• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

It is happening a lot that the pediatric patients who are offering help in emergency room with background 119 rescuer require emergency care compared to adults. Our study was conducted to have a clear grasp of the status quo of pediatric patients who are offering help in emergency room with 119 rescuer. METHOD & OBJECT pediatric patients under 8 age who were offering help was conducted as objects by 119 cases from January, 2006 to January 2007, with 119 rescuer at C university hospital in Gwangju metropolitan city, which were 87 cases for a boy(73.1%), 32 cases for a girl. Based on emergency diary of emergency members and the medical treatment record of emergency room in C university hospital, a disease and a type of an external wound were analyzed according to ages of these patients, a time zone and season. RESULT In terms of an age, 25 cases(21.0%) have less than 1 age extremelymuch, in case of emergency, 61 cases(51.3%), which were more than non-emergency, in terms of happened places of patients, there were households up to 78 cases(65.5%) extremely much. In terms of happened time, 13:00 to 18:00 have highest data up to 48 cases(40.3%). According to season, there were no big differences in 4 seasons(spring : 30.3%, summer : 24.4%, fall : 29.4%, winter : 16.0%). In case of being offered help at emergency room due to diseases, 1-2 ages have highest estimate with 55.7%, in terms of a time zone, 19:00-24:00 have highest with 33.7%, in terms of season, summer(6, 7, 8) have highest with 32.8%. in case of traffic accident, 7-8 age have highest with 47.1%, according to a time zone, 13:00 to 18:00 have highest with 88.2%, according to season, fall have highest with 64.7%. In case of an external wound, 3-4 age have highest with 38.2%, according to a time zone, 13:00-18:00 have highest with 41.2%, according to season, spring have highest with 38.2%. CONCLUSION It shows that in case of pediatric patients who were offering help at emergency room with 119 rescuer, a pediatric under 1 age was due to a disease, in case of an external wound, there were 3-4 age, in case of traffic accident, 7-8 age have highest, a case for emergency have highest.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aims to provide basic data to establish an effective emergency medical service system by analyzing health educator' understanding and use of emergency medical service system at schools. Method : 93 questionnaires from 200 elementary, middle and high school nurses in the city D were collected from May 26 to July 7, 2008 and ${\chi}^2$ analysis and frequency analysis were carried out with SPSS win PC 14.0. Results : 1. As for emergency contact points, 3(3.30%) answers 'they do not have any knowledge', 40(43.96%) said 'they have some idea' and 48(52.75%) said 'they do know about it'. Among 24 respondents who have less than five years of working experience, 2(8.33%), 16(66.67%) and 6(25.00%) answered 'have no knowledge', 'a little knowledge' and 'clear knowledge on it' respectively. As for 9 who have 6-10 years of career, 1(12.50%), 4(50.00%) and 3(37.50%) answered 'have no knowledge', 'a little knowledge' and 'clear knowledge on it' respectively. Among 32 respondents who have 11~20 years, there were no respondents with no knowledge on the given question, and 9(29.03%) said they have some understanding and 22(70.97%) answered they have clear understanding on the topic. From this result, it can be said that there is statistically meaningful differences among different working year groups with ${\chi}^2=16.583$ and p= .010. 2. As for 119 emergency contact in the given district, 24(29.63%), 30(37.04%) and 27 (33.33%) answered 'do not know', 'know' and 'know very well' respectively. As for the question to ask whether they know Emergency Medical Information Center 1339, 66(70.97%) answered 'Yes' and 27(29.03%) answered 'No'. When it comes to emergency contact numbers and list of hospitals, 59(63.44%) said 'they have some list', 20(21.51%) answered 'they have well established contact network' and 14(15.05%) said 'they have none'. 3. As for the use of 119 service at the time of emergency at schools, 59(63.44%), said 'Yes' and 12(12.90%) answered 'No'. Among those who said 'yes', 29(31.18%), 24(25.81%) and 5(5.38%) answered they have used the service 1-2, 3-5 and 6-10 times respectively. Conclusion : In order to ensure health educator to effectively deal with emergency situations at schools, there should be special activities to enhance health educator' understanding on 119 and Emergency Medical Information Center 1339 and at the same time, a system should be established to connect schools, 119 in a given district, hospitals and Emergency Medical Information Center 1339.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate both the occurrence status of emergency vehicles traffic accidents and contents of the experiences of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in fire station. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 451 EMTs in fire stations in 6 cities provinces from February 9, 2017 to February 27, 2017. Results: Of 451 EMTs, 207 (45.9%) had traffic accidents experience. Regarding environment-related features, results indicated hour (12~18 hours), place (national highway), traffic flow (smooth), weather (clear), season (winter), and day (Friday). Regarding correlation analysis of differences in the number of ambulance traffic accidents pursuant to general features of accident-experienced drivers as a human factor, there were no significant differences in recruitment, driving careers of regular cars, driving careers of fire engines, and class but there were significant differences in fire-fighting careers. Accident experience in the group with careers over 6 years and less than 10 years higher than in the other groups. Conclusion: Efforts to expand fire engine driving education programs for the prevention of traffic accidents involving 119 emergency vehicles are required.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

Purpose: This descriptive study examined awareness of and ethical attitudes associated with Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders in 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Method: In total, 255 paramedics and basic EMTs completed questionnaires between March and May, 2013. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: A chi-square analysis revealed significantly different responses given by paramedics and basic EMTs: Paramedics gave "the reason in which DNR is not necessary", as being "due to unclear DNR decision time" whereas basic EMTs answered that this was "due to a legal problem" ($x^2$ = 12.680, p < .05). Paramedics disagreed with the statement, "It is natural for medical teams to have less interest in patients with DNT orders", whereas basic EMTs agreed with the statement ($x^2$ = 6.666, p < .05). Conclusion: A unified manual on attitude toward DNR orders, taking account of social and culture factors, needs to be developed. This research provides a base line for future research.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the ergonomic design of first-aid activity space(FAS) for a future ambulance suitable for the performance of 119 EMT. Methods: Questionnaire was filled out by the 124 EMT in 119 centers. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sub factors including the satisfaction and compatibility of the FAS. The satisfaction and compatibility was analyzed based on characteristics of the subjects. Results: The satisfaction rate of the FAS within the ambulance was an average of 2.23, and the compatibility category got an overall average score of 2.26. The lowest ranked criteria in the satisfaction and compatibility factor was the functionality of storage space showing 1.93 and 1.88, respectively. The best position of the paramedic seat was the top side of the patient, near the head, which is suitable for patient assessment and treatment. Conclusion: During patient transportation of 119 EMTs, for efficient work process, a layout design of the FAS should be based on ergonomics that satisfied the performance function.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-103
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• 2021

Purpose: This study measured the mental health levels of 119 paramedics, and identified the association of mental health levels with safety environments, personal protective equipment, and coronavirus risk awareness. Methods: A total of 119 out of 428 from Daegu and Gyeongbuk took part in this study. The statistical analysis methods were the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: In a multiple regression analysis, females (β=-.137, p=<.001) showed a higher relevance to negative mental health than males. The moderate satisfied (β=-.088, p=.014) and dissatisfied (β=-.147, p=.006) showed a higher relevance to negative mental health than higher satisfied. Moderate stress perception (β=-.199, p=<.001) and higher stress perception (β=-.414, p=<.001) showed a higher relevance to negative mental health than lower stress perception. Corona-virus risk awareness (β=-.050, p=.045) was related to negative mental health and safety environment (β=.136, p=<.001). Personal protective equipment (β=.147, p=<.001) were related to positive mental health. Conclusion: Conclusively, it is necessary to develop and implement high-quality intervention programs using significantly influencing variables to impact the mental health of 119 paramedics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics and appropriateness of the Korean-type severity classification by ambulance based on the medical records of 43,561 emergency patients who were brought to the emergency medical center via ambulance between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Methods: This study analyzed the classification characteristics of the Korean severity classification tool by applying them to emergency patients who visited the emergency medical center. Results: As a result of the study first, among the categories of home hospitals according to the results of visits, "other," "low consciousness," and "dyspnea" in the order of 129 ambulances were statistically significantly higher. In the order of "low consciousness" and "trauma," the "trauma" category was 5.3% higher than that of 129 ambulances. Conclusion: Among the classification items, "others," "low consciousness," and "dyspnea" were significantly higher in the group of patients who boarded 129 ambulances, and "others," "low consciousness," and "traumatic" were significantly higher in the 119 ambulances.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.102-115
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate transport activities and strategize improvement of 119 rescue. We reviewed emergency care records of users who were transported by 119 rescue of six agencies in Chungnam from July 13, 1998 to August 8, 1998. The results were as follows ; 1. In sex distribution of users, the male was 65.0%. And the highest age group among users was above sixties(21.6%), then thirties in second order(19.3%). Accident was 50.8% as occupied first cause of transport, and then acute disease 22.8%. The highest requester for 119 rescue call was patient's families(47.1%) and average number of 119 rescue users per day was 20.9. 2. The nonurgent state of users was 58.9%. The frequency of users was 26.0 persons at sunday in most frequently, weekend and holiday was more common than ordinary day, and most frequent weather state was cloudy(23.8 persons). 3. Total running distance of 119 ambulance was 7.0km in average. Call time by users was 20-24 hours most commonly(21.9%). In then running time by each transport stage, 8 minutes were taken from 119 call receipt to scene arrival, 13 minutes from scene arrival to hospital. The kinds of pre-hospital care by 119 rescuer was vital sign check(81.2%), wound dressing or fracture fixation(41.2%), airway maintenance and O2 supply(30.4%).

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the perfromance of the emergency medical technicians (EMTs) utilizing smart advance life support (SALS) and to provide appropriate feedback to improve SALS performance. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from 119 EMT members working in G city participating in SALS project. A total of 155 data were used in the analysis. Results: Of the three areas, the mean score of importance was the highest (4.53±0.48). followed by educational needs (4.24±0.66), and SALS performance (4.08±0.55). Importance was identified as a significant factor influencing SALS performance (β=.187, p<.047).The length of education. work scope. amd role of level 1 EMTs vary significantly depending on the type of qualifications they have as emergency medical professionals, while the supply of level 1 EMTs has already reached a point of saturation. Accordingly, the current regulation on allowing level 2 EMTs with at least three years of experience to take the level 1 EMT test presents serious inequity for students just graduating from their emergency medical services program. It is also a factor that degrades the professionalism of level 1 EMTs. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was found that mediation and education programs need to be implemented to highlight the importance of the tasks performed in SALS situations in order to improve performance.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to identify changes in patients' transport time and chief complaints visiting the emergency room via emergency medical services from the "pre-COVID-19 period" compared to the "COVID-19 early-stage period". Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the emergency medical services reports at two time periods defined by the COVID-19 virus outbreak in Korea. The study was conducted in Busan, the Republic of Korea, from January 19 through May 6, 2019. Results: The transfer time of patients transported during the "COVID-19 early-stage period" was significantly delayed compared to the "pre-COVID-19 period" (p<.05). We found a significant increase in transport time for patients complaining of respiratory infections compared to patients without symptoms (p<.05). During the "COVID-19 early-stage period", there was a significant increase in the number of patients with respiratory infections and patients complaining of general symptoms compared to the "COVID-19early-stage period" (p<.05). Conclusion: The spread of the COVID-19 virus infection delayed patient transport and increased the number of patients reporting respiratory infection symptoms. Emergency medical services will need administrative and economic support to transport the increased number of patients requiring services.