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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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Detecting DNA hydroxymethylation: exploring its role in genome regulation

  • Sun-Min Lee (Department of Physics, Konkuk Univeristy)
  • Received : 2023.12.15
  • Accepted : 2024.02.01
  • Published : 2024.03.31
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Abstract

DNA methylation is one of the most extensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, known to play crucial roles in various organisms. It has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin changes, ranging from global alterations during cell state transitions to locus-specific modifications. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is produced by a major oxidation, from 5-methylcytosine (5mC), catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, and is gradually being recognized for its significant role in genome regulation. With the development of state-of-the-art experimental techniques, it has become possible to detect and distinguish 5mC and 5hmC at base resolution. Various techniques have evolved, encompassing chemical and enzymatic approaches, as well as third-generation sequencing techniques. These advancements have paved the way for a thorough exploration of the role of 5hmC across a diverse array of cell types, from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to various differentiated cells. This review aims to comprehensively report on recent techniques and discuss the emerging roles of 5hmC.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Sun-Min Lee is supported by the Brain Pool programme funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (2022H1D3A2A02063272).

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