• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Two antioxidative compounds in Chrysanthemum boreale were isolated by a bioassay using a 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrydrazyl(DPPH) free radical. They were identified as apigenin, linarin(acacetin-7-O-rutinoside) on the basis of $^1H\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ and MS data. The DPPH radical scavenging activity$(RC_{50}:\;13.3{\mu}g)$ of apigenin was similar to that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol\;(12.1{\mu}g)$ and L-ascorbic acid$(13.1{\mu}g)$

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiallergic and antioxidative effects of Chaenomeles Sinensis (CS). Methods CS pretreatments inhibited anti-DNP IgE in RBL-2H3 mast cells for an hour. we measured cell viability, $\beta$-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ secretion, and IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression CS pretreatments inhibited DNP-HSA($10\;{\mu}g/ml$) for ten minutes, we measured Dicholrodihydrofluorescein(DCF) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity in 0.5 mM 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl(DPPH) radical solution, 0.1ml, 99% ethanol 0.8ml, and CS 0.1 ml mixed solution. Results 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg/ml CS treatments were not affect on cell viability and inhibited b-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ secretion, CS treatments also decreased IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression in RBL-2H3 cells. CS treatments inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Conclusions These results suggest that CS may be useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic disease.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.838-843
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP) prepared from dried root through nine repeated steaming-drying cycles. The total phenolic content of the final cycle of RRP increased to 165.2% compared with that of the 1st cycling product. Antioxidant activities which were determined by ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3 ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, increased remarkably as the number of steaming-drying cycles increased. Especially, FRAP value increased to 89.1%. Further, $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the final 9th-cycling product decreased to 58.3% and 67%, respectively. Based on these results, it was observed that the antioxidant activities of RRP improve according to an increased number of steaming-drying cycles.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2012

Ribes diacanthum Pall (RDP) is a member of the Saxifragaceae family. The plant is traditionally used in Mongolia for the treatment of various ailments associated with kidney and bladder's diseases, cystitis, kidney stone, and edema. This study was aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of whole Pall plants, based on ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ($ABTS{\cdot}+$) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl ($DPPH{\cdot}$), and hydroxyl (${\cdot}OH$) radical scavenging activities. Additionally, total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TPC) were also determined. The ethyl acetate extract of RDP (EARDP) had a remarkable radical scavenging capacity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.1482 mg/mL. In addition, EARDP was shown to be higher in total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the methanol extract of RDP (MRDP). Moreover, the EARDP had the predominant antioxidant capacity, DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing power. These results suggest a potential for R. diacanthum Pall extract as a functional medicinal material against free-radical-associated oxidative damage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activities of Rehmannia glutinosa (Raw Jihwang) by traditional method. The total phenol content of Rehmannia radix Preparata (the final cycle of Jihwang) was increased to 205%, compared with Rehmannia glutinosa. Antioxidant activities, determined by ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3 ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, increased remarkably as the number of steaming-drying cycles increased. Especially, FRAP value increased 285%. Also, $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the final 9th-cycling product, decreased 48.4% and 76%, respectively, compared with those of Rehmannia glutinosa. Our result was suggested that antioxidant activities of Rehmannia radix Preparata improve according to the increasing number of steaming-drying cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.717-725
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• 2016

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects of essential oils of Erigeron annuus L. Flower. Erigeron annuus L. essential oils were obtained by solvent extraction. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt) radical scavenging effect and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Erigeron annuus L. essential oil exhibited free radical scavenging activity on ABTS and DPPH 98.6%, 48.3% respectively, at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Erigeron annuus L. were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Propionibacterium acnes (P. acne) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by paper disc method, MIC and MBC. Erigeron annuus L. essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activities against S. aureus with MIC and MBC values of 0.31 mg/mL. The clear zone, indicating antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, was 14 mm, MIC and MBC values 0.31 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the Erigeron annuus L. essential oils inhibited not only NO production but also the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that Erigeron annuus L. essential oils has considerable potential as a cosmetic ingredient with antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.370-381
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• 2018

Background: To enhance the taste and physiological characteristics of Lycii fructus (Gugija) extracts, we investigated the changes in the physiological characteristics of Gugija extracts caused by adding white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) Methods and Results: Gugija extracts, including 10G10, 10GW-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixtures made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with WG), as well as 10G10, 10GR-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixture made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with RG) were extracted with water at 10 times the respective mixture's volume. The antioxidant activities of Gugija extracts were investigated by assessing their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. As the amount of WG added increased, the DPPH, and, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP activity of the Gugija extract decreased. The half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of 10G10, 10GW-G6 : 4, 10GR-G6 : 4, and 10GR-G0 for DPPH radical scavenging activity were $25.50{\pm}1.04$, $52.06{\pm}1.46$, $16.87{\pm}1.24$, and $9.50{\pm}0.16{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$, respectively. On the other hand, the physiological activity of Gugija extract increased with the addition of increasing amounts of RG. However, ACE inhibitory activity was the highest ($50.25{\pm}2.58%$) in the Gugija 10-fold extract without any added RG. Conclusions: From the above results, we suggest that adding RG to Gugija extracts increase their antioxidant, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2016

The functions of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation were investigated with the crude 80% methanol extract, subfractions and henryin isolated from Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo (I. inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo). Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and superoxide radical scavenging effects. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions exhibited free radical scavenging activity on superoxide with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.9{\mu}g/mL$, $0.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which were stronger activity than that of allopurinol ($2.2{\mu}g/mL$) as reference. For the inhibition of anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong inhibition activity NO production, and henryin isolated from its subfraction reduced the activity in a dose-dependent manner. Ethyl acetate fraction and henryin suppressed not only mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2, but also the mRNA expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines such as, TNF-${\alpha}$, 1L-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that ethyl acetate fraction of I. inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo has considerable potential as a cosmetics ingredient with an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and henryin can be applied as an functional reference.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate differences of antioxidant activity, the content of free amino acids including GABA(gama-amino butyric acid) among mungbean cultivars grown in Highland area (Jinbu) and to compare those between seeds and sprouts. In DPPH (diphenyl picrydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, 'Jangan' mungbean activity was more higher than that of other cultivars. The content of total phenolic compounds of mungbean ranged from 1,186 to $1,493\;{\mu}g/g$ in seed and 2,321 to $2,783\;{\mu}g/g$ in sprout. Among amino acids of seeds, the content of glutamic acid was highest in 'Soseon' mungbean, and contents of almost amino acids increased during sprouting of seeds. The content of GABA that are known as a material having high functional effects on human body was also analyzed. When the relatively high content of GABA was observed in seeds of almost mungbean grown in highland, and their contents rapidly increased after sprouting from seeds. As a result of this experiment, it is expected that mungbean will be developed to a good alternative crop having high value as functional food materials in highland area of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities of black ginseng prepared by nine repeated steaming-drying cycles. Ethanol extracts from each cycle of ginseng showed 33.5~41.0% of yields, 36.2~44.5% of moisture content and $64\sim66^{\circ}Brix$ of soluble solids. As the number of steaming-drying cycles increased, pH decreased, while the absorbance at 420 nm increased remarkably after the 4th cycle. Although the amounts of Rg1 and Rb1 contents quite decreased, the total phenol content of black ginseng (the final cycle of ginseng) was increased to 126%, compared with that of white ginseng. Antioxidant activities, determined by ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3 ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, increased remarkably as the number of steaming-drying cycles increased. Especially, FRAP value increased 155.6%. Also, $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the final 9th-cycling product, decreased 4.5 folds and 9.7 folds, respectively, compared with those of white ginseng. Based on these results, it was suggested that antioxidant activities of black ginseng improve according to the increasing number of steaming-drying cycles, which was derived from increase of total phenol content.