• BMB Reports
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2024

DNA methylation is one of the most extensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, known to play crucial roles in various organisms. It has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin changes, ranging from global alterations during cell state transitions to locus-specific modifications. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is produced by a major oxidation, from 5-methylcytosine (5mC), catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, and is gradually being recognized for its significant role in genome regulation. With the development of state-of-the-art experimental techniques, it has become possible to detect and distinguish 5mC and 5hmC at base resolution. Various techniques have evolved, encompassing chemical and enzymatic approaches, as well as third-generation sequencing techniques. These advancements have paved the way for a thorough exploration of the role of 5hmC across a diverse array of cell types, from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to various differentiated cells. This review aims to comprehensively report on recent techniques and discuss the emerging roles of 5hmC.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.35-37
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• 1986

수세대의 계대동육에 의해서도 휴면란이 얻어지지 않는 열대성 다화성 누에의 품종보존을 위한 사육회수를 줄이고자 다화성 누에씨(MR, SPT, HM)의 냉장적기, 냉정적온 및 냉장가능기간을 부화비율을 지표로 하여 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 5$^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 냉장한 MR과 SPT의 부화비율은 2일영난냉장구에서 가장 높았고(약 80%), 7일영난냉장구에서 가장 낮았다(5% 이하). 2. 2일영의 HM누에씨를 -2.5, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5$^{\circ}C$의 각 온도에 15일-60일간 냉장하여 부화비율을 조사한 결과, 30일 냉장에는 $0^{\circ}C$가 적합하며(91%), 60일 냉장에는 2.5$^{\circ}C$가 적합하였다.(61%) 3. 이상의 결과로부터 다화성 누에의 품종보존을 위해서는 산란 후 2일 경과한 누에씨를 2.5$^{\circ}C$에서 50-60일간 냉장함으로서 연중계대동육회수를 반감시킬 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2012

시판 3사의 A, B 및 C 제품의 시판 딸기잼과 제조방법을 달리하여 직접 제조한 수제 딸기잼 즉 상압잼(HM-AP)과 감압잼(HM-RP) 등 5가지 딸기잼을 대상으로 총당, pH, 총산, 총 폴리페놀, 안토시아닌, 색도, 물성 및 관능검사를 실시하였다. 총당은 62.33~68.33 $^{\circ}Brix$이었고, pH는 3.59~3.78 범위였으며, 총산은 0.51~1.01으로 나타났다. 딸기잼의 색도 중 명도(L)은 11.02~14.80, 적색도(a)는 3.91~13.68로 상압잼이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 색소 성분인 총 폴리페놀 함량은 시판 잼 A, B, C의 경우 56.10, 97.59 및 105.85 mg GAE/100 g, 상압잼과 감압잼의 경우 각각 156.13, 189.94 mg GAE/100 g로 조사되었다. 안토시아닌 함량은 시판 잼 A, B, C의 경우 1.51, 0.95 및 0.80 mg/100 g, 상압잼과 감압잼의 경우 각각 2.64, 9.16 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 감압잼은 총 폴리페놀과 안토시아닌 함량에 있어 다른 잼에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 물성 중 경도는 $5.67{\times}10^3$ (HM-AP 잼)~$41.91{\times}10^3$ (B 잼) dyne/$cm^2$, 젤리강도는 40.08 (HM-AP 잼)~180.33 (B 잼) dyne, 파단응력은 83.84 (C 잼)~302.93 (B 잼) g 이었다. 관능검사로 색, 향, 단맛, 신맛, 발림성 및 종합적 기호도를 조사한 결과 HM-RP 잼이 다른 잼에 비해서 평점이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 색의 평점은 6.95로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성을 나타내는 DPPH 라디칼소거능은 A, B, C, 상압잼 및 감압잼 각각 44.27, 41.70, 53.06, 69.08, 73.21% 였다. 본 결과는 저산소 가공기술을 이용하여 감압하에서 저온에서 제조한 HM-RP 딸기잼은 폴리페놀화합물의 산화 안정화로 총 폴리페놀과 안토시아닌 등 그 함량이 다른 잼에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.609-618
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• 2014

DNA methylation at cytosines (5mC) is a major epigenetic modification involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes in mammals. How methylation is reversed was until recently poorly understood. The family of dioxygenases commonly known as Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins are responsible for the oxidation of 5mC into three new forms, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Current models link Tet-mediated 5mC oxidation with active DNA demethylation. The higher oxidation products (5fC and 5caC) are recognized and excised by the DNA glycosylase TDG via the base excision repair pathway. Like DNA methyltransferases, Tet enzymes are important for embryonic development. We will examine the mechanism and biological significance of Tet-mediated 5mC oxidation in the context of pronuclear DNA demethylation in mouse early embryos. In contrast to its role in active demethylation in the germ cells and early embryo, a number of lines of evidence suggest that the intragenic 5hmC present in brain may act as a stable mark instead. This short review explores mechanistic aspects of TET oxidation activity, the impact Tet enzymes have on epigenome organization and their contribution to the regulation of early embryonic and neuronal development.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2011

Twenty six microorganisms were isolated from soil and horse manure samples from in Iowa, U.S. Microorganisms were cultivated and screened by using plate count agar (PCA) at $35^{\circ}C$ containing 1% (w/v) oat spelt xylan instead of glucose. The xylanase activities of bacterial strains were analyzed by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar by DNS method. All isolated strains were characterized as the rod form and gram positive strains. Among the isolated strains, the HM6 strains gave the highest xylanase activity. This strain was identified as Bacillus pumilus HM6 by 16S rDNA sequence, morphological and biochemical analysis. Optimal culture temperature and initial medium pH for B. pumilus HM6 were $30-35^{\circ}C$ and pH 6-7, respectively. The maximum xylanase activity of 6879 IU/mL was obtained after growth of HM6 with 1% (w/v) oat spelt xylan at $35^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. Studies on enzymatic properties showed that the optimum conditions for the highest xylanase activity were $60^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0. In addition, xylanase activity was stable over 2 hours at $50^{\circ}C$, whereas activity decreased after 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2001

Neutropenia is a major dose-limiting side effect of cancer chemotherapy. The therapeutic effect of HM 10411 was examined on neutropenia caused by anticancer agents. Neutropenia in normal ICR mice was induced by a single combined intraperitoneal injection of 130 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CPA). 4.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DXR). and 1 mg/kg of vincristine (VCR) on day O. Neutropenia in tumor-bearing mice was made by a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CPA) into BALB/c mice bearing Colon 26 adenocarcinoma at 7 day after tumor implantation. HM 10411 or filgrastim (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day) was subcutaneously administered for 5 consecutive days starting 1 day after injection of anticancer agents in order to stimulate neutrophil production. Injection of HM 10411 accelerated the recovery from these anticancer drug-induced neutropenia. In normal and tumor-bearing mice. neutrophil production efficacy of HM 10411 was similar than that of filgrastim. These results suggest that HM 10411 could be useful in the clinical treatment for neutropenia induced by anticancer agents.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1988

Uridine phosphorylase 효소의 강력한 억제제로 개발된 유리딘 비고리핵산들(Benzylacyclouridine: BAU, HM-BAU, suc-BAU, BBAU, HM-BBAU, suc-BBAU, and BBBAU)이 uridine,의 사람 적혈구 내로의 수송(Zero-trans influx)에 미치는 영향에 관하여 rapid sampling technique을 이용하여 고찰하였다. 이 실헙에서 유리딘-비고리핵산들은 parent compounds인 BAU, BBAU와 같이 uridine 수송에 상경적인 억제작용을 보였다. 그러나 suc-BBAU와 BBBAU는 비상경적인 억제요소도 나타냈다. Uridine 수송억제제로서 효력의 크기는 $BBAU{\sim}HM-BBAU{\sim}suc-BBAU>BAU{\sim}suc-BAU{\sim}HM-BAU$이었으며, 그 억제상수는 각각 19, 23, 38, 112, 124, 174 그리고 $176\;{\mu}M$이었다. 본 실험 결과에서는 uridine 수송에 있어서 BAU의$C_5$ 자리의 친지방성 치환 group의 크기에 따라 억제효력이 다른 것이 시사되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.602-607
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• 2010

어수리의 실용적인 활용방법을 모색하기 위하여 어수리 분말을 첨가하여 생면을 제조하고. 이들 면의 품질특성과 저장성을 비교 검토하였다. 어수리 분말의 첨가량이 증가 할수록 국수의 중량, 부피 및 수분흡수율이 감소하였다. 어수리 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 국수 국물의 탁도와 조리중 고형분 손실량이 대조구에 비해 낮았다. 어수리 분말 첨가에 의해 생면의 명도(L)와 적색도(a)는 감소하였으며, 황색도(b)는 증가하였다. 어수리 분말 첨가에 의해 국수의 기호성은 증가하였으며, 0.6%첨가 국수가 기호성 즉 맛, 조직감, 종합적기호도에서 가장 우수하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 어수리 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 전자공여능은 대조구 22%, 어수리 분말 0.6%와 0.9%첨가구는 각각 40.22%와 49.42%이었다. 저장 중 미생물의 변화는 저장 6일째까지 대조구와 첨가구(0.3 - 0.6%)간에 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 저장 12일째 대조구, 0.3% 그리고 0.6%첨가구는 $10^6$ CFU/mL이었으나, 어수리 분말 0.9%첨가 국수는 $10^3$ CFU/mL이었다. 저장 중 pH의 변화는 대조구와 0.3%, 0.6%첨가구는 유사하였으나 0.9% 첨가구는 전 저장기간 동안 pH의 변화가 지연되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2016

The aim of this research was to evaluate: 1) the fatty acid profile of ten muscles from high marbled (HM, quality grade 1⁺⁺) and low marbled (LM, quality grade 2) Hanwoo carcass, 2) the relationship between the fatty acid profile and sensory traits. There were significant (p<0.001) differences in fat content and fatty acid composition among the 10 muscles obtained from HM and LM Hanwoo steers. The proportions of SFA (saturated fatty acid), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) were significantly (p<0.001) different among the 10 muscles due to differences in all fatty acids except eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). The high-fat muscles had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the low-fat muscles (p<0.001). LM muscles had a significantly (p<0.05) higher proportion of SFA than HM muscles due to a higher proportion of stearic acid (C18:0). On the contrary, HM muscles had a significantly (p<0.01) higher proportion of MUFA than LM muscles due to higher oleic acid (C18:1n-9) proportion. SFA had a significant correlation with CIE a* (r=0.281; p<0.01) and drip loss (%) (r=−0.233; p<0.001). Cooking loss (%) had a significantly (p<0.05) negative correlation with PUFA (r=−0.233; p<0.05). Overall palatability was positively correlated with SFA (r=0.262; p<0.01), but negatively correlated with PUFA (r=−0.567; p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between oleic acid and any of the sensory traits (p>0.05).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of HM1041l-lyo and HM10411-liq (lyophilized and liquid formulations of rhG-CSF, recently under development by Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company) were studied in rats, and compared with that of Filgrastim (conventional formulation of rhG-CSF on market). The plasma concentration of rhG-CSF was quantified using a specific ELISA. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rhG-CSF, after i.v., i.m. and s.c. administration of Filgrastim, HM1041l-lyo and HM1041l-liq to rats at a rhG-CSF dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$, were almost identical among the three formulations. No dose-dependency was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of rhG-CSF following i.v. administration in the dose range of $5{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/kg$. rhG-CSF, after i.v. administration of the three preparations at a dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$ to rats, was detected at low levels in all of the body tissues with highest tissue/plasma ratio of $0.46{\sim}0.51$ for the kidney at 30 min after the administration. The pharmacokinetics of rhG-CSF, after i.v. administration to mice at a dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$, were comparable among the three formulations. In conclusion, HM10411-lyo and HM10411-liq exhibited similar pharmacokinetics for rhG-CSF with Filgrastim regandless of animal species. Considering the fact that HM10411 series, contrary to Filgrastim, are proteins lacking a methionine residue, the methionine moiety in rhG-CSF molecule does not appear to influence the pharmacokinetics of the protein significantly.