• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1977

This study was designed to evaluate the changes and improvements in the Korean diet during the last thirty years (since independence in 1945), and to make recommendations for the improvement of their nutritional status, consequently contributing to the physical and mental welfare of the Korean people. The results and recommendations are as follows: 1. The total calorie and carbohydrate intake decreased by $8{\sim}12%$ in the 1970's, as compared with the 1940's and the 1950's. 2. The intake of calcium and vitamiu A increased $30{\sim}50%$ and $20{\sim}60%$ respectively in the 1960's and 1970's as compared with the 1940,s. But this intake level is still lower than the RDA values. 3. The vitamin C intake was somewhat higher in the mountainous and farming areas than in urban areas. 4. In the 1970's, the decrease of untriend intake due to seasonal variation was marked especially for protein, niacin, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin C. 5. The consumption of protein foods (meats and legumes) increased in an amount of $15{\sim}36g$ per day. There was a marked increase in the intake of meat in farming areas and of milk in urban areas in the 1970's. This increased intake of animal proteins is a very desirable dietary change. 6. The cereal consumption was lowest in urban areal, but there was a general decrease in the intake of the cereal group in the entire area in the 1970's. For the farmers, the intake of cereal food decreased most, from 750 g to 576 g, but cereals still composed a high proportion of the entire diet. 7. Fruits and vegetables showed the highest intake for the urban people, as expected. For the whole area, this food group showed an increase of 8.7% in the 1970's, as compared with the 1960's. 8. The gradual ihcrease in the intake of the fats and oil group was a desirable dietary change. but the absolute amount was too low. 9. A 7% increase in height and a 9% incrrase in weight for growing children and adolescents was observed in the 1970's as compared with the 1940's, but several kinds of deficiency diseases, such as nutritional anemia and dental caries were still apparent in many areas. 10. To improve cur food life and to cope with food shortages faced in Korea, an efficient and nationwide nutrition education program should be implemented. This would maximize efficiency of intake from the limited food sources for a balanced diet. 11. As it is of utmost importance to provide growing children with a desirable physical, sccial mental, and especially nutritional environment, a well-planned and organized school feeding program should be practiced widely and efficiently. 12. Young mothers and pregnant women should be educated on the importance of their children's nutrition, especially for the critical fetal and infancy periods. 13. More thorough and continuous nutritional survey studies on the changes in dietary patterns for the entire nation should be pursued, evaluated and documented. This would Provide a good information guide for future nutritional study programs. 14. It is the nutritionistist's strong desire that national leaders, especially decision makers recognize the fact that improvement of the nutritional status of the People is one of the most economic and preventative ways of improving their physical and mental health. This is closely related to the economic development and strength of the nation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3911-3914
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• 2014

Background: To determine the potential clinical utility of tumor markers CEA, TPA, and SCC-Ag for early detection of cervical precancerous lesions. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 120 women (46 patients with histologically confirmed cervical precancerous lesions and 74 healthy controls). The significance of serum selected tumor markers in early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were assessed. Results: Of the case group, the rates of CIN I, II, III, was 69.6%, 23.9%, and 6.5%, respectively. According to the manufacturer's cut-off values of 2ng/ml, 5ng/ml, and 70 U/ml for SCC-Ag, CEA and TPA tests, in that order, SCC-Ag test had a sensitivity of 13%, but CEA and TPA tests could not distinguish between case and control groups. The diagnostic sensitivities were highest at cut-off values of 0.55 ng/ml for SCC-Ag, 2.6ng/ml for CEA, and 25.5 U/ml for TPA which were 93%, 61%, and 50%, respectively. However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was the largest for SCC-Ag (0.95 vs. 0.61 and 0.60 for CEA and TPA, respectively). Moreover, there was a highly significant direct correlation between SCC-Ag concentration and the degree of cervical precancerous lesions (r=0.847, p<0.001). Conclusions: The new cutoff of 0.5 for SCC-Ag test might be useful as a tumor marker in Iranian patients with CIN and it needs to be more evaluated by studies with larger populationa.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6883-6888
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• 2015

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Kreteks are clove-flavored cigarettes made from a combination of tobacco and ground-clove mixed with a sauce, smoked widely in Indonesia. Because health and social consequences of kretek smoking are potentially as great as those of traditional cigarettes, this study examines the prevalence of kretek smoking in Indonesia and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study used nationally representative Indonesia Global Adult Tobacco Survey data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlates of kretek smoking. Results: One-third of Indonesian adults smoked tobacco of which about 90.0% smoked kreteks. Prevalence of kretek smoking among men (60.9%) was more than 25 times the rate among women (2.3%). Overall, the highest prevalence of kretek use was in the age group 45-54 years (36.5%), followed by 34-44 (35.1%), 25-34 (34.2 %), and 55-64 years (32.8%). By wealth index, prevalence of kreteks smoking among those in the middle index was almost 50% above the rate for the wealthiest group (36.4% vs 24.8% respectively). Logistic regression results showed that being male, being older, having less education, and being less wealthy were significant predictors of kretek smoking, while urban vs rural residence was not. Conclusions: Kretek smoking is common in Indonesia and is entrenched in the sociocultural fabric of the country. However, potential consequences of kretek smoking, particularly as risks for noncommunicable diseases, underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to tobacco control as outlined in the World Health Organization's MPOWER strategies.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.523-534
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• 2007

This study is an analysis of types of patients and distribution of implant site and survival rate of $Xive^{(R)}$ implant. The following results on patient type, implant distribution and survival rate were compiled from 324 implant cases of 140 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Yonsei University Hospital and G dental clinic between February 2003 and April 2006. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 30, 40, 50s accounting for 80% of patients and accounted for 82% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn, posterior area. accounted for 57% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(29%), Mx, anterior area(8%) and Mn, anterior area(6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 96% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 4%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental canes, trauma and congenital missing. 5, The distribution of bone quality for maxillae was 54,2% for type III, followed by 30.8% for type II, 15% for type IV and 0% for type I. As for mandible, the distribution was 63% for type II, followed by 34% for type III, 2,5% for type I and 0,5% for type IV. 6. The distribution of bone quantity for maxillae was 55% for type C, followed by 35% for type B, 8% for type D and 2% for type A. As for mandible, the distribution was 60% for type B, followed by 32% for type C, 7% for type A and 0% for type D. 7. The majority of implants were those of 9.5-13 mm in length(95%) and regular diameter in width(82%). 8. The total survival rate was 98%. The survival rate was 97% in the maxillae region and 99% in the mandible region. 9. The survival rate in type I was 83%, in type II was 99%, in type III was 97% and in type IV was 100%. As for the bone quantity, the survival rate in type A and D(100%) was most, followed by type B(99%) and type C(96%). The results showed that $Xive^{(R)}$ implant could be used satisfactorily compare for the other implant system. But we most to approach carefully in certain extreme condition especially with poor bone quality and quantity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2505-2510
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• 2014

Background: The standard radiotherapy (RT) fractionation practiced in India and worldwide is 50Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the chest wall or whole breast followed by tumour bed boost in case of breast conservation (BCS). A body of validated data exists regarding hypofractionation in breast cancer. We here report initial results for 135 patients treated at our center with the START-B type of fractionation. Materials and Methods: From May 2011 till July 2012, women with all stages of breast cancer (excluding metastatic), who had undergone BCS or mastectomy were planned for 40Gy in 15 fractions over 3weeks to chest wall/whole breast and supraclavicular fossa (where indicated) followed by tumour bed boost in BCS patients. Planning was done using Casebow's technique. The primary end point was to assess the acute toxicity and the cosmetic outcomes. Using cosmetic scales; patients were assessed during radiotherapy and at subsequent follow up visits with the radiation oncologist. Results: Of the 135 patients, 62 had undergone BCS and 73 mastectomy. Median age of the population was 52 years. Some 80% were T1&T2 tumours in BCS whereas most patients in mastectomy group were T3&T4 tumours (60%). 45% were node negative in BCS group whilst it was 23% in the mastectomy group. Average NPI scores were 3.9 and 4.9, respectively. Most frequently reported histopathology report was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (87%), grade III being most common (58%), and 69% were ER positive tumours, and 30% were Her 2 Neu positive. Triple negative tumours accounted for 13% and their mean age was young (43 yrs.) The maximum acute skin toxicity at the end of treatment was Grade 1 in 94% of the mastectomy grouppatients and 71% in BCS patients. Grade 2 toxicity was 6% in mast group and 23% in BCS group. Grade 3 was 6% in BCS group, no grade 3 toxicity in mastectomy patients and there was no grade 4 skin toxicity in any case. Post RT at 1 month; 39% of BCS patients had persisting Grade I skin reaction which was only 2% in mastectomy patients. At 3 months post RT, 18% patients had persisting hyperpigmentation. At 6 months 8% patients had persisting erythema in the BCS group only. Some 3% BCS and 8% mastectomy patients had lymph edema till the date of evaluation. Cosmetic outcome in BCS patients remained good to excellent 6 months post surgery and radiotherapy. 1 patient of BCS and 3 patients of mast had developed metastatic disease at the time of evaluation. Conclusions: Hypofractionated RT is well tolerated in Indian population with reduced acute skin toxicity and good cosmetic outcome. Regimens such as these should be encouraged in other centers to increase machine output time. The study is on-going to assess long term results.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2012

손바닥선인장의 한 종류인 노팔(Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill)을 주재료로 하여 제조한 복합물(OF)의 항당뇨 효과를 알아보기 위해 8주령 수컷 SD-rat에게 streptozotoxin을 주사하여 당뇨를 유발하고, 사료에 OF를 첨가하여 3주간 급여하였으며, 1주일 간격으로 공복 시 혈당을, 3주 후에는 당내성과 혈장 인슐린 농도를 측정하고 췌장 조직에 면역조직화학 염색을 실시하였다. 실험동물은 정상 대조군(NC), 당뇨 대조군(DC), 2% OF 급여군(OF-2), 5% OF 급여군(OF-5)으로 구분되었으며, NC와 DC는 기초식이를, OF-2와 OF-5는 기초식이에 각각 2%와 5%의 OF를 섞어서 급여하였다. 실험 개시 후 1주마다 12시간 절식시켜 꼬리정맥에서 혈액을 채취하여 공복 혈당을 측정하였다. 실험 3주 후 12시간을 절식시켜 glucose(50 mg/kg BW)를 복강주사한 다음, 30, 60, 90, 120분 경과 후에 혈당을 측정하여 당내성을 측정하였고, 심장에서 혈액을 채취하여 혈중 인슐린 함량을 분석하였다. 또한 췌장 조직에 대해 면역조직화학 염색을 실시하여 조직학적인 변화를 알아보았다. 3주간의 공복 시 혈당은 OF-5와 OF-2 모두 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 당내성 측정 결과, OF 급여군은 DC와는 달리 혈당 농도의 변화 추이가 NC와 유사하였으며, 특히 OF-5는 OF-2에 비해서도 혈당 강하 효과가 높았던 것으로 드러났다. 췌장 조직의 면역염색에 의하면, OF의 혈당강하 기작은 췌장 Langerhans' Islet의 ${\beta}$-세포를 생성시키고, ${\beta}$-세포의 사멸을 억제시켜 인슐린의 분비를 정상화시키는 것이었으며, 이러한 결과는 혈장 인슐린 함량의 증가로 재확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 OF는 I형 당뇨에서 현저한 혈당 강하 효과 및 Langerhans' Islet의 ${\beta}$-세포수를 회복시켜줌으로써 I형 당뇨의 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary-intake and that of health by mean of questionarie and interview for male and female old persons living in Seoul area. The contents of study included general aspects, physical status and health, nutrient intake, and food intake frequency. The results from the above survey are summarized as follows ; 1. The age group in the range of 60 to 79 years old was 71%, and the average number of family was 4.9. The educational level was 56% of elderly persons were elementary or middle school graduates . 42.8% of elderly persons had an average monthly income of \490,000 to 300,000. 2. The aged average height, weight, and physical index were 164.9cm, 55.8kg and 20.4 in male, 152.7cm, 46.0kg and 20.3 in female which were lower than the Korean average standard. (male; 167.0cm, 61.0kg, female; 156.0cm, 55.0kg) In the degree of health self-consciousness, percentage distribution of poor and very poor was 29% in male, 59% in female. Among the condition of disease, neuralgia was 23.8%, hypertension was 17.2%, diabetes was 5.4%. 3. Average daily calorie intake was $63.9{\sim}70.4%$ for male and $76.4{\sim}83.9%$ for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. Protein intake was $42.9{\sim}57.3g$ (which was $72.8{\sim}82.6%$ RDA) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were $24.3{\sim}28.2%$($12.9{\sim}16.2g$). Iron, Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ Niacin intake exceeded the RDA, but the intake of Calcium, Vitamin C were far less than that of RDA. 4. In the correlations between nutritional intakes and environmental factors and health, economic living situations and educational level as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). 5. Food intake frequency of meats, fishes, eggs, for average of $1{\sim}2$ days per week were $44.8{\sim}50.5%$, that of milk and milk products for scarecely week were 42.9.% Correlation of food intake frequency was divided three levels-good, fair, poor. Food intake frequency as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). The results of the survey reveal that many of elderly show evidence of general nutrient intake deficiency, it requires first of all importance of nutrition to improve nutritional level through to promotion of elderly health.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.661-667
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• 2016

본 연구는 보건 계열 방사선과 학생들을 대상으로 스마트러닝 강의에 대한 학습법을 진행한 후에 스마트러닝 강의에 대한 설문조사를 토대로 학생들에게 학습효능감 및 학습만족도의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하여 학습 성과향상을 위한 시사점을 제시하고 실질적인 교육을 활성화할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 2016년 3월부터 6월까지 총 120명을 설문하여 응답자 수 102명(남자: 65명 여: 37명)의 설문지가 회수되었다. 자료 수집방법은 자가보고형 질문지 방식으로 진행하였으며, 자기주도적 학습능력은 5점 만점에 평균 $3.46{\pm}0.50$, 학업적 자기효능감은 6점 만점에 평균 $3.60{\pm}0.89$, 학습만족도는 5점 만점에 평균 $3.62{\pm}0.62$으로 나타났다. 자기주도적 학습능력은 학업적 자기효능감(r=0.639, p<0.01)과 학습만족도(r=0.435, p<0.01)와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 학업적 자기효능감은 학습만족도와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(r=0.513, p<0.01). 스마트러닝을 통한 학습법을 진행하는 경우 자기주도적 학습능력, 학업적 자기 효능감, 학습 만족도에서 유의한 결과를 보여 주고 있으며, 스마트러닝을 통한 학습법의 인식과 필요성에 대해 긍정적인 반응이 나타났으며, 스마트러닝 학습법을 통한 학습만족도와 학업적 자기효능감의 유의한 상관관계를 통해 방사선과에서도 쌍방향 커뮤니케이션을 통한 강의법의 적용이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2009

시료 중 프로피온산 함량 분석의 최적의 조건을 설정하기 위하여 이행용액과 시간, 염화나트륨 양, 인산 양, 추출용액과 시간 및 이행용액과 추출용액의 사용비율을 설정하여 각 조건별로 분석하였다. 이행용액으로 개미산의 추출효율이 가장 높았으며, 개미산의 농도는 0.01 Mole/L을 제외한 다른 농도에서는 유사한 결과를 보여주었고, 이행시간은 3분이 경과하면서 시료중 대부분의 프로피온산이 개미산으로 이행되었다. 에테르 추출과정 중 염화나트륨의 양은 5.0 g까지 회수율이 상승하였으며, 인산의 양은 회수율과는 상관성이 없었고, 이행용액인 개미산과 추출용액인 에테르의 혼합비율은 1 : 2의 비율 및 추출시간은 10분을 설정하였을 때 회수율 상승의 최적조건임을 나타내었으며, 혼합용액(개미산 :에테르 = 1 : 2)으로 2회 추출 시까지 개미산 중의 프로피온산은 거의 추출되는 것으로 나타났다. 설정된 분석조건 중 가장 최적의 조건을 적용하여 시료중의 프로피온산을 분석한 결과 시료 A에서 85.0%, 시료 B에서 90.0%의 회수율을 나타냄으로써 소량 시료로써 분석시간의 단축 및 우수한 회수율을 얻을 수 있는 분석방법으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1973

Aflatoxin의 각종 액성에 대한 변화와 위액, 담즙산, 각종 산과 알칼리 및 식염 농도에 따른 열처리시의 그 안정성 및 변화 양상을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) Aflatoxin은 액성의 pH가 산성에서보다 알칼리성에서 더욱 감소하였다. 한편 $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분 열처리한 것은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 30분 처리한 것보다 더욱 aflatoxin이 감소하였다. 2) Aflatoxin에 대한 초산(醋酸), 염산, 황산을 각기 1%, 5% 및 10% 액으로 $20^{\circ}C$ 30분 처리할 때에, 초산은 $40{\sim}50%$, 염산은 $48{\sim}73%$ 및 황산은 $68{\sim}84%$의 감소율을 나타내었다. 한편, 수산화나트륨 및 암모니아의 1%, 5% 및 10%액으로 처리하면 완전히 aflatoxin이 파괴되었다. 3) 인공위액에 대한 aflatoxin은 $37^{\circ}C$ 60분에 약 75%의 감소를 나타내었으며 담즙산에 대하여는 대부분 파괴되었다. 이때 파괴된 물질은 TLC 상에서 Rf치가 0.96이었으며 $220{\sim}420m{\mu}$ 까지의 UV spectrum에서 최대 흡수 파장대는 관찰할 수 없었다. 4) Aflatoxin에 식염을 가하여 $100^{\circ}C$ 30분 열처리하면 그 $39{\sim}55%$의 aflatoxin이 감소되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었고, 식염의 농도에 따라 그 변성도의 차는 발견할 수 없었다.