• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.48
• /
• pp.111-128
• /
• 1995

This study was investigated to assess the difference of facial height and occlusal plane inclination between pre- and post-treatment in Class I malocclusion group The subjects consisted of 35 extraction patients and 30 nonextraction patient,;, and was subdivided into Group I(overbite<0mm), Group II(04mm) in reference to overbite, and adolescent group and adult group in reference to age. Lateral cephalogram was taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subject. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out with SAS program The results wolf as follows. 1. In both groups of extraction and nonextraction group the anterior facial height increased after orthodontic treatment but there was no significant difference(p>0.05) between each goup. 2. There was no statstical significance in change of occlusal plane inclination in adolescent group, but significant difference(p<0.05) among three subgroup in adult group. 3. In adolescent-extraction and adolescent-nonextraction group there was significant increase of anterior facial height and posterior facial height, and was superior to adult groups in posterior facial height increment. 4 In all groups upper and lower molars were uprighted to occlusal plane. This had statistically significant effect.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.3 s.62
• /
• pp.431-444
• /
• 1997

This research was carried out to compares the treatment effects of Horizontal and Vertical type activators in Angle's Class II div. 1 maloccusion patients with mandibular retrusion dand to find out whether different treatment effects or growth pattern were observed between sexes in each study groups. The results were as follows: 1. In Horizontal activator group, forward positioning of mandible and vertical increase in anteror face as examplified by increase of LAFH and AEM were observed when pre and post-treatment datas were evaluated. 2. Males samples in Horizontal activator group showed increase in mandiular length accmpanied by posterior positioning of maxilla, wheras female samples in Horizontal activator group showed increase in mandibular body length, labial inclination of mandibular incisors and increase in lower anterior facial height .3. In vertical activator group, increase in AFH, LAFH, PFH and LPFH were observed when pre and post treatment datas were evaluated. 4. Male samples in Vertical activator group showed increase in mandibular body length and anterior and posterior facial heights, whereas females samples of Vertical activator group showed mainly increase in anterior facial height. 5. When pre and post treatment datas of Horizontal and Vertical activator groups were compared, skeletal difference were mainly observed in pretreatment datas but dental difference were observed in post treatment datas ,indicating that two actiators differ only in their effects to dental variables. 6. Difference between sexes were noted after treatment although no difference were observed between sexs in each groups before treatmentt. This indicates that inherent growth effects in each sex exerts more influence 1km appliances used for treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.421-433
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in adult with crowded dentition. The craniofacial morphology associated with normal and crowded of mandibular dentition was studied in lateral cephalometric radiograph obtained from 145 subjects grouped 44 males and 40 females in normal group, 33 males and 28 females in crowded group. The conclusions were as follows: Means, standard deviations and facial polygons from measurements were obtained from normal and crowded groups. Palatal plane to SN, occlusal plans to SN, mandibular plane to SN, mandibular plane to palatal plane and gonial angle measurements of crowded group were significantly different from normal group and were larger than normal group. SNA, SNB measurements of crowded group were significantly different from normal group and were smaller than normal group. Significant differences were observed between normal group and crowded groups on the basis of $SN/{\underline{1}}$, PP/1, $MP/{\bar{1}}$, and compared with normal group, upper incisors of crowded group were inclined more labially, whereas lower incisors of crowded group were inclined more lingually. Posterior facial height and ramal height were shorter in males of crowded group than those of normal group. Posterior facial height, mandibular length and posterior cranial base length were shorter in females of crowded group than those of normal group. Anterior facial height was longer in females of crowded group than those of normal group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.4 s.75
• /
• pp.503-510
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the negative effects of cervical pull headgear and to compare the differences between the two groups of growers-vertical grower and horizontal grower group-which are classified by the posterior-anterior facial height ratio. Initial and final lateral cephalograms were taken for 26 patients including 15 vertical growers and 11 horizontal growers ; also, 3 angular measurements and 4 linear measurements were evaluated. The following results were found. 1. The palatal plane was tipped anteroinferiorly in the vertical grower group. 2. The posterior facial height/anterior facial height ratio was increased in the horizontal grower group. 3. The Mandibular plane angle remained stable on both groups. 4. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of maxillary molar extrusion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.1 s.72
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of counterclockwise rotation of mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct the skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite. Twenty five skeletal Class III open bite patients(mean age 20.6 years) who were treated by the sagittal split ramus osteotonues with rigid fixation were examined in this study. Cephalometric radiographs were taken for each Patients Preoperative(T1), ewly Postoperative(T2), and late postoperative Period(T3). Mean postoperative period was 8.0 months. Cephalometric analysis was done and data from T1, T2, and T3 were analyzed statistically by Paired t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Mandibular plane angle decreased $2.9^{\circ}$ and mandibular occlusal plane angle related to SN Plane decreased $2.7^{\circ}$ after orthognathic surgery(T2). At 6 months after orthognathic surgery(T3), mandibular plane angle increased $1.0^{\circ}$, but mandibular occlusal plane angle did not changed. 2. The amount of horizontal relapse long time after orthognathic surgery(T3) was 1.6 mm at B point and it was $22\%$ of the total posterior movements. There was no vertical relapse in the anterior facial height. 3. The related factor with horizontal relapse at late postoperative period was mandibular plane angle(p<0.01). The related factors with decreasing posterior facial height were amount of mandibular setback(p<0.01), increasing of mandibular ramus height(p<0.01), and decrease of the mandibular plane angle during operation(p<0.01). 4. There was no relationship between the amount of changes in mandibular occlusal plan angle during operation and the amount of relapse after surgery.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.197-208
• /
• 1997

Class III malocclusion patients can be approached with many different types of treatment methods, and thus, each patient's problems must be accurately evaluated to allow selection of the best possible treatment method. Cephalometric analysis is an essential part of diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients, and it would certainly be helpful if reliable cephalometric guidelines could be set. The author divided 482 Class III malocclusion patients(253 males and 229 females) into fourgroups according to different types of treatment methods they have received to correct imbalance between upper and lower jaws: 1) orthopedic appliance (face mask & RPE), 2) camouflage treatment with fixed appliance, 3) surgical-orthodontic treatment, 4) cross-bite correction with removable plates/ functional appliance. Cephalometric values at the time of first clinical examination were compare among the four groups. Cephalometric analysis indicates the following results: 1)the amounts of antero-posterior and vertical skeletal discrepancies and dental compensation were greatest in surgery group 2) SNB, Wits, distance from Nasion Perpendicular Plane to point a facial angle, facial convexity, and APDI were greater in orthopedic appliance group than fixed appliance(camouflage) group, but there was no statistical difference 3) removable plates/ functional appliance group showed least amounts of skeletal discrepancies and dental compensation with statistical significance.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.48
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to compare the size of soft palate, tongue and airway according to the types of the malocclusion and evaluate the correlation between the size of soft palate, tongue, airway and dentofacial skeleton respectively. The sample of this study was 98 malocclusion female patients between the ages 12 and 17 years. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken and the distance, angle, ratio and area of the dentofacial skeleton, soft palate, tongue and airway were measured and evaluated statistically. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in SNB, ANB, facial angle, facial convexity, A-B plane angel, Y axis to FH, SN-MP, Wits appraisal, ODI and APDI according to the types of malocclusion. 2. The hyoid bone was more posteriorly positioned in Class II malocclusion group than other two groups and superio-inferior position of the hyoid bone was not different according to the malocclusion types. 3. The nasopharyngeal area of Class II and Class III malocclusion group was smaller than that of Class I malocclusion group, and the pharyngeal area of Class II malocclusion group was smaller than that of Class I and Class III maocclusion group. There was no difference of the area of the soft palate, tongue, oropharynx and hypopharynx according to malocclusion types. 4. The ramal height and mandibular body length(Go-Me) showed positive correlation with the area of tongue, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and pharynx. SNA did not correlated with the area of tongue and airway but SNB showed positive correlation with the area of hypopharynx and pharynx. The anterior, posterior facial height, upper and lower central incisor position to facial plane showed positive correlation with tongue area.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.30 no.4 s.81
• /
• pp.387-398
• /
• 2000

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Anterior J hook headgear on the craniofacial structures in mixed dentition with Class II malocclusion. The laterial cephalograms of 20 children treated by Anterior J hook headgear were traced, digitized and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited. 2. Rotational effect of maxilla was not observed. 3. There was distal movement of maxillary dentition. 4. Maxillarly_dentoalveolar growth changes were more effective in anterior portion than posterior portion. 5. Mandible maintained a normal growth and mandibular plane angle was maintained during treatment period. 6. The ratio of anterior facial height to posterior facial height was almostly not changed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.248-261
• /
• 1999

In order to define a current set of Korean children norm with mixed dentition, following study was done. The subjects were 102 healthy dentition contestants(48boys, 54girls). Standardized lateral head roentgenograms were taken, and Ricketts analysis was done. Results were as follows: 1. Length of anterior cranial base, posterior facial height, corpus length were longer in male than in female(p<0.05), and Porion was located posteriorly in male than in female(p<0.01). 2. Through facial depth, Pogonion of male was more forwardly positioned(p<0.05), mandible was significantly steeper in female, and maxillary anterior teeth were significantly tipped forward in male(p<0.05). 3. Variables such as length of anterior cranial base, upper molar position(p<0.01) and corpus length(p<0.05) were significantly changed by age. 4. Maxillary height, facial depth, mandibular plane angle, convexity were changed by age, but not significantly(p>0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.5 s.58
• /
• pp.601-611
• /
• 1996

Craniofacial growth pattern is an important diagnostic data in the course of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning ; it also has great influence in the establishment of occlusion as well as shaping and development of face. There have been many studies to classify different craniofacial growth patterns and attempts to predict growth patterns. This study aimed to correlate craniofacial growth pattern and symphysis morphology. 120 adult patients with age from 19 to 39 (mean age : 23.1) were chosen as subjects , using lateral cephalometric films. their anterior to posterior facial height ratios were calculated. They were divided into 3 groups - clockwise growth pattern with $56\%-62\%$(36subjects), counter-clockwise growth pattern group with $65\%$-80\%$(43subjects) and normal growth pattern group with $62\%-65\%$(41subjects). Symphysis morphology and Prominence evaluation in each subject were studied and the following conclusions were drawn : 1. In comparison of symphysis morphology between the sex groups, men showed large symphysis height and prominence. 2. Concerning the symphysis morphology, the clockwise growth pattern group showed larger height, H/D ratio and actual length but smaller depth, angle, effective length and E/A ratio compared to the counter -clockwise growth pattern group. 3. Those with smaller prominance of symphysis showed clockwise growth tendency and those with larger prominance showed counter-clockwise growth tendency.