• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

The increasing demands on low-power, and low-complexity video encoder have been motivating extensive research activities on distributed video coding (DVC) in which the encoder compresses frames without utilizing inter-frame statistical correlation. In DVC encoder, contrary to the conventional video encoder, an error control code compresses the video frames by representing the frames in the form of syndrome bits. In the meantime, the DVC decoder generates side information which is modeled as a noisy version of the original video frames, and a decoder of the error-control code corrects the errors in the side information with the syndrome bits. The noisy observation, i.e., the side information can be understood as the output of a virtual channel corresponding to the orignal video frames, and the conditional probability of the virtual channel model is assumed to follow a Laplacian distribution. Thus, performance improvement of DVC systems depends on performances of the error-control code and the optimal reconstruction step in the DVC decoder. In turn, the performances of two constituent blocks are directly related to a better estimation of the parameter of the correlation channel. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to estimate the parameter of the correlation channel and also a low-complexity version of the proposed algorithm. In particular, the proposed algorithm minimizes squared-error of the Laplacian probability distribution and the empirical observations. Finally, we show that the conventional algorithm can be improved by adopting a confidential window. The proposed algorithm results in PSNR gain up to 1.8 dB and 1.1 dB on Mother and Foreman video sequences, respectively.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.573-577
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• 2010

Image resolution improvement is commonly technique for applications such as image reconstruction or enlargement. It is important to remove image quality degradation such as blocking effect or artificiality occurrence. In this paper, we propose image resolution improvement method using loss information of image. The proposed compute and estimate by low level interpolation of obtained low resolution image, it is applied by interpolated high resolution as 1-stage interpolation. We generate last interpolation image by iteration of error computation and application between obtained low resolution image and 1-stage interpolation image. By experiments using same test images, we confirmed improvement over 3.2dB of average PSNR and enhancement of subject image quality. Also, we can reduce more than 85% computation complexity. The proposed image resolution improvement method may be helpful for various applications of image processing.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2005

Bone grafts are widely used in the reconstruction of osseous defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. Autogenous bone grafts are considered the gold standard in grafting of the oral and maxillofacial region, because of its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Mandibular symphysis & ascending ramus bone graft have been used more frequently because of easy surgical access, reduced operative time, and following minimal morbidity. However, even though the frequent use of the anterior part of ascending ramus and the different regions of mandible, rare of the reports provide information about the quantity of bone available in this donor site. So this study was taken to evaluate & quantify the amount of bone graft material in the anterior ascending ramus regions. This study was made on 36 samples of CT image. In 3D volume image, imaginary osteotomy & segmentation were done and the dimensions and volume of the bone grafts were measured and evaluated. the average volume of the graft materials obtained from the ascending ramus was $3656.83{\pm}108.19mm^3$, and the average dimensions of graft materials were $(33.68{\pm}0.48){\times}(34.92{\pm}0.51){\times}(15.96{\pm}0.27){\times}(9.05{\pm}0.27)mm$.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.633-638
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• 2010

Purpose: Orbital bone is one of the most complex bones in the human body. When the patient has a fracture of the orbital bone, it is difficult for the surgeon to restore the fractured orbital bone to normal anatomic curvature because the orbital bone has complex curvature. We developed a rapid prototyping model based on a mirror image of the patient's 3D-CT (3 dimensional computed tomography) for accurate reduction of the fractured orbital wall. Methods: A total of 7 cases of large orbital wall fracture recieved absorbable plate prefabrication using rapid prototyping model during surgery and had the manufactured plate inserted in the fracture site. Results: There was no significant postoperative complication. One patient had persistent diplopia, but it was resolved completely after 5 weeks. Enophthalmos was improved in all patients. Conclusion: With long term follow-up, this new method of orbital wall reduction proved to be accurate, efficient and cost-effective, and we recommend this method for difficult large orbital wall fracture operations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

For large DNA fragment transformation in dicots and monocots, BIBAC2 vector system was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. cv. Jinmi as a model plant, respectively. For Arabidopsis, the Th1 gene in T23L3 BAC clone whose size is about 90 kb was used as the target gene source for transformation. Because T23L3 BAC clone was originally constructed in pBelloBAC11, the target gene was reconstructed into BIBAC2. As the results of reconstruction, 476 colonies were survived in selection medium containing 40 mg/L kanamycin. In colony hybridization analysis, 24 out of 476 colonies exhibited positive signals. In the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, 11 out of 24 positive clones exhibited the band at the location of 90 kb. In Southern hybridization, positive signal band at the location of 90 kb was observed in all 11 transformants. Using these verified clones, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana th1-201 mutant for genetic complementation test. Twelve thousands T$_1$ seeds were harvested, and antibiotic selection test is being analyzed to verify whether these seeds were transformed. for rice, COR356 that contains 150 kb human genomic DNA in a BIBAC2 vector was used as the target gene. As the results of transformation, 151 out of 210 co-cultivated calli were survived in selection medium containing 5 mg/L hygromycin, and 45 out of 151 survived calli were regenerated into plants. Transformation efficiency was 21.6%. Progeny test using 71 seeds is being analyzed now. These results provide the potential that large DNA fragments can be transferred into both dicots and monocot by Agrobacterium-mediate d transformation system.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.266-274
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• 2000

Medical image segmentation, which is essential in diagnosis and 3D reconstruction, is performed manually in most applications to produce accurate results. However, manual segmentation requires lots of time to segment, and is difficult even for the same operator to reproduce the same segmentation results for a region. To overcome such limitations, we propose a convenient and accurate semiautomatic segmentation method. The proposed method initially receives several control points of an ROI(Region of Interest Region) from a human operator, and then finds a boundary composed of a minimum cost path connecting the control points, which is the Live-wire method. Next, the boundary is modified to overcome limitations of the Live-wire, such as a zig-zag boundary and erosion of an ROI. Finally, the region is segmented by SRG(Seeded Region Growing), where the modified boundary acts as a blockage to prevent leakage. The proposed User-steered balloon method can overcome not only the limitations of the Live-wire but also the leakage problem of the SRG. Segmentation results of thigh muscles of the Visible Human are presented.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

This paper is a study on Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform, which improved directional information for efficient image processing. Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform satisfies characteristics of shift invariance, and includes 6 directional information, which is more than previous Discrete Wavelet Transform. However, in images of buildings, there are many horizontal and vertical edge components. Therefore, all the high-frequency components of image are not expressed by 6 directional information subbands. This paper proposes 8-directional Complex Wavelet Transform with excellent high-frequency separation features by creating horizontal vertical($0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) subband besides 6 directional information subband of previous Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform. The proposed method can create and combine various directional information subbands according to features of image. Performance is evaluated by applying the method to noise removal.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.20-32
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• 2010

Previous hardware devices to capture human motion have many limitations; expensive equipment, complexity of manipulation or constraints of human motion. In order to overcome these problems, real-time motion capture algorithms based on computer vision have been actively proposed. This paper presents an efficient analysis method of multiple view images for real-time motion capture. First, we detect the skin color regions of human being, and then correct the image coordinates of the regions by using camera calibration and epipolar geometry. Finally, we track the human body part and capture human motion using kalman filter. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate a precise position of the human body.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 2008

SIFT is popularly used in computer vision application such as object recognition, motion tracking, and 3D reconstruction among various shape descriptors. However, it is not easy to apply SIFT into the image similarity search as it is since it uses many high dimensional keypoint vectors. In this paper, we present a SIFT based image similarity search method using an edge image pyramid and an interesting region detection. The proposed method extracts keypoints, which is invariant to contrast, scale, and rotation of image, by using the edge image pyramid and removes many unnecessary keypoints from the image by using the hough transform. The proposed hough transform can detect objects of ellipse type so that it can be used to find interesting regions. Experimental results demonstrate that the retrieval performance of the proposed method is about 20% better than that of traditional SIFT in average recall.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2009

In the present work, the metabolic network of primary metabolism of the slow-growing myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum was reconstructed from the annotated genome sequence of the type strain So ce56. During growth on glucose as the carbon source and asparagine as the nitrogen source, So ce56 showed a very low growth rate of $0.23\;d^{-1}$, equivalent to a doubling time of 3 days. Based on a complete stoichiometric and isotopomer model of the central metabolism, $^{13}C$ metabolic flux analysis was carried out for growth with glucose as carbon and asparagine as nitrogen sources. Normalized to the uptake flux for glucose (100%), cells recruited glycolysis (51%) and the pentose phosphate pathway (48%) as major catabolic pathways. The Entner-Doudoroff pathway and glyoxylate shunt were not active. A high flux through the TCA cycle (118%) enabled a strong formation of ATP, but cells revealed a rather low yield for biomass. Inspection of fluxes linked to energy metabolism revealed that S. cellulosum utilized only 10% of the ATP formed for growth, whereas 90% is required for maintenance. This explains the apparent discrepancy between the relatively low biomass yield and the high flux through the energy-delivering TCA cycle. The total flux of NADPH supply (216%) was higher than the demand for anabolism (156%), indicating additional reactions for balancing of NADPH. The cells further exhibited a highly active metabolic cycle, interconverting $C_3$ and $C_4$ metabolites of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The present work provides the first insight into fluxes of the primary metabolism of myxobacteria, especially for future investigation on the supply of cofactors, building blocks, and energy in myxobacteria, producing natural compounds of biotechnological interest.