• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.106-115
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• 1997

Objective : To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety afforded by the HG-II$^{(R)}$ recombinant hepatitis B vaccine given to healthy neonates and children and to find the influence of preceding BCG vaccination on immunogenicity. Methods : Three doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with a dose of $10{\mu}g$ were given at birth, 1 and 6 months of age. This study was conducted in three hospitals (Gyeongsang National University Hospital(Group A), Kangnam General Hospital(Group B) and Younsei University Hospital(Group C)) from April, 1995 to June, 1996. Group A and Group B received 2nd dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 week after and before BCG vaccine, respectively. Antibidy levels, at 1 month after the 3rd dose of hepatitis B vaccine were determined by a radioimmunoassay. Results : 1) One hundred four infants and ten children were enrolled : 55 infants and 43 infants received 2nd dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 week after( After BCG Group) and before BCG vaccine(Before BCG Group), respectively. 2) The seropositive rate was 99.1%, and geometric mean anti-HBs titer was 131.2mIU/ml. 3) The geometric mean titers were 105.5mIU/ml and 162.8mIU/ml in After BCG and Before BCG Group, respectively(p<0.025). 4) Among 359 episodes of vaccination, the occurrence of systemic and local side reaction were reported in 7.8% and 1.4%, respectively. Conclusion : Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine(HG-II$^{(R)}$))was highly immunogenic and safe. The significantly lower geometric mean antibody titer in the BCG preceding group was observed. Well-designed controlled study with the large number of sample size will be required to show the influence of preceding BCG vaccination.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

To guarantee the effectiveness of the HACCP(Hazard analysis and critical control points) system, it is necessary to develop of an ontology-based information system that can automatically manage the large amount of HACCP records or information derived from the HACCP operation results. In this paper, we construct a food information ontology which represents the relationships between ingredients, recipe, and features of food categories. Moreover, we develop HACCP automation application adopt the ontology to verify the semantic quality of the designed ontology model by performing HACCP processes such as HACCP diet classification. We expect to contribute to develop a food hygiene information and improve the accuracy of the HACCP data through the semantic system.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.97-105
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• 1995

본 연구의 목적은 드는 작업에 있어서 한국 작업자의 적정하중을 구하여 중량물 안전기준을 정하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 주어진 작업조건하에서 피실험자가 들어올릴 수 있는 적정하중을 결정하기 위 한 기준으로서 피실험자 자신에 의해서 인지되는 스트레스 정도를 이용하는 심리육체적 방법(Psychophysical method), 주어진 작업조건하에서 요추에 가해지는 압력을 이용하는 생체역학적 방법(Biomechanical method), 주어진 작업조건하에서 피실험자의 에너지 소모량을 이용하는 생리학적 접근법등이 이용되었다. 피실험자는 학생(n=3) 두개의 군으로 나뉘어진다. 실험에 들어가기 전에 피실험자에 대한 인체측정과 근력측정을 수행 하였다. 실험은 수직면에서 드는 빈도(1,2, 와 4회/분)와 드는 높이(0-8cm 와 47-102cm)를 조합한 6가지의 작업을 무작위로 선택하여 심리육체적 방법으로 각 작업에 대한 적정하중을 구하였다. 연구결과로서 피실험 자의 신체자료와 근력의 비교로부터 신체조건은 학생이 우수하였으나, 근력은 작업자가 우수하였다. 본 연구 에서 채택된 들기의 빈도가 변함에 따라 최대허용 하중은 변하였다. 작업자군에 대하여는 빈도가 증가할수록 최대허용 하중은 감소하였으며, 학생군에 대하여는 분당 1회와 분당 4회간의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 들기의 시작-종점의 변화에따른 최대허용 하중은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 위의 두 결과는 들기의 빈도가 들기의 시작-종점보다 민감한 변수임을 가리키며 이는 미국 NIOSH의 결과와 일치한다. 심리육체적 방법을 사용하여 우리나라의 젊고 건강한 남성의 대부분(99%)을 고려하여 산출된 최대허용 하중은 미국 NIOSH 안전기준과 큰 차 이가 없음을 발견하였다. 또한 이 최대허용 하중은 인체역학적방법과 생리학적 방법을 사용하여 검토한 결과, 무리가 없는 수준임이 입증되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로우리나라 젊고 건강한 남성에게 적합한 무게상수는 작업자군에 대하여 25.05kg, 학생군에 대하여 20.24kg 으로 나타나 이는 미국 NIOSH 안전기준과 대체로 일치함을 발견하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2015

연구목적: 이 연구는 노동부의 보건진단 명령에 의해 유리섬유 강화플라스틱(FRP)을 이용한 이중벽 탱크 제조 사업장의 적층 공정 근로자들을 대상으로 스티렌 노출 특성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구방법: 스티렌의 주요발생원 파악을 위해 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지(UPR), 경화제, 조색제, 세척액 등의 원료 내 스티렌 함유량을 가스크로마토그래피 질량분석기(GC-MS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. FRP 적층 공정에 근무하는 작업자들을 대상으로 NIOSH 1501 공정시험법에 의해 공기 중 스티렌 노출 농도에 대한 개인노출 평가를 실시하였고, 생물학적 노출 지표로 뇨 중 만델릭산을 채취한 후 고성능액체크로마토그래피(HPLC)로 분석하였다. 또한 각 직무 특성과 단위작업 중심으로 스티렌에 대한 단시간 노출평가를 수행하였다. 연구결과: 스티렌의 함유량이 가장 많은 주요 원료는 중량비율로37%의 스티렌이 함유된 UPR이었다. 적층 공정의 FRP분무 작업자와 보조 작업자들 모두 스티렌의 8시간 가중평균 노출기준(20 ppm)을 초과하였다. 단시간 노출평가 결과 FRP분무 작업자의 경우 45.9 ppm에서 86.1 ppm 수준으로 FRP를 사용하지 않는 작업보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수준이었다(P<0.01). 가장 높은 수준의 스티렌에 노출되는 단위작업은 FRP를 이용하여 1차 코팅 하는 작업으로 특별한 관리가 필요하였다. 결론: 보건진단을 위해 실시한 이중벽 탱크 제조 사업장의FRP 적층 공정 작업자의 스티렌 노출수준은 노출기준을 초과할 정도로 높은 수준이었다. 그러나 탱크를 천장에 매달고 돌리면서 적층작업을 수행하기 때문에 적절한 국소환기 시스템을 구축하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 적절한 방독마스크 착용으로 스티렌 노출 예방이 필요하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between sleep time and depression and suicidal ideation in middle aged women. The subjects of this study were 1,617 women aged 40-64 years who participated in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-2), 2017. Data were downloaded from the KNHANES website and were analysed through complex sampling design data analysis using IBM SPSS 21.0 program. Suicidal ideation is 3.65 times higher in women who sleeps for five hours or less in weekend than in women who sleeps more than seven hours and less than nine hours in weekend. These result indicate that suicide prevention program for middle aged women should include strategies for maintaining proper sleep times and women who sleeps for five hours or less should be considered as a priority intervention case. In additions, further studies on the relationship between sleep times and depression of middle aged women should be conducted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

Purpose : The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a certain community reflects that community's living standards and hygienic conditions. And the pattern of HAV infection differs over time and geography. Recently, a shift in prevalence has been observed in cases from chilhood to adulthood. We studied the HAV antibody prevalence in the general population in Busan. Methods : From October 2004 to March 2005, total 472 subjects were tested for HAV antibodies. All samples were collected from patients in Maryknol Hospital. Results : The overall seropositive rate was 22.8% (108/472). The seropositive rates were 1.7% in subjects aged 2-5 years, 1.7% in 6-10 years, 0% in 11-20 years, 40.5% in 21-30 years, 82.1% in 31-40 years, 94.7% in 41-50 years, and 100% in subjects aged over 50 years. There was no significant gap between gender groups. Conclusion : As the socioeconomic conditions in Korea have improved, the HAV seropositive rate in school-aged children has dramatically decreased in the last 20 years. But, the seropositive rate of HAV didn't differ according to gender. The seropositive rate of HAV in the pediatric group was very low, which suggests the increasing possibility of clinical HAV infection in adults in the near future. Therefore, we should actively prevent the spread of hepatits A virus. In order to do that, we need to reorganize our lifestyle and personel hygiene and carry out active and passive immunization to high risk groups.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2016

A effect of extraction methods, including stirrer extraction method (SE), ultrasonification extraction method (USE), reflux extraction method (RE), autoclave extraction (AE) and low temperature high pressure extraction (LE) method on the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of Oenothera biennis was investigated. The extraction yield (46.33%), total polyphenol (463.05 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (71.71 mg RHE/g) content of Oenothera biennis extract obtained by RE were higher than those from other extraction methods. The antimicrobial activity of Oenothera biennis extract was only observed against Bacillus cereus among other tested organisms (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium). Oenothera biennis obtained by RE showed the best DPPH radical scavenging ability (74.40%), ABTS radical scavenging ability (65.29%), reducing power (1.370 ($OD_{700}$)) and ferrous ion chelating ability (90.14%) compared with other tested extraction methods tested. The RE method was the most efficient method for extracting crude antioxidant and antimicrobial substances from Oenothera biennis. These results suggested that Oenothera biennis obtained by RE could be used as a bioactive and functional material in the food industry.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.173-218
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• 2018

This study focuses on the healthcare sector in Vietnam which is promoting universal health insurance for the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the reform process of the health care system and the law on health insurance through the historical and cultural contexts and its implications from the perspective of development. Based on the three dimensions of UHC - extension of protection for population, provision of various medical services, and financial protection, the current status of the Vietnam healthcare sector is summarized respectively as follows. First, according to the revised Health Insurance law which came into effect in 2015, the mandatory health insurance premiums are calculated based on household units. Second, there is a medical network that can provide preventive and healthcare services centered on primary health care facilities, for example commune health stations (trạm y $t{\hat{e}}$ $X{\tilde{a}}$). Third, out-of-pocket expenditure is still a large proportion although public spending has increased and private spending has decreased since the enforcement of the health insurance law and various schemes. Vietnam is currently striving towards a universal health care system. The development of institutions and systems should be designed in a way that is appropriate for the members of the society rather than efficiency. This article findings shed light on the role of social values, family culture, and informal institutions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2000

Amalgam, though a widely used dental material, does not bond to the tooth substrate Therefore, retentive preparation of the cavity is necessary. Such amalgam restorations, until corrosion products form and plug the margin, will show significant marginal leakage. Unless this is prevented early on, saliva and bacteria may enter the cavity causing postoperative hypersensitivity, dissolution and collapse of the restoration, discoloration of the margin and secondary caries, leading to shortened life-span of the restoration and pulpal pathosis. Recently, a method of restoration has been introduced whereby tooth material can be preserved, cavity margin can be sealed and preventive treatment of pit and fissure can be administered while retaining all the advantages of conventional amalgam restorations. Such sealed amalgams involve removing the carious lesion without extending the cavity for prevention and using pit and fissure sealants to seal cavity margins and pit and fissures to reduce microleakage. In this study, finishing of the amalgam and sealant application were performed after different intervals following of amalgam restoration to compare the microleakage of sealed and conventional amalgam restorations. Thirty bicuspids were prepared with Class V cavity preparations on the buccal and lingual surfaces. After amalgam placement, they were divided into the following groups and treated accordingly. Group 1 : Polishing after 24 hours Group 2 : Immediate sealant application without polishing Group 3 : No polishing, but sealant applied after thermocycling 500 times After treatment, the samples were thermocycled 500 times between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ with a dwell time of 30 seconds. After thermocycling, the samples were dipped into 1% methylene blue kept in a $37^{\circ}C$ incubator at 100% humidity for 24 hours. The teeth were then embedded in resin and cut bucco-lingually along the tooth axis and observed with a stereomicroscope to determine the degree of microleakage, The following results were obtained : 1. Group 2 showed the least microleakeage, while group 1 showed the greatest. 2. Group 1 showed significantly greater microleakage compared to group 2 (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between group 1 and 3(p>0.05). No significant differences in microleakage were also found between cup 2 and 3(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for improving oral health and dental hygiene through comprehensive dental hygiene care. The subjects in this study were 54 patients who had been treated for 4 weeks in clinic of the Dental Hygiene Department of G University under comprehensive dental hygiene control and care and measured their oral condition, intensity of oral malodor, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (S-OHI), and Modified Personal Hygiene Performance Index (PHP-M), and surveyed their oral health behavior and oral health consciousness. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The intensity of malodor decreased by 16.49ppb from 75.33ppb on the first visit to 50.84ppb on the last visit when the comprehensive dental hygiene care had been finished. 2. As to change in S-OHI according to gender between the first visit and the last visit for comprehensive dental hygiene care, S-OHI decreased from 2.89 on the first visit to 1.16 on the last visit, and the difference was statistically highly significant. 3. As to change in PHP-M index by tooth according to gender and age between the first visit and the last visit, PHP-M index of the first 6 teeth decreased very significantly from 0.50 on the first visit to 0.34 on the last visit. 4. As a whole, significant improvement was observed in every tooth. According to gender and age, PHP-M index for Tooth No. 26, 36 and 32 decreased significantly in men and women, and those aged under 30 and those aged 30 or over, but for Tooth No. 13 and 15 and 44 it decreased significantly only in men and those aged 30 or over, and for Tooth No. 44 only in men. As presented above, the oral health behavior and oral health consciousness of the visitors to the oral prophylaxis practice room are very important, and it is necessary to enhance their interest in and knowledge of how to improve oral health. Furthermore, comprehensive dental hygiene care required for improving the visitors' oral health.