survival rate without severe complication.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.207-217
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to garner useful information through a comparative analysis of health behaviors and health states between the young-old and old-old elderly in a rural Korean area. Methods: We define the young-old elderly as those 65 to 74 years of age, and the old-old as those over 70. The survey was administered in October and November of 2009 at senior citizen centers in Sangju City, Kyongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The number of subjects surveyed approximated the demographics of the aged population of the administrative district of centers of 24 eup, myeon, and dong. Results: Compared with the young-old elderly, the old-old were vulnerable to population sociological characteristics. While there were many cases of contraction of diseases, only a small percentage of old-old elderly were engaged in regular exercise. In addition, the old-old elderly lagged behind the young-old in terms of physical activity, mental and oral health, hearing, and vision. Conclusions: The vulnerability of the old-old elderly in terms of physical and mental health needs to be acknowledged as various characteristics of the elderly that appears according an age group. A variety of disease prevention and health promotion programs that focus on the health behavior and status of the young-old and old-old elderly need to be developed and put into practice.