• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4401-4404
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• 2016

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition in gynecologic cancer patients using the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 gynecologic cancer patients who never had any treatment but were planned for surgery were enrolled. The patients were asked to complete the scored PG-SGA form before the treatment was started. Attending physicians were also asked to complete other information in the PG-SGA form. Total scores were calculated and the patients were classified into 3 nutritional status levels. Results: Mean age was 54 years. Postoperative diagnoses were endometrial cancer in 42 cases (43.2%), ovarian cancer in 29 cases (29.9%), and cervical cancer in 26 cases (26.8%). Mean PG-SGA score was 5.2+4.7. Malnutrition (PG-SGA B and C) was found in 52 patients (53.6%, 95% CI 43.7% - 63.2%). Preoperative BMI, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and cancer stage were not significantly associated with nutritional status. Malnutrition was significantly more common among patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer, compared to other types of cancer (79.3% vs. 42.6%, p 0.004). Conclusions: Prevalence of malnutrition among gynecologic cancer patients was 53.5%, according to the scored PG-SGA. Malnutrition was significantly more common among patients with ovarian cancer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 1993

Temperature effects on the grain filling of winter barley(CV. Gangbori, Olbori and Suwon 18) were studied in controlled environments under three day /night temperature regimes (viz. 25/20, 20/15 and 15/10$^{\circ}C ) and at three stages of development, viz. Vegetative, spike development and grain filling stages. Physiological maturity times to the temperature regimes were observed at 53 to 57 days after heading at 15/10$^{\circ}C , 43 to 45 days and 32 to 33 days at 20/15$^{\circ}C and 25/5$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. When plants were grown in 25/20$^{\circ}C during the spike development stages, the number of spikes per plant and grains per spike decreased by 39% and 41% respectively compared with 20/15$^{\circ}C of day / night temperature. The effect of high temperature on grain weight was not significant in all growth phases except post-anthesis where grain weight decreased by 30%. Therefore, the most important temperature effects were round during the spike development stages.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2019

The anticancer activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extract (GLE) occurs via the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the mechanism behind GLE-induced apoptosis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the apoptotic effects and mechanism of action of GLE in cultured HepG2 cells. The results showed that GLE induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$). Moreover, GLE increased the expression of apoptotic pathway proteins, such as the cleaved forms of caspase-3, -8, and -9; the translocation of Bax and cytochrome c (cyt-c) from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and the downregulation of Bcl-2. In addition, p53 protein expression was increased upon GLE treatment. These observations indicate that the GLE-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells is mediated by mitochondrial ROS generation, followed by caspase activation and cyt-c release, suggesting that GLE may be a promising candidate for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of liver cancers.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

We review the well known analogizes between variations and harmonic maps. Second section contains rapid summary of the harmonic maps. In the third section we establish some basic properties of the Laplacian on Sphere. In particular we compute its spectrum and eigenfunctions.

• IT SoC Magazine
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• s.19
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• pp.24-28
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• 2007

올해 44회를 맞이한 DAC(Design Automation Conference)는 6월 4일부터 8일까지 5일간 캘리포니아 샌디에고에서 개최되었다. 이번 DAC에도 샌프란시스코에서 열렸던 43회 DAC와 마찬가지로 인텔, IBM, ARM, Sun Microsystems 등 첨단 SoC/IP 설계회사와 Cadence, Synopsys 등 EDA 개발회사, 그리고 TSMC, UMC 등 유수의 파운드리회사들이 참가하였다. 전시회 참여업체는 약 250여개로 예년보다 약간 증가하였고 총 참관객수는 11,000여명으로 다소 줄어들었다. 하지만 국내 참여업체 관계자들은 참관객들의 질적인 수준이 작년 DAC보다 더 높아 제품을 홍보하고 관련 업계 사람들과 정보를 교환하기에 더없이 좋은 기회였다고 평가했다. 또한 이번 DAC 컨퍼런스는 총 10개 트랙, 53개의 세션들이 진행되었으며 약 161개의 논문이 발표되어 매우 역동적인 기술교류가 이루어졌다. 여기에서는 44th DAC의 주요 이슈와 전시회에 참여하였던 국내 SoC업체들의 제품에 대해 살펴 보고자한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.997-1001
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• 2013

Background: Lymphangiogenesis, assessed as lymphovascular density (LVD), is the initial step of generalized tumor lymphovascular invasion (LVI). It also involves VEGF-C as the most important protein family. Lymphangiogenesis among breast cancer cases correlations with several clinicopathological factors are important to determine prognosis and treatment strategies, but results have been controversial and require clarification. Aim: To define correlations between VEGF-C expression, LVD and LVI with several clinicopathological parameters from Indonesian breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, a total of 48 paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Indonesia were assessed for VEGF-C expression, LVD and LVI by immunohistochemistry. Correlations of these markers with clinicopathological parameters like patient age, tumor size, lymph node status, grade, ER/PR and Her-2 status, cell proliferation and p-53 expression were investigated by linear analysis. Correlations of VEGF-C expression and LVI with several clinicopathological parameters were analyzed with Coefficient Contingency Chi-Square test. Results: The mean of patients age was 53.0 year, pre and post-menopausal patients accounting for 56.3% and 43.8%, respectively. Some 10.4% were well, 41.7% moderate and 47.9% poorly differentiated. ER positivity was evident in 50% while PR and Her-2 positivity was found in 31.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Breast cancer cells with over-expression of p-53 was 64.6% and with high cell proliferation was 56.3%. Lymph node metastasis was noted in 63.5%, and LVI in 72.9%. Significant correlations were found between LVD and tumor size (p:0.037), grade (p:0.000), lymphnode status (p:0.036), LVI (p:0.003), as well as with p-53 and cell proliferation. There were also significant correlation of VEGF-C (p:0.011) and LVI (p:0.001) with tumor grade. Only ER status was found to have a correlation with tumor size (p:0.027). Conclusions: This study suggested that in Indonesian breast cancer patients, lymphangiogenesis is correlated with tumor size, grade, lymph node status and tumor lymphovascular invasion, the latter also being related with p-53 over expression and high cell proliferation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.122-133
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• 1996

As ciarette smoking adversely affects vitamin C metabolism in humans, smokers need substantially more vitamin C intake than do non-smokers to achieve similar serum vitamin C concentration. To provide the basic information currently available for the determination of vitamin C requirement for Korean smokers, we investigated the differences the serum vitamin C values between smokers(n=53) and non-smokers(n=62) in relation to their intake of the vitamin through diet in 115 male college students, who had not been using vitamin C supplements. Dietary intakes of vitamin C were determined by a 24-hour recall, and serum vitamin C was determined using the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. The mean vitamin C intakes of smokers and non-smokers were consuming less than 75% of the Koeran RDA for vitamin c in their diet. Smokers consumed yellow and green leafy vegetables more often (P=0.02) and fresh fruits less often(P=0.006) than non-smokers. The mean serum vitamin C concentration of smokers consuming the same amounts of vitamine C as non-smokers, 64.3 umol/1, were 20% lower than for non-smokers, 80.1 umol/l(P<0.05). The risk of low serum vitamin C concentration (LoC) among smokers were 3.8% compared with 1.6% in non-smokers, and the odd ratio for LoC risk was 2.43. There were no correlations between dietary and serum vitamin C for smokers and non-smokers. It was concluded that smokers might require at least 20% more vitamin C to reach the same concentration comparable to non-smokers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1482-1485
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• 2007

In this study, extraction yield of ginseng and contents of phenolic compounds were increased through enzyme and heat treatment, and antioxidant activities of each treatment group were investigated. In the case of enzyme treatment groups, the extraction yields showed remarkable difference: pectinase (76.0%)> cellulase (44.7%)> ${\alpha}-amylase$ (43.1%)> protease (34.3%). Heat treatment groups did not show much difference in extraction yields $(51.1{\sim}53.1%)$ except for $90^{\circ}C-treated$ group (48.7%). Pectinase-treated group (2.21%) and $90^{\circ}C$ heat treatment group (2.34%) showed the highest total phenol contents. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the solvent-treated, enzyme-treated and heat-treated extracts were $12.3{\sim}33.2%$, $29.7{\sim}40.3%$ and $57.8{\sim}75.2%$, respectively, at 100 mg/mL concentration. The pectinase-treated extract exhibited the greatest ABTS radical scavenging activity (60%), followed by $150^{\circ}C$, $ 120^{\circ}C$, and $90^{\circ}C-treated$ groups.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.414-418
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• 2006

The physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of Jinyangju, a Korean traditional rice wine brewed using unique glutinous rice, were investigated over the following range of fermentation temperatures: 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. The pH value, total acidity, total sugar content, alcohol content and color value of the Jinyangju were determined after the 2-week fermentation, followed by sensory evaluation of the final product. After fermentation for 2 weeks at temperatures of 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, the final pH values were 3.70, 3.73, 3.40 and 3.26, the final total acidities were 1.04, 1.01, 1.39 and 1.72%, the final total sugar contents were 6.43, 6.22, 5.91 and 5.53% and the final alcohol contents were 14.20, 14.17, 14.83 and 15.40%, respectively. The color value of the Jinyangju was not different among the samples. In conclusion, the Jinyangju fermented at $15^{\circ}C$ showed the highest values in such sensory properties as color, flavor and odor, and was judged in the sensory evaluation to be the overall favorite.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the clinical presentations of symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 children aged <20 years who showed either positive C. difficile culture or C. difficile toxin test results between June 2010 and April 2014. Results: Of the 43 patients (mean age 6.7 years), 22 were boys. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed both positive C. difficile culture and toxin test results. Seventeen out of 43 children (39.5%) had preexisting gastrointestinal diseases, and 26 children had other medical conditions that were risk factors for CDI. Twenty-eight children had a history of antibiotic treatment for >3 days, and the most frequently prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin-clavulanate (35.7%). Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with CDI despite taking probiotic supplements, most commonly Lactobacillus acidophilus (53.6%). The most common symptom was diarrhea (72.1%) at the time CDI was diagnosed. C. difficile was eradicated in 11 patients (25.6%) after treatment with oral metronidazole for 10-14 days, and in the two patients (4.6%) who required two courses of oral metronidazole. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed clinical improvement without any treatment. Conclusion: This study showed the various clinical characteristics of CDI in children and that preexisting clinical conditions favored the development of CDI. In addition, CDI was found to occur in a number of patients even after probiotic prophylaxis given in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.