• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.44-59
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• 1994

Medical consumers(patients) want evening-clinic because of busy work. For patient's convenience and improving service, hospital should accept it. Considering payment system and patient's demand, personnel expenses, hospital can not accept. The practice of shift system to accept patient's demand and hospital's economic aspect was made. To analysis the effect of the system and probability to alternative to evening clinic this study was done. This study was composed of basal study, intervention, evaluation of effect. The basal study were composed of studying demand on evening clinic, the number of beds, doctors employee, the time table of practice and work, and the number of patients at arrival time. The intervention composed of changing of practice time, changing of working time by the number of patients at arrival time, increasing of employee. The evaluation of effect were composed of evaluating the number of patient at time, the effect of shift system, the comparison of the number of in and out patients and questionnairing the practice of shift system. In the practice time at 2 shift system First team works 7-15 hours and Second team 12-20 hours. there are no lunch and supper time. At 18-20 hours the number of patients were 25-30. The number of patient a depart were 6-7. The number of out-patient increase in 13% and inpatient increase in 10% before the system. Doctors(100%), employee(94.6%), and patients(86.4%) approved this system. The advantage of this system were utilization of surplus time, lengthen the practice time, even distribution of patients and shortening of waiting time, rapid treatment of emergent patients. The disadvantage of this system were shortage of manpower, not all depart practice, continuity of practice, no lunch and supper time, irregular rounding. At present because of small Demanding on evening clinic, this shift system was economical. To succeed this study more effectively all depart in hospital participate. But because of economical reason it is impossible for hospital to do it. If the government assist the economic loss that all depart participate in this system it is very helpful for hospital to succeed in implementing this system more early.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2003

Purpose: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is part of the mitogen-activated protin kinase cascade, opposes initiation of the apoptotic cell death which is programmed by diverse cytotoxic stimuli. In this regard, the inhibition of ERK may be useful in improving the therapeutic efficacy of established anticancer agents. Materials and Methods: Murine hepatocarcinoma, HCa-I is known to be highly radioresistant with a TCD50 (radiation dose yield in $50\%$ cure) of more than 80 Gy. Various anticancer drugs have been found to enhance the radioresponse of this particular tumor but none were successful. The objective of this study was to explore whether the selective inhibition of MEK could potentiate the antitumor efficacy of radiation in vivo, particularly in the case on radioresistant tumor. C3H/HeJ mice hearing $7.5\~8\;mm$ HCa-I, were treated with PD98059(intratumoral injection of $0.16\;\mug/50\;\mul$). Results: Downregulation on ERK by PD98059 was most prominent 1h after the treatment. In the tumor growth delay assay, the drug was found to Increase the effect of the tumor radioresponse with an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.6 and 1.87. Combined treatment of 25 Gy radiation with PD98059 significantly increased radiation induced apoptosis. The peak apoptotic index (number on apoptotic nuclei in 1000 nuclei X100) was $1.2\%$ in the case of radiation treatment alone, $0.9\%$ in the case of drug treatment alone and $4.9\%,\;5.3\%$ in the combination treatment group. An analysis of apoptosis regulating molecules with Western blotting showed upregulation of p53, p$p21^{WAF1/CIP1}\;and\;Bcl-X_s$ in the combination treatment group as compared to their levels in either the radiation alone or drug alone treatment groups. The level of other molecules such as $Bcl-X_L4, Bax and Bcl-2 were changed to a lesser extent. Conclusion: The selective inhibition of MEK in combination with radiation therapy may have potential benefit in cancer treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

This study was to assess the effect of sowing mixed legume forage and applying cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole-crop barley (WCB) as a representative of winter crops and to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application level of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCB compared to WCB alone sowing, but there was no difference between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) highest in 100~150 kg N/hg. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCB alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicate that mixed-sowing of WCB and legume forage not only cut nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.53-66
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze kinematic variables regarding lateral break-fall quantitatively that can protect the body, prevent the injury and minimize the impact. To this end, three Hapkido, judo athletes of H University with experience of over 5 years were selected. Test was conducted through three dimensional image analysis by checking the time and order the subjects reach a mat. In this study, lateral break-fall was repeated five times and among them, the best movement was selected. The picture shot with high-speed camera was analyzed by using KWON3D ver. 3.1 program through three dimensional coordinate calculation based on DLT method and smoothing process of data. Study results were as follows. 1. With respect to time variables shown in lateral break-fall of A, B, C athletes, there is small difference in temporal variables and in the order the body reaches a mat. With respect to average value, hand is ($0.94{\pm}0.20$), elbow ($0.97{\pm}0.17$), hip ($0.97{\pm}0.18$), back ($0.98{\pm}0.18$), and shoulder ($1.04{\pm}0.16$). Time variable the body reaches a mat in lateral break-fall is in hand, elbow, hip, back and shoulder. 2. With respect to moving distance variables shown in lateral break-fall of A, B, C athletes, hand is ($34.33{\pm}34.59$), elbow ($52.00{\pm}26.06$), hip ($70.00{\pm}15.72$), back ($153.67{\pm}17.93$), and should ($130.67{\pm}29.02$). The fact that this study contributed to improving security martial arts technique and protecting the body by understanding the principle of lateral break-fall movement is of significance. In addition, the fact that this study provided systematic basic data for improving security martial arts technique is significant.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2011

태양열 발전 플랜트에 사용되는 중고온 범위의 축열조에 고체-액체간 상변화를 수행하는 용융염을 축열물질로 사용하면 액체상 또는 고체상만으로 된 열저장 매체에 비해 축열조의 규모를 축소함과 동시에 축열온도의 균일성 향상에 기여할 수 있다. 중온인 $250{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 이용 가능한 용융염으로는 질산칼륨($KNO_3$), 질산리튬($LiNO_3$)등이 있다. 그러나 이러한 용융염의 가장 큰 단점은 열전도율이 매우 낮다는 것이며, 이로 인해 요구되는 열전달률을 성취하기 위해서는 많은 열접촉면적이 필요하다는 것이다. 이러한 단점을 극복하는 방법을 도입하지 않고서는 축열시스템의 소규화를 성취하는데 큰 효과를 가져올 수 없다. 한편 열수송 성능이 탁월한 히트파이프를 사용하면 열원 및 열침과 축열물질 사이의 열전달 효율을 증가시켜 시스템의 성능 향상과 동시에 소규모화에 기여할 수 있다. 중온 범위 히트파이프의 작동유체로서 다우섬-A(Dowtherm-A)는 $150^{\circ}C$이상 $400^{\circ}C$까지의 범위에서 소수에 불과한 선택적 대안 중 하나이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 용융염을 사용하는 중온 태양열축열조에 적용 가능한 다우섬-A 히트파이프의 성능을 파악하여 기술적 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 열원으로는 고온 고압의 과열증기, 그리고 열침으로는 중온의 포화증기를 고려하였다. 용융염 축열조를 수직으로 관통하는 히트파이프는 하단부에서 열원 증기와 열교환 가능하며, 중앙부에서 축열물질과 열교환하고, 상단부에서는 중온 증기와 접촉할 수 있도록 배치하였다. 축열모드에서는 히트파이프의 하단부가 증발부로 작동하고, 중앙부가 응축부로 작동하여 용융염으로 열을 방출하면 용융염의 온도가 상승하고 용융점에 도달하면 액상으로의 상변화가 진행되면서 축열이 활성화된다. 축열모드에서 히트파이프의 상단부는 단열부로 작동한다. 방열과정에서는 히트파이프의 하단부가 단열된 상태이고, 중앙부는 용융염으로부터 열을 받아 증발부로 작동하며, 상단부는 중온 증기로 열을 방출하므로 응축부로 작동한다. 즉, 축열시스템의 작동모드에 따라 하나의 히트파이프에서 증발부, 응축부, 단열부의 위치가 변하게 된다. 특히, 히트파이프의 중앙 부분이 응축부에서 증발부로 전환될 때에도 작동이 보장되려면 내부 작동유체의 연속적인 재순환이 가능해야 하므로, 일반 히트파이프에서와는 달리 초기 작동액체의 충전량을 증발부 전체의 체적보다 더 많이 과충전해야 한다. 이러한 히트파이프의 성능 파악을 위한 실험에서 고려한 변수들은 열부하, 작동액체의 충전률, 작동온도 등이며, 열수송 성능의 지표로서는 유효열전도율과 열저항을 이용하였다. 중온범위에서 적정한 작동온도를 성취하기 위해 실험에서는 전압 조절기로 열부하를 조절하는 동시에 항온조로 응축부의 냉각수 입구 온도를 제어하였다. 하나의 히트파이프에 대해서 최대 1 kW까지의 열부하에서 냉각수 입구 온도를 $40^{\circ}C$에서 $80^{\circ}C$ 범위로 변화시키면 히트파이프 작동온도를 약 $250^{\circ}C$ 내외로 조절 가능하였다. 히트파이프 작동액체 충전률은 윅구조물의 공극 체적을 기준으로 372%에서 420%까지 변화 시켰다. 실험 결과를 토대로 열저항과 유효 열전도율을 각각 입력 열유속, 작동온도, 작동액체 충전률 등의 함수로 제시했다. 동일한 냉각수 온도에서는 충전률이 높을수록 히트파이프의 작동온도가 감소하였다. 열저항 값의 범위는 최소 $0.12^{\circ}C/W$에서 최대 $0.15^{\circ}C/W$까지로 나타났으며 유효 열전도율의 값은 최소 $7,703W/m{\cdot}K$에서 최대 $8,890W/m{\cdot}K$까지 변화했다. 최소 열저항은 충전률 420%인 경우에 나타났는데 이때의 작동온도는 약 $262^{\circ}C$이었다. 히트파이프의 작동한계로서 드라이아웃(dry-out)은 충전률 372%의 경우에 열부하 950 W에서 발생하였으나, 그 이상의 충전률에서는 열부하 1060 W까지 작동한계 발생이 관찰되지 않았다. 실험 결과 본 연구에서의 히트파이프는 중온 태양열 축열조에 적용되어 개당 약 1 kW의 열부하를 이송하면서 축열물질 및 축방열 대상 유동매체와 열교환을 하는데 사용하는데 충분할 것이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the fermentation broth of fruits and vegetables and various kinds of lactobacillus containing in the broth on anti-microbial activity, anti-acidity, its organic acid concentrations and deorderization. In addition, the quality of eggs laid from the hens supplemented with the fermentation broth was determined. The fermentation broth contained over 8 kinds of lactobacillus and other microbes. Lactobacillus (L.) hilgardii, L. reuteri, L. nagelii, L. plantarum, and Zygosaccharomyces bisporus were survived especially in pH 2.0 among them. The concentrations of acetic acid and lactic acid in the broth were higher than minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) to Escherichia (E.) coli and Salmonella sp. Overall the broth contained sufficient organic acid to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella sp. In addition, L. nagelii and L. plantarum had the greatest anti-microbial activity against E. coli, Salmonella (S.) typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and S. gallinarium among lactobacillus in the broth. The broth had greater anti-microbial activity than individual lactobacillus. The fermentation broth had deodorization capacity of ammonia and hydrogen sulfate and the 50% of their concentrations were removed after 30 min treatment. Egg production rates, egg weight, and feed efficiency were increased in eggs laid from hens that supplemented with 0.1 % fermented broth compared to the control. The supplementation also increased the thickness and strength of egg shell to reduce broken eggs and decreased cholesterol levels in egg yolk. In conclusion, the fermentation broth of fruits and vegetables can be a natural alternative supplementation of feed in laying hens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.366-370
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• 2007

Wild grapes contain various organic acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts compared to other various fruits. Their anthocyanin compounds are also known to have excellent effects in preventing cancers and heart diseases. Wild grapes are supposed to be a superior material for wine fermentation. This study was performed for searching optimum conditions for producing wild grape wines to improve their quality and taste. Four wild strains were isolated from Muscat Bailey A, ‘Kyoho’ grapevine, and wild grapes. For wild grape wine production, an optimum initial sugar concentration was $24^{\circ}Brix$ and an optimum temperature was $24^{\circ}C$. Sensory characteristics of the wild grape wine were evaluated for incense, sour taste, astringency, and sweet taste. Quality properties of the wild grape wine produced under the optimized fermentation conditions were analyzed. Total sugar, polyphenol contents, and acidity of the wild grape wine were 50.00 mg/mL, 25.30 mg/mL, and 0.95%, showing higher value than those of commercial grape wines. Amino acids, tannins, alcohol contents, and pH were 1.80 mg/mL, 1.88 mg/mL, 12%, and 3.59, respectively. The optimum fermentation conditions can be used to improve quality of the wild grape wine.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

Eighty dairy farms (38 farms responded) in Palmerston North area of New Zealand were questioned by mail questionnaire on: 1) general characteristics, 2) milk yield and feed supplementary, 3) reproductive efficiencies (12 questions) and 4) reproductive disorders (12 questions) from February to July, 1998. Among those 4 items, the reproductive efficiencies (3) and disorders (4), various diseases and culling rates were surveyed and analyzed for Korean dairy farmers (especially in Cheju island) and compared with New Zealand. The results are as follows: 1. Fifteen farms in 38 dairy farms relied entirely on artificial insemination, the rest of 23 dairy farms (60.5%) raised 5∼6 bulls to increase conception rate. The dairy farmers in Palmerston North used artificial insemination from Oct 4th to Dec 10th for 42.8 days, and then used bulls from that point to coming Jan 10th for 41.4 days. The submission rate within 3, 6 and 10 weeks following the initiation of AI season was 84.7, 93.9 and 97.9% respectively. 2. The average age of heifers at the first estrus, pregnancy and calving was 11.0, 18.0 and 24.7 months respectively, and an average 1.4 estrus cycles were required for conception. The intervals of estrus recurrence and the following conception after calving were 38 and 68 days respectively. 3. Among inseminated cows, calving, abortion and empty cow was 90.9, 1.6 and 7.4% respectively. Calving rate decreased according to increasing farm size, while the number of empty cows decreased. 4. Stillbirth, retained placenta and delivery abnormalities were 5.3, 3.7 and 5.5% respectively, not different depend on herd size. 5. The incidence of milk fever, grass tetany, and ketosis was 3.6, 3.0 and 1.0%, respectively. The delivery abnormality and mastitis treated with medicine were 3.1 and 6.7%, but decreased according to farm size. Lameness was 8.6% on average, but over 10% in farms which has more than 400 milking cows. 6. Among the culled cows (15.5% of the total), those culled due to an old age, lameness and other diseases were 2.9, 1.8 and 4.3% respectively and those culled due to low milk production, reproductive abnormality reduced with farm size. 7. Compared with the data collected in Korea, the reproductive efficiency was better, and lameness, metabolic problem and culling rate were higher in New Zealand

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

During the past decade, many changes and attempts have been tried and are continued developing new technologies in the computing area. The brick wall in computing area, especially power wall, changes computing paradigm from computing hardwares including processor and system architecture to programming environment and application usage. The high performance computing (HPC) area, especially, has been experienced catastrophic changes, and it is now considered as a key to the national competitiveness. In the late 2000's, many leading countries rushed to develop Exascale supercomputing systems, and as a results tens of PetaFLOPS system are prevalent now. In Korea, ICT is well developed and Korea is considered as a one of leading countries in the world, but not for supercomputing area. In this paper, we describe architecture design of MAHA supercomputing system which is aimed to develop 300 TeraFLOPS system for bio-informatics applications like human genome analysis and protein-protein docking. MAHA supercomputing system is consists of four major parts - computing hardware, file system, system software and bio-applications. MAHA supercomputing system is designed to utilize heterogeneous computing accelerators (co-processors like GPGPUs and MICs) to get more performance/$, performance/area, and performance/power. To provide high speed data movement and large capacity, MAHA file system is designed to have asymmetric cluster architecture, and consists of metadata server, data server, and client file system on top of SSD and MAID storage servers. MAHA system softwares are designed to provide user-friendliness and easy-to-use based on integrated system management component - like Bio Workflow management, Integrated Cluster management and Heterogeneous Resource management. MAHA supercomputing system was first installed in Dec., 2011. The theoretical performance of MAHA system was 50 TeraFLOPS and measured performance of 30.3 TeraFLOPS with 32 computing nodes. MAHA system will be upgraded to have 100 TeraFLOPS performance at Jan., 2013.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.583-593
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed-sowing of legume forage and applying of cattle manure on the productivity of organic rye to provide dairy farmers with safe organic feeds. Also the present study aimed to evaluate optimal applying level of cattle manure and carrying capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area. The amount of crude protein was significantly higher in the mixed-sowing of legume forage (average 760~786 kg/ha) than in the single-sowing of rye (average 353 kg/ha) (p<0.05). The mixed-sowing of forage peas and the single-sowing of rye tended to improve by increasing the level of nitrous fertilization rather than the fertilization treatment. The amount of crude protein on the rye according to the mixed-sowing of legume was significantly higher in the mixture (average 8.29~9.90%) than in the single (average 4.93%) (p<0.05). The comparison by the level of nitrogen fertilization indicated significantly high for the rye in 50 kg N/ha than in fertilization treatments (p<0.05). Total digestible nutrients (TDN) amount in the single-sowing of rye was average 46.86% and has lower than average 49.96~50.12% of the mixed-sowing of legume, and especially the mixed-sowing of forage pea was the highest with 54.55% in 150 kg N/ha for the level of nitrogen fertilization (p<0.05). The breeding ability of annual organic livestocks per unit area according to the feed value of rye presented significantly higher ability in the mixed-sowing of legume (3.72~4.12 heads) than the single-sowing of rye (average 2.26 heads) (p<0.05). By summarizing above results, the mixed-sowing of legume is required to improve the productivity and the feed value of rye for increasing organic livestock breeding ability in southern area of Gyeongbuk regions, and the study for identifying the appropriate fertilization level using livestock excretions is further necessary.