• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2000

The nitrogenous compounds in the muscle extracts of cultured and wild olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous, were analyzed. The analyzed coumpounds were extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, ATP and its related ompounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds. The distribution pattern of these compounds in cultured and wild fish was found to be very similar. Although the ATP and its related compounds and creatine in the muscle of cultured fish were slightly abundant than those in the muscle of wild one, the extractive nitrogen, total free amino acid, oligopeptides, and TMAO were found to be slightly rich in the muscle of wild fish than those in the muscle of cultrued one. The moisture content of cultured fish was relatively lower but the protein and fat contents of cultured one were higher than those of wild fish. However the differences in the proximate composition, extractive nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds between two fishes were not significantly different.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to investigate the change of the palatal length after palatoplasty in congenital cleft palate. With the data from one hundred and twelve patients with cleft palate who had been treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital over a period of 10 years(April 1995 to April 2004). The epidemiological characteristics, the method of palate repair, the postoperative complications and the extent of palatal lengthening were investigated and analyzed statistically. Incomplete cleft palate occurs more frequently than complete cleft palate. Male were affected 2.1 times more than female in complete cleft palate, and female were affected 1.2 times more than male in incomplete cleft palate. Dorrance method and Wardill V-Y method were frequently used in repair of incomplete cleft palate. Wardill V-Y method, Furlow double opposing Z-plasty, two flap method, and Perko method were widely used in repair of complete cleft palate. The extent of palatal lengthening was greater in the incomplete cleft palate group(5.84 mm) than in the complete cleft palate group(4.71 mm), and in the Furlow double opposing Z-plasty group(5.70 mm) than in the push back palatoplasty group(5.33 mm). But no significant difference was noted. Palatal fistula and wound dehiscence were popular postoperative complications in cleft palate. These results indicate that the extent of palatal lengthening, which contributing to speech function, is a range of 3.5% to 24.0%(average 10.8%) after palatoplasty in cleft palate patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2020

Purpose: To compare the polishing characteristics and their influence on Candida albicans adhesion to the recently introduced polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and the conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture resin material. Materials and methods: Specimens from PEKK (Group E) and PMMA (Group M) were made in dimensions of 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. The specimens were further divided into sub-groups according to the extent of polishing (ER, MR: rough; EP, MP: polished, N = 12 each). The specimens were polished using polishing machine and SiC foil. ER and MR group specimens were polished with 600 grit SiC foil only. EP and MP groups were further polished with 800, 1,000, 1,200 grit SiC foils sequentially. To measure the surface roughness values (Sa) of specimens, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation under 1,000, and 20,000 magnifications was performed to investigate surface topography. The polished specimens were soaked in C. albicans suspension for 2 hours with shaking to promote adhesion. The attached C. albicans were detached from the surface with 10 times of pipetting. The suspension of detached C. albicans was performed by serial dilution to 10³ times, and the diluted suspensions were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates using spread plate method. After incubating the plate for 48 hours, colony forming unit (CFU)/plate of C. albicans was counted. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test to confirm significant difference between the groups (α=.05). Results: Average Sa value was significantly higher in MR group compared to other groups (P<.05), meaning that additional polishing steps reduced surface roughness effectively only in the PMMA specimens. There was no significant difference in Sa values between MP and EP groups. In SEM images, PEKK specimens showed numerous spikes of abraded material protruding from the surface and this phenomenon was more significant in EP group. The mean CFU/plate value was the highest in EP group and this was significant when it was compared to MP group (P<.05) which was the lowest. Conclusion: Polishing PEKK using serial SiC abrasive foil may result in higher adhesion of C. albicans. In clinic, this should be considered carefully.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the color stability of new silorane-based composite resin compared with methacrylate-based composite resins after immersion in 3 staining solutions. One silorane-based composite(Filtek P90) and 3 methacrylate -based composites(Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350, Tetric Ceram) were evaluated. Twenty disk-shaped specimens($10{\times}2mm$) of each of 4 composite resins were prepared. The specimens were then divided into 4 groups of 5 specimens each and immersed in 3 staining solutions( coffee, red wine, curry solution) or distilled water(control) for 28-day test period. Color of the specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer(Color Eye 7000A) using CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space relative to CIE standard illuminant D65 at baseline, 1day, 3days, 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days after staining. The color differences( ${\Delta}{E^*}_{ab}$) were calculated. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The mean color changes(${\Delta}{E^*}_{ab}$) of the composites were greatest in curry solution, then red wine, coffee and distilled water, in decreasing order. 2. The mean color changes(${\Delta}{E^*}_{ab}$) of the composites were greatest in Z350, Z250, Tetric Ceram and P90, in decreasing order.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare GnRH antagonist and agonist flare-up treatment in the management of poor responder patients. Methods: One hundred forty-four patients from Jan. 1, 2002 to Aug. 31, 2005 undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment who responded poorly to the previous cycle (No. of oocyte retrieved$\leq$5) and had high early follicular phase follicle stimulating hormone (FSH>12 mIU/ml were selected. Seventy-five patients received agonist flare-up protocol and 71 patients received antagonist protocol. We analyzed the number of oocytes retrieved, number of good embryos (GI, GI-1), total dose of hMG administered, implantation rate, cycle cancellation rate, pregnancy rate, live birth rate. Results: The cancellation rate was high in antagonist protocol (53.5% vs. 30.1%). The number of oocyte retrieved, the number of good embyos were high in agonist flare-up group. There was no statistical difference between GnRH agonist flare up protocol and GnRH antagonist protocol in implantation rate (14.5%, 10.1%), clinical pregnancy rate per transfer (29.4%, 21.2%) and live birth rate per transfer (21.6%, 18.2%). Although the result was not statistically significant, GnRH agonist flare up group showed a nearly doubled pregnancy rate and live birth rate per initial cycle than GnRH antagonist group. Conclusions: The agonist flare-up protocol appears to be slightly more effective than the GnRH antagonist protocol in implantation rate, pregnancy rate, live birth rate but shows statistically no significance. Agonist flare-up protocol improved the ovarian response in poor responders. However, based of the result of the study, we can expect improved ovarian response in poor responders by GnRH agonist flare up protocol.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

Purpose : This study tried to evaluate the effectiveness of combined treatment using radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin as a radiosensitizer in the management of locally advanced head and neck cancer. Materials and methods : From January 1995 to August 1998, 29 evaluable patients with locally advanced head & neck cancels (AJCC stage $II\~IV$) were received curative radiation therapy $(total\;70\~75.6\;Gy/35\~42\;fractions,\;1.8\~2\;Gy/fraction)$ and concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy ($100\;mg/m^2$, D1, D22, D43). The neck dissections were peformed for residual lymphadenopathy. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 55 months (median 24 months). Results : Twenty-one $(72.4\%)$ patients achieved clinical complete responses. The partial response and minimal response rates were $17.2\%\;and\;10.4\%$, respectively. Locoregional failure rate was $27.6\%$, and included 6 patients with local failures, 4 patients with regional failures, and 2 patients with combined local and regional failures. Four of 29 patients $(13.8\%)$ developed distant metastasis. The disease free survival rate at 3 years was $60\%$. Nasopharyngeal primary tumors or complete responders showed significantly higher disease free survival rate. The grade 3 mucositis and nausea/vomiting was noted in $34.5\%$, respectively. Major prolongation of radiation therapy duration was inevitable in three patients. Twenty-one patients $(72.4\%)$ completed 3 courses of cisplatin and 5 patients received 2 courses of cisplatin. Three patients received only one course of cisplatin due to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, and then changed to 5-FU regimen. Conclusions : Concurrent cisplatin-radiation therapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer showed high response rate, reasonable locoregional control, and survival rate. As expected, acute toxicities were increased, but compliance to treatment was acceptable. Assessment of the effect of the combination in this setting requires further accrual and follow-up.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of re-establish the amount and major compositions of slurry from swine farms. The results obtained in this study was summarized as follow; The quantity of wastewater produced from the average volume of pig slurry was $4.64{\ell}$ /head/day and $4.68{\ell}$ in spring, $4.70{\ell}$ in summer, $4.70{\ell}$ in autumn, and $4.49{\ell}$ in winter. The average moisture content of slurry was 95.5%. And the composition of pig slurry contents of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$, were 0.27, 0.20 and 0.17% in slurry, respectively. The water pollutant concentration in slurry of swine farms, $BOD_5,\;COD_{MN}$, SS, T-N and T-P, was $21,856mg/{\ell},\;33,883mg/{\ell},\;41,253mg/{\ell},\;2,869mg/{\ell}$ and $565mg/{\ell}$, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2003

This study was conducted to select the promising varieties of timothy (va.) Climax, Itasca, Alma, Comtal, Liphlea, Erecta, Argus and Kunpu at Daekwanryong(altitude 800m a.s.l.) and Namwon(altitude 450m a.s.l.) branch, and orchard grass (va.) Potomac, Warrior, Ambassador, Hapsung 2, 20, 93E and Kitamidori at Daekwanryong branch of National Livestock Research Institute, from 1999 to 2002. Among the timothy varieties, leafness of Liphlea, Erecta and Kunpu was greatest. Heading time of Liphlea and Kunpu was earliest and plant length of Kunpu was longest. Also, winter survival of Erecta and Kunpu was greatest with 94.0%. Among the orchardgrass varieties, although heading time of Hapsung 20 was late, it's leafness was the best and plant length was the longest in all varieties. Also, winter survival of Hapsung 20 was the highest in all varieties. In Daekwanryong and Namwon, dry matter yield of timothy(va.), Kunpu was highest(P<0.05) among the timothy varieties with 9,493kg and 13,890kg/ha, respectively. Dry matter yields of orchardgrass(va.), Hapsung 2 and Hapsung 20 were greatest among the varieties with 8,690kg and 8,818kg/ha, respectively. In two areas, average ADF concentration of Climax was lowest with 33.4%, and NDF concentration of Argus was lowest with 65.4% in all varieties. Average crude protein content of Alma was the highest with 16.5% and that of Kunpu was the lowest with 13.9%. Average crude protein yield of Kunpu was the highest with 1,710.5kg/ha in all timothy varieties. The ADF concentration of Hapsung 20 was lowest (33.4%), and NDF concentration of 93E was lowest (67.5%). Crude protein content (13.5%) and crude protein yield (1,173.2kg/ha) of Hapsung 2 were highest. These results indicate that Kunpu and Liphlea would be the promising varieties of timothy in Daekwanryong and Namwon, and also, Hapsung 2 of orchardgrass would be the promising varieties in Daekwanryong.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2017

This study was performed to provide basic data of 'Kangilok'. The objective of this study was to investigate worth of 4 parts of maize hybrid for grain, 'Kangilok' for functional foods. The 4 parts are kernels, dehulled kernels, skin of kernels and cobs of 'Kangilok'. We evaluated moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein, crude fiber and mineral content of 'Kangilok'. The moisture of kernels, dehulled kernels, skin of kernels and cobs of 'Kangilok' were 11.27%, 12.40%, 9.45%, 8.85% and the crude ash were 1.26%, 0.73%, 3.19%, 1.42%. Each of the crude lipid were 3.84%, 2.69%, 8.59%, 0.46% and the crude protein were 9.40%, 9.96%, 12.10%, 2.80%. The crude fiber of kernels, dehulled kernels, skin of kernels and cobs of 'Kangilok' were 2.24%, 0.92%, 7.07%, and 33.51%. Among the mineral contents, Ca and K content of cobs were highest by 4.84 mg/100 g, 114.33 mg/100 g and Fe, Mn contents of skin of kernels were highest by 5.30 mg/100 g, 2.64 mg/100 g. Mg content of kernels was the highest by 27.42 mg/100 g. P content of kernels, dehulled kernels, skin of kernels and cobs were 1.20%, 0.96%, 2.41%, and 0.19%. It was performed test on anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory activities of 60% ethanol extract from 4 parts of Kangilok. The anti-oxidative effect was measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. As a results, DPPH radical scavenging activity (10 mg/mL) was 72.59%~93.05% and ABTS radical scavenging activity (10 mg/mL) was 48.17%~79.88%. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by ability to inhibit production nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cell. As a result, all the extract of 4 parts were showed significantly inhibitory effect on NO production. Carotenoid contents quantified by using HPLC. ${\beta}$-Carotene of carotenoid was not analyzed in all the sample. Lutein and zeaxantin ware analyzed in kernels and skin of kernels.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2009

In this study, a survey was conducted to determine consumer perceptions and satisfaction for onion hot-water extracts. Among the study subjects, females (53.3%) were in greater number than males, and individuals in their 40s (35.1%) made up the largest group. Cocerning the detailed efficacy of onion hot-water extracts, most respondents (84.5%) were aware of their efficacy and females recognized this more than males (p<0.001). Most consumers (67.3%) purchased onion hot-water extracts from 'health food stores prepared using a double boiler', and many consumers (47.4%) received information on the extracts from families and relatives. Of the respondents, 51.8% said they purchased 'quantities for $1{\sim}3$ months' at one time, and 33.1% stated that the price of onion hot-water extracts was expensive. They considered 'health' the most important aspect when purchasing, and preferred 'pouch packs' (60.3%) and considered 'easiness to open convenience to drink, and safety' (42.0%) the most important product features. Also, 62.8% of the respondents consumed onion hot-water extracts, and many drank them $1{\sim}3$ times a week, with '70 mL' as one dose, and drank them 'regardless of time'. The consumers were satisfied with the listing of health effects, but were not satisfied with the 'taste', 'smell', or 'color' of products. Concerning advertisements for the efficacy of onion hot-water extracts, 72.5% replied 'I trust them a little'. And concerning the expanding onion hot-water extract market, many respondents said it is difficult to choose an onion hot-water extract due to many similar products at the market. They also requested improvements of taste and flavor.