• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2004

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo. Human ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into various types of cells in the body. Human ES cells are indefinite source of cells for cell therapy in various degenerative disorders including neuronal disorders. Directed differentiation of human ES cells is a prerequisite for their clinical application. The objective of this study is to develop the culture condition for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells. Neural precursor cells were derived from human ES cells in a stepwise culture condition. Neural precursor cells in the form of neural rosette structures developed into neurospheres when cultured in suspension. Suspension culture of neurospheres has been maintained over 4 months. Expressions of nestin, soxl, sox2, pax3 and pax6 transcripts were upregulated during differentiation into neural precursor cells by RT-PCR analysis. In contrast, expression of oct4 was dramatically downregulated in neural precursor cells. Immunocytochemical analyses of neural precursor cells demonstrated expression of nestin and SOX1. When induced to differentiate on an adhesive substrate, neuro-spheres were able to differentiate into three lineages of neural systems, including neurons, astrocytes and oligo-dendrocytes. Transcripts of sox1 and pax6 were downregulated during differentiation of neural precursor cells into neurons. In contrast, expression of map2ab was elevated in the differentiated cells, relative to those in neural precursor cells. Neurons derived from neural precursor cells expressed NCAM, Tuj1, MAP2ab, NeuN and NF200 in immunocytochemical analyses. Presence of astrocytes was confirmed by expression of GFAP immuno-cytochemically. Oligodendrocytes were also observed by positive immuno-reactivities against oligodendrocyte marker O1. Results of this study demonstrate that a stepwise culture condition is developed for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2009

최근 들어 IEEE 802.11 WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) 서비스에 대한 수요의 증가와 함께 WLAN 환경에서 실시간 멀티미디어 서비스를 이용하려는 사용자의 관심이 날로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 IEEE 802.11i의 보안 정책은 MS(Mobile Station)의 이동이 빈번하게 발생하는 WLAN 환경에서 끊김 없는 실시간 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기에는 핸드오프 지연 시간이 너무 길어 이를 보완하기 위한 기법들이 제안되고 있다. 또한 IEEE 802.11i에서 제시하고 있는 세션 키 도출 과정 및 핸드오프 메커니즘에는 DoS(Denial-of Service) 공격 가능성이 내포되어 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 중앙집중식 WLAN 환경을 기반으로 안전하고 효율적인 핸드오프 메커니즘을 소개한다. 상호인증 및 세션키 도출로 사용되는 802.11i의 4-way Handshake 과정이 2-way Reassociation 과정으로 대체된다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.646-647
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• 2005

A recently published paper demonstrates the utility of allowing delays in state estimators for linear systems with unknown inputs. In this note, we point out an error in the derivation of the estimator.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

In this paper, we consider the simple non-associative algebra $\overline{WN(\mathbb{F}[e^{{\pm}x^r},0,1]_{(\partial,\partial^2)})}$. There are many papers on finding the derivations of an associative algebra, a Lie algebra, and a non-associative algebra (see [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [12], [14]). We find all the derivations of the algebra $\overline{WN(\mathbb{F}[e^{{\pm}x^r},0,1]_{(\partial,\partial^2)})}$.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.993-1008
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• 1996

The white noise analysis, initiated by Hida [3] in 1975, has been developed to an infinite dimensional distribution theory on Gaussian space $(E^*, \mu)$ as an infinite dimensional analogue of Schwartz distribution theory on Euclidean space with Legesgue measure. The mathematical framework of white noise analysis is the Gel'fand triple $(E) \subset (L^2) \subset (E)^*$ over $(E^*, \mu)$ where $\mu$ is the standard Gaussian measure associated with a Gel'fand triple $E \subset H \subset E^*$.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2004

We got the growth distance curve by spline smoothing method with observed marketing data and the growth velocity curve by the derivation of the growth distance curve. Using this growth velocity curve, we defined the several characteristic points which describe the variation of marketing data. In this paper, to specify several patterns of marketing data, we suggested characteristic function by using these characteristic points. In addition, we applied characteristic function to the seventeen brands of electric home products data.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.575-588
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• 1999

Lower dimensional cases of Einstein's connection were al-ready investigated by many authors for n =2,4. This paper is to ob-tain a surveyable tensorial representation of n-dimensional Einstein's connection in terms of the unified field tensor with main emphasis on the derivation of powerful and useful recurrence relations which hold in n-dimensional Einstein's unified field theory(i.e., n-*g-UFT): All con-siderations in this paper are restricted to the third class only.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2014

We consider the simple antisymmetrized algebra $N(e^{A_P},n,t)_1^-$. The simple non-associative algebra and its simple subalgebras are defined in the papers [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [8], [13]. Some authors found all the derivations of an associative algebra, a Lie algebra, and a non-associative algebra in their papers [2], [3], [5], [7], [9], [10], [13], [15], [16]. We find all the derivations of the Lie subalgebra $N(e^{{\pm}x_1x_2x_3},0,3)_{[1]}{^-}$ of $N(e^{A_p},n,t)_k{^-}$ in this paper.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.298-307
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• 1999

This paper describes the application of the coupled FE-BEM (finite element-boundary element method) for the numerical harmonic analysis of the linear dynamic behaviour of a magnetostrictive Terfenol-D rod in water. The magnetostrictive rod is three-dimensionally simulated to transduce applied electric current in a helical coil around the rod to mechanical displacement. The theoretical derivation of the magnetostrictive matrix equation is described in detail. The steady-state resonance response of the displacement is shown. In addition, the directivity pattern and the radiation impedance are also shown.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.92-98
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• 1997

This paper presents a new approach to obtaining a reduced-order model for multi-module converters. The proposed approach can be used to derive the reduced-order model for a wide class of multi-module converters including pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters, soft-switched PWM converters, and resonant converters. The reduced-order model has the structure of a conventional single-module converter while preserving the dynamics of the original multi-module converter. Derivation procedures and the use of the reduced-order model is demonstrated using a three-module boost converter.