• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Hypoxemia is a common side effect of propofol sedation during endoscopy. Applying mild positive airway pressure (PAP) using a nasal mask may offer a simple way to reduce such events and optimize the conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Methods: We compared overweight patients (body mass index >25 kg/m²) with a nasal PAP mask or standard nasal cannula undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopies by non-anesthesiologists who provided propofol sedation. Outcome parameters included the frequency and severity of hypoxemic episodes. Results: We analyzed 102 procedures in 51 patients with nasal PAP masks and 51 controls. Episodes of hypoxemia (oxygen saturation [SpO₂] <90% at any time during sedation) occurred in 25 (49.0%) controls compared to 8 (15.7%) patients with nasal PAP masks (p<0.001). Severe hypoxemia (SpO₂ <80%) occurred in three individuals (5.9%) in both groups. The mean delta between baseline SpO₂ and the lowest SpO₂ recorded was significantly decreased among patients with nasal PAP mask compared to controls (3.7 and 8.2 percentage points difference, respectively). There were significantly fewer airway interventions performed in the nasal PAP mask group (15.7% vs. 41.2%, p=0.008). Conclusions: Using a nasal PAP mask may be a simple means of increasing patient safety and ease of examination.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.742-749
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• 2021

This study aimed to comparatively analyze changes in skin conditions according to the frequency of sheet mask use among women in their 60s. An experiment was performed for 5 weeks from May 1 to June 3, 2020. A total of 70 women in their 60s, who understood the purposes of this study and agreed to the experiment were selected. All empirical analyses were conducted at a significance level of 5%, and the SPSS WIN 21 program was used to perform statistical analysis. Increased moisture content, decreased coarseness, changes in sebum levels, and decreased pigmentation, were significant effects of sheet mask use for 7days per week. As long as the sheet mask did not irritate the skin, had a positive effects on the skin the more often it was used. These results can help in enhancing the effectiveness of systematic measurement and improvement of skin type. To determine factors affecting skin conditions, it is necessary to investigate and compare factors such as effects of dietary or living habits, genetic influence, and living environments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.449-454
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• 2019

This study was designed to present the direction of Korean K-beauty by examining awareness, selection attributes, and satisfaction of the Chinese on Korean brand mask packs, which currently rank among the top 10 mask packs in China's beauty market. As a result, the perception of Korean Wave, especially entertainment / music preference, has a positive (+) effect on Korean mask pack choice attributes. Also, it was found that the influence of the Korean Wave greatly affected both satisfaction and repurchase intention. The increase of Chinese women's consumption and the appearance of the society due to the advancement of the society also affects the appearance. However, the safety and efficacy of the product has yet to be established. If the improvement of these technologies and the countermeasures of domestic cosmetics companies are provided, Korea's K-Beauty industry will be more active in the domestic and overseas markets.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2019

Conventional crack detection methods have a problem of consuming a lot of labor, time and cost. To solve these problems, an automatic detection system is needed to detect cracks in images obtained by using vehicles or UAVs(unmanned aerial vehicles). In this paper, we have studied road crack detection with unmanned aerial photographs. Aerial images are generated through preprocessing and labeling to generate morphological information data sets of cracks. The generated data set was applied to the mask R-CNN model to obtain a new model in which various crack information was learned. Experimental results show that the cracks in the proposed aerial image were detected with an accuracy of 73.5% and some of them were predicted in a certain type of crack region.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2024

Inspecting cracks to determine a structure's condition is crucial for accurate safety diagnosis. However, visual crack inspection methods can be subjective and are dependent on field conditions, thereby resulting in low reliability. To address this issue, this study automates the detection of concrete cracks in image data using ResNet, FPN, and the Mask R-CNN components as the backbone, neck, and head of a convolutional neural network. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed using the intersection over the union (IoU). The experimental dataset contained 1,203 images divided into training (70%), validation (20%), and testing (10%) sets. The model achieved an IoU value of 95.83% for testing, and there were no cases where the crack was not detected. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model realized highly accurate detection of concrete cracks in image data.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.27-30
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• 2004

This paper investigates the effects of coating such as Invar (Fe-36% Ni), Fe-Ni Alloys and $WO_3$ on the doming property of aluminum killed (AK) shadow masks, which may be used for flat CPTs. Invar and Fe-Ni Alloys are deposited on AK shadow mask in plasma atmosphere and annealed. $WO_3$ is screen-printed on the deposited layer. The coating is observed to cause a decrease in the doming property of the shadow masks due to their lower thermal expansion coefficients and anti-doming properties.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2004

The waveguide Bragg gratings have been fabricated by the phase-mask method. An excimer laser with maximum 600mJ output pulse energy and uniform phase masks have been used. Hydrogen loading is often used for enhancing the uv photosensitivity of the core, however, the resultant gratings show significant aging effect. In the present study, high temperature thermal annealing process has been investigated to obtain thermal gratings and process parameters are deduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.2 s.74
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

Cobalt catalysts for gas mask loaded on various supports such as $Al_{2}O_{3},\;TiO_{2}$, AC(activated carbon) and $SiO_{2}$ were used to examine influences of calcination temperatures and reaction temperatures for CO oxidation. $Co(NO_{3})_2{\cdot}6H_{2}O$ was used as cobalt precursor and the catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, TGA/DTA, TEM, $N_{2}$ sorption, and XPS. For the catalytic activity, support was in the order of ${\gamma}-Al_{2}O_{3}>TiO_{2}>SiO_{2}>AC\;and\;Al_{2}O_{3}$. The catalytic activity at lower temperature than $80^{\circ}C$ showed that with the increase of reaction temperature, cobalt catalysts on ${\gamma}-Al_{2}O_{3},\;TiO_{2},\;AC\$ has the negative activation energy but that of $SiO_{2}$ was positive.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.412-418
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• 2020

This paper produced an automatic fluid management system that can accurately control the specific gravity of etching solution(FeCl₃), and produced a SUS MASK applied to OLED. The target was set at 0.4 mm in diameter of the hole. As a result of this misconception, the etching speed increased when the specific gravity(S.G) value of FeCl₃ was changed from 1.43 to 1.49. And when the weight was 1.49, it was found that the vertical diameter was 0.405 mm, approaching the target. When pressure injection was varied from 2.0kg/cm2 to 3.5kg/cm2, the hole diameter at 3.0 kg/cm2 averaged 0.4mm, matching the target. The characteristics of the change in gravity were analyzed by applying the additive 1.2% and setting the weight at 1.430 by mixing HCl and H2O in FeCl₃ and fixing the injection pressure at 3.0 kg/cm2. When the weight changed from 1.460 to 1.469 the etching speed increased from 0.564 to 0.540. When the weight was 1.467, the hole diameter was measured at 0.4 mm and the target was reached.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.930-940
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• 2019

This study analyzes the facial data required for sheet design in order to pursue the facial compatibility of disposable sheets used in facial mask products that are increasing in popularity as self-care methods. The subjects of the study were 23 facial measurements of 1,001 women in their 20s to 60s from Size Korea's 6th 3D data. Through factor analysis, sheet-related facial measurements were collected into six factors included in the vertical length of each part of the face: length of face surface from the ear to each part of the face, width of eyes, nose, lips, length of nose, vertical length of lower face, width of the head and width of chin. Three sheet face types were classified using six factor scores as variables, and the characteristics of each type differed according to age group. As a result of the discriminant analysis to identify the dimension items that classify the three cluster types, 12 contributing items were extracted out of 23 items. This study provides useful information and data for further studies of products requiring facial fitness.