• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1003-1012
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• 2005

The most significant difference of embedded systems from general purpose systems is that embedded systems are allowed to use only limited resources including battery and memory. Especially, the number of applications increases which deal with multimedia data. In those systems with high data computations, the delay of memory access is one of the major bottlenecks hurting the system performance. As a result, many researchers have investigated various techniques to reduce the memory access cost. Most programs generally have locality in memory references. Temporal locality of references means that a resource accessed at one point will be used again in the near future. Spatial locality of references is that likelihood of using a resource gets higher if resources near it were just accessed. The latest embedded processors usually adapt cache memory to exploit these two types of localities. Processors access faster cache memory than off-chip memory, reducing the latency. In this paper we will propose the enhanced dynamic allocation technique for structure-type data in order to eliminate unused memory space and to reduce both the cache miss rate and the application execution time. The proposed approach aggregates fields from multiple records dynamically allocated and consecutively remaps them on the memory space. Experiments on Olden benchmarks show $13.9\%$ L1 cache miss rate drop and $15.9\%$ L2 cache miss drop on average, compared to the previously proposed techniques. We also find execution time reduced by $10.9\%$ on average, compared to the previous work.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.8-15
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• 2018

Solvent extraction behavior of light rare earth elements (Pr, Nd) and medium rare erath elements (Tb, Dy) in the HCl-PC88A-kerosene extraction system was investigated in order to separate high-purity light rare earths (Pr, Nd) and medium rare earths (Tb, Dy) in the mixed rare earth chloride solution. In the batch test step, it was confirmed that the separation efficiency was good when the extractant concentration (PC88A) was 0.5 M, the equilibrium pH after extraction was 0.8 to 1.0 (initial pH 1.3 of the feed), the concentrations of hydrochloric acid in scrubbing solution was set as 0.1 M, the concentrations of hydrochloric acid in stripping solution was set as 2.0 M or more. Based on the experimental data obtained from the batch test, the mixer-settler was composed as follows; 4 stages of extraction, 8 stages of scrubbing, 4 stages of stripping, and 3 stages of pickling organic solution. The Mixer-settler was operated for 180 hours, and the operating conditions were continuously adjusted to obtain the high-purity light/medium rare earths. Finally, the purity of light (Pr, Nd) and medium rare earth elements (Tb, Dy) was reached as 3 N class.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

An 8-hydroxyquinoline compound that was synthesized with 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine was investigated for use as the sensing material of a fiber-optic copper ion sensor in an aqueous environment. The experiment was conducted with a fiber-optic measurement system, in order to evaluate the relationship between the absorbance peak and copper ion concentration. The synthesized derivative exhibited a (highly selective) chromogenic phenomenon for copper ions among various metal ions in an aqueous environment and showed a specific absorbance peak at a wavelength of 530 nm for copper ions. The effect of mercury ions was investigated to evaluate the selectivity of the prepared synthesized derivatives toward Cu ions. The absorbance was measured at various concentration ratios of Cu and Hg ions (Cu:Hg ratios from 0.05 to 20), and it was found that the absorbance at 530 nm tended to increase with increasing Cu ion concentration. The experimental results also showed the linear relationship between the logarithmic concentration of copper ions and the specific absorbance peak at a wavelength of 530 nm. These results indicate that the synthesized 8-hydroxyquinoline compound has selectivity for copper ions and can be used as a sensing material for fiber-optic copper ion sensors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the factors influencing internal marketing at hospitals on job satisfaction and customer orientation among nurses in order to provide basic data necessary for management of nursing personnel. From December 26, 2018 to January 4, 2019, the study surveyed 255 nurses at a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation, and linear regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. First, the results of this study show that the effect of marketing inside the hospital on job satisfaction was statistically significant. Second, marketing inside hospitals was found to have a statistically significant effect on customer orientation. Thirdly, it was found that the effect of job satisfaction on customer orientation was statistically significant. Fourth, the effect of job satisfaction parameters on the relationship between marketing and customer orientation within the hospital 1st and 2nd stages appeared to have a statistically significant positive (+) impact, and three steps were found to be independent variables. The regression coefficients for organizational vision and future image, organizational attributes and systems, communication, and education/training system by sub-factors of internal marketing at hospitals significantly appeared.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

This paper assessed environmental impact of tidal power plant construction in the western sea of Korea, and diagnosed problems of the related assessment. We also proposed key assessment items (scoping) and system improvement for environmental impact assessment (EIA). The establishment of a broad consensus of the appropriateness and a clear purpose for business is an important aspect of the aptness of using the waters, and the aggressive collecting of opinions of the stakeholder and institutions will have to be fulfilled. In addition, we presented the following scoping plan in order to minimize the negative effects of the marine ecosystem and the conflict between the people who work in the fishing industry which result due to the construction of the tidal power plants. (1) the change in seawater exchange rates and the aspect of erosion/sedimentation which result from the change in the velocity of running fluid, (2) the destruction of spawns/habitats of fish due to the damage of tidal flats, (3) fishery resources, impacts of fishing grounds, and the spread of suspended sediments, etc. will have to be applied to the key assessment items(scoping). In addition, every citizen will have work hard for an establishment of an active plan which achieves the harmony and balance of environmental preservation and for the policy to be applied through changing their consciousness of environmental preservation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to understand the influence of acupuncture on the human body by comparing changes within human bodies before and after people in normal health are treated with acupuncture at the acupoints HT7 and PC9, which are related to mental functions. Methods : The study was performed from January 3, 2008 to March 5, 2008 on 60 healthy males and females in their 20s. HRV, EEG, skin conductance response, respiration and peripheral skin temperature were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture simulation was applied to the acupoints HT7 and PC9. During 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, the same items were continuously measured to determine whether there had been any changes, and they were then measured for 5 minutes after the removal of the acupuncture needles in order to implement a comparative analysis. Results : 1. The HRV measurement showed that in the course of before, during and after acupuncture stimulation, heart rate, HF and HF norm decreased significantly (P<0.05) at HT7. LF, LF norm, and LF/HF ratio increased significantly (P>0.05), while heart rate, HF and HF norm decreased significantly (P<0.05) at PC9. 2. Skin conductance response increased significantly (P<0.05) at PC9 during and after the acupuncture simulation periods, compared with the pre acupuncture period. 3. the peripheral skin temperature increased significantly (P<0.05) both at HT7 and PC9 in the course of before, during and after acupuncture stimulation. 4. Compared with the pre-acupuncture period, respiration rate increased both at HT7 and at PC9 during and after the acupuncture simulation periods, but not in a statistically significance. 5. In the EEG measurement, when compared with the pre-acupuncture period at HT7, mid ${\beta}$ wave decreased significantly (P<0.05) during acupuncture treatment. Compared with the measurements during acupuncture treatment at PC9, low ${\beta}$ wave increased significantly (P<0.05) after the acupuncture needles were removed. Conclusions : When acupuncture treatment is applied at the acupoints HT7 and PC9, the activation of parasympathetic nerves decreases and the activation of sympathetic nerves increases in the HRV measurement. It was determined that PC9 makes the sympathetic nerves become highly activated in a skin conduction response. The effect of stability in the brain wave seemed to bo shown at HT7 than PC9.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1046-1051
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• 2012

In order to investigate the changes in bioactive materials induced in goldfish brains by $^{18}F$ irradiation, the variations in the neurotransmitter levels in the whole brain were studied. The distance between the goldfish and 580 mCi of $^{18}F$ was about 4 cm, and the exposure lasted for 4 hrs. The absorption level calculated based on the distance, exposure time, and half-life of $^{18}F$ was approximately 2 Gy. After sacrifice by $^{18}F$ irradiation or untreated conditions, ten brains were dissected or immediately frozen, respectively. The tissues were extracted in acetic acid. After lyophilization, the samples were dissolved in distilled water and were further purified on a reverse-phase HPLC column. There were no differences in the intensities of the bioactive materials between $^{18}F$-exposed goldfish and control goldfish, while the only peak corresponded to 13 min, which indicated a significant increase in the irradiated brains. Our analysis has found that this compound is tryptophan. This result suggests that $^{18}F$ leads to changes in a classical neurotransmitter, tryptophan, in both the brains of control goldfish and goldfish contaminated by irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine and analyze the infection management status of Jeju-area general hospitals, and in order to convey the importance of infection management, and to determine role plans of medical technologists as infection management staff, the infection management status was examined through surveys targeting 7 general hospitals located in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The infection management of Jeju-area medical institutions showed excellence in that all institutions operated an infection management room, there was dedicated manpower, and hospital infection management guidelines were established and executed. However most institutions were operating their infection management room with only 1 nurse, reporting many difficulties in securing dedicated manpower, microbe-related culture deciphering, frequency of multiple-resistance bacteria, infection statistics, and details on microbe testing. Accordingly, it is believed that the medical technologist who can perform the practical tasks of infection management has sufficient qualification and experience in infection management as per the medical law enforcement regulations, and in operation of an infection management room. If medical technologists (infection control microbiological technologist) with expert knowledge on microbes and infection control nurses can execute the tasks as dedicated personnel, the operation of the infection management room will be more advanced. In addition, for proper infection management in the future, the introduction of a medical system specialized in infection management and full support for infection management of vulnerable small/medium hospitals in addition to general hospitals across the country is considered important.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.461-471
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• 2015

In this study, we generated orthoimages and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to confirm the accuracy of possibility of geospatial information system generation, then compared the DEM with the topographic height values measured from Real Time Kinematic-GPS (RTK-GPS). The DEMs were generated from aerial triangulation method using fixed-wing UAV and rotary-wing UAV, and DEM based on the waterline method also generated. For the accurate generation of mosaic images and DEM, the distorted images occurred by interior and exterior orientation were corrected using camera calibration. In addition, we set up the 30 Ground Control Points (GPCs) in order to correct of the UAVs position error. Therefore, the mosaic images and DEM were obtained with geometric error less than 30 cm. The height of generated DEMs by UAVs were compared with the levelled elevation by RTK-GPS. The value of R-square is closely 1. From this study, we could confirm that accurate DEM of the tidal flat can be generated using UAVs and these detailed spatial information about tidal flat will be widely used for tidal flat management.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.207-229
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• 2019

It is a general recognition that more serious criminal acts in a certain area of society should be given more serious condemation than the same general crimnal act. In particular, considering the purpose of the medical treatment and the trust relationship between the doctor and the patient, the sexual violence by doctor in medical field can not be placed on the same line as that of the general public. But the special legislation to solve this through criminal legal sanctions is not desirable. The basic principle of criminal law ist ultima ratio, so the principle of supplementality. It means to try to solve by all possible means and finally to enter with punishment. A flat and hasty Reaction without the considering of the speciality of medical treatment will cause serious cracking in that area. In addition, it will not be able to expect desirable results in legal practice by breaking down the legal system. Rather, administrative regulation is more efficient than punishment sanctions. But the best way is autonomous control by members of the medical area. Penalties in criminal law must make an enterance at the last, and administrative regulation should be timely intervene in specific situations through diversification. In conclusion, state interventions should be farthest in order to proceed to autonomous control of medical area.