• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 1999

The history of make-up can go back to the beginning of human being and it can’t be separated from women’s life. The change of history and women's position have given make-up different form and meanings. So make-up becomes another text which can read social·cultural specialty. This study has tried to find out make-up as women culture for women have experienced make-up in a specific situation for a long time and a suit of make-up experience from self-retrospect and made an open channel for women and this paper checked out the possibility of alternative make-up culture. This research used new audience theory of cultural studies which is used for communication study and studied active meaning-construction process and its resistance pleasure. This study saw women as independent subjects not passive victims and how make-up has been different meanings in women’s life. And what pleasure is made and how the way of resistance made constructed in the regulation of make-up.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.173-194
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• 2015

The study reports a preliminary analysis for the No-Gun Ri massacre documentation strategy based on Hackman and Wornow-Blewett's implementation model, as an appraisal and selection method for No-Gun Ri Digital Archives. It intends to review the theoretical background for this process, inlcuding a history of the No-Gun Ri massacre and the development of documentation strategy. From the theoretical analysis, this study identified the No Gun Ri documentation strategy processes in 5 categories: "cooperative collecting", "collecting in specific areas", "identifing missing areas" and "advisory group". With these 5 categories, this study discusses the application of the Hackman and Wornow-Blewett's implementation model in the No Gun Ri case and reviews the strategy's pros and cons. As a result, firstly, we classfy focusing groups into "victims and bereaved family", "government", "civil society", "the press" and "literature and art". Secondly, we also classify documentation categories into "massacre records", "investigation activity records" and "cherish memory".

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.251-276
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• 2015

The purpose of this article is to examine Israeli intelligence activity which had contributed to the building of Israel and of its national identity. In the late 19th, the Jews scattered around the world had shared the image of victims shaped in the history of the persecution. In this process, intelligence activity was a staple factor which established the state of Israel; political and religious community. Fighting against Arabs, Israel's intelligence agents had played key role in migrating Jews to Palestine and building their own state. In other words, Intelligence activity was the instrument of implementing political Zionism, Jewish nationalism. Even after independence in 1948, despite the opposition of Arab, Israeli intelligence agencies had persuaded the United States and the Soviet Union to recognize Israel as a member of the international society. Arab countries, nevertheless, had regarded Israel as 'a state to be disappeared', and its national identity was totally denied. However, Israel officially gained recognition for statehood through Arab-Israeli war and summit talks with Egypt. Israel finally restored the 'Promised Land' that is recorded in the Bible and established its identity of a winner. In conclusion, Israeli intelligence agency played a decisive role in founding the nation and even forming the consciousness of the people.

• 사회경제평론
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• no.38
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• pp.9-49
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• 2012

Our luck is brute if we cannot choose or control it and, thus, we are not responsible for it. Our luck is optional if we can choose or control it and, thus, we are responsible for it. Egalitarian justice at least demands brute luck be fully neutralized. If, however, brute luck is not fully neutralized and possibly accumulated, what will happen to the Gini coefficients as a measure of inequality due to brute luck? By simulating brute luck under various combinations of the rate of accumulation and the level of, what I call, leximin-redistribution, I obtain the Gini coefficients for the distribution of the accumulated and, then, redistributed brute luck. The level of the leximin-redistribution determines the negative or positive relation between the rate of accumulation and the Gini coefficient. The minimum leximin-redistribution level that generates the negative relation between the rate of accumulation and the Gini coefficient, depends on the characteristics of the starting-point distribution of brute luck. The sooner the leximin-redistribution is ushered in, the lower the minimum level becomes. The so-called 'Growth First Redistribution Later' policy may hurt victims of brute bad luck.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.336-342
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• 2021

Japanese imperialism initiated the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and promulgated the Total National Mobilization Act in 1938, establishing a wartime total mobilization system. In the beginning of the wartime general mobilization system, Japanese colonialism focused on women's labor force and mobilized women both domestically and abroad. Women were forcibly mobilized to the Labor Patriotism Unit and Jeongshindae(Korean Women Labor Corps). Women had to take the place of home work as well as the work of men who had already been mobilized, and at the same time faced a poor situation of being forced to mobilize for war. The mobilization of Jeongshindae took place in various forms, such as recruitment, voluntary support by government offices, propaganda through schools or groups, job fraud, coercion or threats. Jeongshindae which was a representative victim of the forced mobilization of women during the Japanese colonial period, was individually litigated and remains an unresolved problem. In order to uncover the reality of the forced mobilization of women during the wartime general mobilization system, continuous research and social education through related organizations are required.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1670-1675
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• 2020

In this study, to provide the basis for establishing effective network based countermeasures against DRDoS(Distributed Reflection Denial of Service) attacks, we propose a new 'DRDoS attack multi-level detection method' that identifies the network based characteristics of DRDoS and applies probability and statistical techniques. The proposed method removes the limit to which normal traffic can be indiscriminately blocked by unlimited competition in network bandwidth by amplification of reflectors, which is characteristic of DRDoS. This means that by comparing 'Server to Server' and 'Outbound Session Incremental' for it, accurate DRDoS identification and detection is possible and only statistical and probabilistic thresholds are applied to traffic. Thus, network-based information security systems can take advantage of this to completely eliminate DRDoS attack frames. Therefore, it is expected that this study will contribute greatly to identifying and responding to DRDoS attacks.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.42
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• pp.183-204
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• 2021

This study analyzed the placement and interactivity of the immersive performance . In the sense of place, it was analyzed that first, walked and followed the living spaces and streets of the victims of the Sewol ferry, and second, through this, the participants induce a transfer experience to become the main character of the performance. In terms of interactivity, participants were able to carry out various forms of participation, and as a result, they analyzed that they had relieved debt consciousness or exerted healing effects. In addition, it was confirmed that they pursued solidarity and sympathy by focusing more on the city 'Ansan' rather than the story of the Sewol ferry. Through these results, it can be seen that has many social functions, a variety of art forms, and is differentiated from other immersive performances. So, it is necessary to consider the continuous holding.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.25-53
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• 2017

The ultimate goal of this research is to examine the geographical characteristics of therapeutic spaces where have been appeared in Wa-dong and Gojan-dong, Ansan-si after the disaster of the MV Sewol. As looking into the inside, the aim of the therapeutic spaces, which cover each target group (victims) individually, is various and different because the disaster of the MV Sewol generated various direct and indirect victims requiring healing. The therapeutic spaces are estimated at about 10 organizations and are leaded by private agents predominantly. Furthermore, the therapeutic spaces are located near, but are aside from Danwon high school where many students are reported killed and injured in the incident. And the therapeutic spaces provide simple and repetitive diversions, for example, having a meal, knitting and studying, rather than special programs to restore a broken daily life to the original state. On the basis of such a background, the geographical characteristics of the therapeutic spaces related to the disaster of the MV Sewol can be summarized as follows; first, it seems that target groups accept the therapeutic spaces as the concept of place gradually. Even though most of the therapeutic spaces were suggested by third parties at first, target groups are involved in the management and recollection of their own therapeutic spaces as well as the plan for a future direction now; and consider the therapeutic spaces as exclusive properties. Second, the disaster of the MV Sewol have embedded collective trauma to not only direct victims, but extensive groups such as parents, brothers and sisters, relatives, friends and neighbors as noted earlier. Therefore, the therapeutic spaces support comprehensive target groups; but each therapeutic space is not overlapped each other. However, to solve collective trauma in a local community effectively, the therapeutic spaces are networked closely and build a regular cooperative system. Third, a continuous memory is mentioned as an important point to overcome collective trauma, but some phenomena such as fatigue and conflict with neighbors, out-migrants and a faded atmosphere as time passes act as risk factors in Ansan-si. To keep a continuous memory, the therapeutic spaces attempt the recovery of local communities and devise various events, for example, cultural performances; furthermore, are closely connected with external organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.37-53
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the commemoration characteristics of the national war memorials made by the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(the Soviet Union), and Germany that participated in World War II(WW II). The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the creation of the WW II memorials of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Germany aimed to commemorate the dead and victims. By country, the United States promoted unity and victory with representing the just and great cause for freedom, and the communist Soviet Union emphasized the Great Patriotic War that defeated fascist Nazi Germany. On the other hand, Germany, which had difficulty in national commemoration, cherish the victims of the war and aimed for peace. Second, WW II memorials were located in places of national significance such as national representative places and battlefields, and in Germany they were built in church cemeteries and public cemeteries. In addition, it showed concise and moderate aesthetic characteristics with a symmetrical and formal form centered on the axis of space in memorials. Third, the United States and the Soviet Union commonly visualized the appearance of war on the memorial wall. By country, the United States engraved sacrifice and dedication for freedom, and differently the Soviet Union and East Germany engraved messages promoting communist ideology as memorial texts. As for landscape details and sculpture, the United States emphasized national unity through eagles symbolizing the country and a colonnade representing each state and territory, and the Soviet Union set up a communist-style soldier sculpture. The United States and the Soviet Union, both countries used sculptures and laurels that symbolize victory, but in Germany, the statues of a fallen soldiers were installed in the memorial. Politically, the United States commemorated the victory of the war and also promoted unity, and the Soviet Union emphasized the Great Patriotic War and promoted communism. As the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Germans believed in Christianity universally, Christian symbols such as the crucifixion, the church, and the statue of Evita were often used. Further study will be required to establish national identity at memorials and advanced commemorative culture in Korea.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.469-502
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• 2013

Webtoons are popularly consumed in Korea. Especially the 'Dailytoons', which are composed of short episodes, are the most popular form of webtoons. This study focuses on the specific narrative structure of the dailytoons, and also tries to figure out what makes webtoons so popular. This study tried to analyze the special features of figures, events, and backgrounds of webtoons. Particularly in webtoons, Korean metropolitan is employed as a background and the daily life of the lower middle class in this big city is importantly used in the story. Each cut of a webtoon consists of simple words and images, and it shows the life of modern people and the way they recognize the reality. The important thing is that the image and the narrative of one cut often appears contradictively. 'Irony' occurs in the process of combination of the words and images. And the life of the lower middle class is depicted 'fun-and-sadly' through irony. For example, the main characters of webtoons are portrayed as persecuted victims because of their lack of information or ignorance. At this point, they are described ridiculously by a play on words. In addition, webtoons often presents twist plots using the scroll bars and margins of 'web' interface. Also it uses parody to show reality in satire. With irony, webtoons represent the daily life of the public, which is cynical as well as humorous. This study tried to suggest that webtoons should attribute its success to 'irony' in its narrative.