• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2003

The ability of robot is being various and complex. The robot is utilizing distance, image data and voice data for sensing its circumstance. This paper suggests the 2-layer fuzzy control as the algorithm that control robot with various sensor information. In a obstacle avoidance, it utilizes many range finders and classifies them into 3parts(front, left, right). In 3 sub-controllers, the controller executes fuzzy conference. And then it executes combined control with a combination of outputs of 3 sub-controllers in the second step. The text compares the 2-layer fuzzy controller with the hierarchical fuzzy controller that has analogous structure. And the performance of the 2-layer fuzzy controller is confirmed by application this controller to robot following, simulation to each other and real experiment.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.417-435
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• 2011

Mathematical justification is essential to assert with reason and to communicate. Students learn mathematical justification in 8th grade in Korea. Recently, However, many researchers point out that justification be taught from young age. Lots of studies say that students can deduct and justify mathematically from in the lower grades in elementary school. I conduct questionnaire to know awareness and steps of elementary school students and middle school students. In the case of 9th grades, the rate of students to deduct is highest compared with the other grades. The rease is why 9th grades are taught how to deductive justification. In spite of, however, the other grades are also high of rate to do simple deductive justification. I want to focus on the 6th and 5th grades. They are also high of rate to deduct. It means we don't need to just focus on inducing in elementary school. Most of student needs lots of various experience to mathematical justification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is the acquisitions of knowledge related in job searching from local companies and job seekers using data mining techniques. At the first step, for the study, we had selected the local companies their headquarters are located in Jeonbuk province. Then we had picked the graduating students out from the high schools, colleges, and universities in the same area as the job seekers. After the targeting of the sample, we had surveyed 560 local companies and 14 schools for the collecting of the preliminary data. As the result of the survey, we could collect 173 responses from the companies and 551 responses from the job seekers. At the second step using data mining, we had adapted the C5.0 algorithm to extract the inference rules. Then we had used the Visual Basic (VB) programming language to visualize the rules at the third step. At the fourth step, we transformed the inference rules into DB tables. At the final step, we had executed the rule inferences to support the development of the long-term human resources development (HRD) strategies. As the result of the study, we could suggest the helpful information to the HRD directors and job seekers in designing their strategies in managing their jobs and career development.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-186
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• 2016

This paper introduces a multi-phase fuzzy risk graph model, representing a method for determining for SIL values for railway industry systems. The purpose of this paper is to compensate for the shortcomings of qualitative determination, which are associated with input value ambiguity and the subjectivity problem of expert judgement. The multi-phase fuzzy risk graph model has two phases. The first involves the determination of the conventional risk graph input values of the consequence, exposure, avoidance and demand rates using fuzzy theory. For the first step of fuzzification this paper proposes detailed input parameters. The fuzzy inference and the defuzzification results from the first step will be utilized as input parameters for the second step of the fuzzy model. The second step is to determine the safety integrity level and tolerable hazard rate corresponding to be identified hazard in the railway industry. To validate the results of the proposed the multi-phase fuzzy risk graph, it is compared with the results of a safety analysis of a level crossing system in the CENELEC SC 9XA WG A0 report. This model will be adapted for determining safety requirements at the early concept design stages in the railway business.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.1 s.18
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• pp.89-98
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• 2004

한국과 미국(North Carolina주)의 확률과 통계 교육 내용을 고찰한 결과 한국과 미국(North Carolina주)은 내용적인 면에서 많은 차이를 보였다. 한국의 경우, 9-가 단계와 10-가 단계, 선택과목 중 수학 I, 실용수학, 이산수학 과목에 제시되어 있는 확률과 통계 영역은 심화선택과목인 확률과 통계 과목의 내용을 축소하여 재구성한 내용을 제시하고 있다. 미국(North Carolina주)은 한국과는 달리, Introductory Mathematics, Algebra(I, II), Technical Mathematics(1, 2) Advanced Mathematics, Advanced Placement Calculus, Discrete Mathematics, Integrated Mathematics(1, 2, 3), Geometry 과목에서 확률과 통계 영역은 각 과목과 연관성 있는 내용으로 구성되어 있다. 한국의 심화 선택과목인 확률과 통계 과목과 미국(North Carolina주)의 AP통계(Advanced Placement Statistics)를 비교한 결과, 전체적으로, 자료의 정리, 확률변수와 확률분포 영역에서 한국과 미국(North Carolina주)은 거의 유사성을 보이고 있지만, 통계적 추론에서는 미국(North Carolina주)이 한국에 비하여 강화되어 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.215-237
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to illuminate the precise nature and the central line of Kant's proof of the causal principle stated in the Second Analogy of the 2nd. edition of the Critique of Pure Reason. The study argues for the following thesis: 1. The proof of the Second Analogy concerns only the causal principle called the "every-event-some-cause" principle, and not the causal law(s) called the "same-cause-same-event" principle. 2. The goal of the proof is to establish the possibility of knowledge of an temporal order of successive states of an object. 3. The proof is broadly an single transcendental argument in two steps. The 1st. step is an analytic argument that infers from the given perceptions of an oder of successive states of an objects to the conclusion that the causal principle is the necessary condition for the objectivity of dies perceived order. The 2nd. step is a synthetic argument that infers from the formal nature of time to the conclusion that the causal principle is a necessary condition for die possibility of objective alterations and of empirical knowledge of these alterations. 4. The poof involves not the 'non sequitur' assumed by P. F. Strawson, that is, Kant infers not directly from a feature of our perceptions to a conclusion regarding the causal relations of distinct states of affairs that supposedly correspond to these perceptions.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.226-241
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• 2014

LOD(Linked Open Data) is composed of RDF triples which are based on ontologies. They are identified, linked, and accessed under the principles of linked data. Publications of LOD data sets lead to the extension of LOD cloud and ultimately progress to the web of data. However, if ontologically the same things in different LOD data sets are identified by different URIs, it is difficult to figure out their sameness and to provide trustworthy links among them. To solve this problem, we suggest a Trustworthiness Improving Link Evaluation, TILE for short, technique. TILE evaluates links in 4 steps. Step 1 is to consider the inference property of syntactic elements in LOD data set and then generate RDF triples which have existed implicitly. In Step 2, TILE appoints predicates, compares their objects in triples, and then evaluates links between the subjects in the triples. In Step 3, TILE evaluates the predicates' syntactic property at the standpoints of subject description and vocabulary definition and compensates the evaluation results of Step 2. The syntactic elements considered by TILE contain RDFS, OWL, OWL2 which are recommended by W3C. Finally, TILE makes the publisher of LOD data set review the evaluation results and then decide whether to re-evaluate or finalize the links. This leads the publishers' responsibility to be reflected in the trustworthiness of links among the data published.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1997

기하학적 사고력 개발이라는 우리의 목표는 궁극적으로 보다 낮은 수준의 학생들에게 보다 높은 수준으로 나아가게 하는 경험을 주는 것이다. 학생들이 보다 높은 수준에서 추론할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 그들이 보다 낮은 수준에서 충분하고 효율적인 학습 경험을 가져야 한다는 것이다. 예를 들면 분수에서 이루어지는 것처럼 기계적인 암기식으로 사물을 학습함으로써 수준(단계)을 뛰어 넘으려고 노력하면은 그들이 학습한 것에 관한 많은 것을 기억할 수 없을 것이다. 조작에 관한 보다 풍부한 경험과 시각적으로 입체감을 주는 설명을 들은 어린이들이 보다 훌륭한 공간 추론을 할 수 있을 것이라 믿는다. 본 고에서는 기하학적인 사고의 개발에 관한 van Hiele 모델이 초등학교에서 기하 수업의 토론을 위한 기초로서 사용되어졌다. 그 모델의 수준들이 묘사되었고 일반적으로 초등학교 아동들의 사고는 0수준과 1수준이라 는 것이 밝혀졌다. 단지 극소수의 아동들이 2수준의 사고에 도달해 있을 것이다. 그러나 만약 초등학교에서의 수업이 기하학적인 개념을 구성하는데 주안점을 둔다면 보다 많은 어린이들이 2 수준의 사고를 보여줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 0 수준의 어린이들은 도형의 형태에 초점이 맞추어져있고 1 수준의 어린이들은 도형의 성질을 이해하는데 에 있다. 2 수준의 사고자는 도형의 포함관계를 이해하고 비공식적으로 추론 할 수 있다. 처음 세 수준에서의 활동들에 대한 지침이 주어져 있으며 0 수준과 1수준에 연관되는 다수의 활동들을 묘사했다. 0수준의 어린이들을 위해 묘사된 활동들은 그들이 2차원 및 3차원의 도형 둘 다를 시각화하는데 도움을 주는 것이다. 1 수준에서 사고하는 학습자들을 위해 묘사된 활동들은 2차원 및 3차원 도형의 성질들을 강조했다. 아울러 본 고에서 언급한 활동들은 상호교수에의 접근을 반영했다. 그러한 접근방식은 학습자들로 하여금 그들의 활동과 의견으로부터 개념을 구성하게 해주며 그들의 활동 결과에 대해 다른 사람들과 의사소통 함으로서 개념을 명확하게 다듬어지게 해줄 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 평가 활동들이 본고의 마지막 부분에 주어져있다. 그러한 활동들은 교사들에게 어린이들의 기하학적인 사고수준을 결정하게 해주며 학습자들로 하여금 수업시간 이외에 보다 높은 사고수준으로 나아가게 해줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

On movie review sites, movie ratings are determined by netizens' subjective judgement. This means that inconsistency between ratings and opinions from netizens often occurs. To solve this problem, this paper proposes sentiment sentence sets which affect movie evaluation, and apply sets to comments to infer ratings. Creation of sentiment sentence sets is consisted of two stages, construction of sentiment word dictionary and creation of sentiment sentences for sentiment estimation. Sentiment word dictionary contains sentimental words and its polarities included in reviews. Elements of sentiment sentences are combined with movie related noun and predicate from words sentiment word dictionary. In this study, to make correspondence between polarity of sentiment sentence and sentiment word dictionary, sentiment sentences which have different polarity with sentiment word dictionary are removed. The scores of comments are calculated by applying averages of sentiment sentences elements. The result of experiment shows that sentence scores from sentiment sentence sets are closer to reflect real opinion of comments than ratings by netizens'.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.291-319
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate students' thinking and understanding through working on Worked-out Examples on numbers and operations, specifically, radical and real numbers and operations in the middle grades. For this purpose, we developed a set of Worked-out Examples; middle school students independently worked on them. Then two students were interviewed. These data were analyzed by using the framework of mathematical proficiency. The data analysis suggested that the students seemed to go through the processes involving a combination of understanding and computation, computation and reasoning, and understanding, computation and reasoning. Also, it appeared that most of the students have difficult solving problems involving with radical and real numbers in related to strategic competence.