• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.755-775
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• 2022

This study empirically analyzes that the asymmetry of domestic gasoline price adjustment to the crude oil price changes can vary depending on the level of gasoline price using quantile autoregressive distributed lag model. The data used are the weekly average Dubai price, domestic gasoline price at refiners and gas stations from the first week of May 2008 to the second week of October 2022. The study estimates three price transmission channels: changes in gas station gasoline prices in response to changes in Dubai oil prices, changes in refiners gasoline prices in response to changes in Dubai oil prices, and changes in gas station prices relative to refiners gasoline prices. As a result, the price adjustment of refiner's gasoline price with respect to Dubai oil price appears asymmetrically across all quantiles of gasoline price, whereas the adjustment of gas station prices for Dubai oil price and refiner's gasoline price tend to be more asymmetric as the quantile of gasoline price increases. Such a result is presumed to be due to changes in the inventory cost of gas stations. When the burden of inventory cost is high, gas stations have an incentive to more actively pass the increased buying price on their selling price.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2023

The style of leadership and leader's competence are expected to be an important role in the rapidly changing and uncertain circumstances of the business environment. In particular, rapid change of business environment requires organizations to innovate, and appropriate innovation can have a direct impact on an organization's competitive advantage and sustainability. In this regard, this study focused on transformational leadership as a factor that improves innovative behavior. In addition, the mediating effect of self-efficacy was verified in the process of transformational leadership leading to innovative behavior. Furthermore, the moderated mediating effect of psychological safety was also verified. To verify hypotheses, this study conducted a survey on 307 public officials who work in Chinese public institutions. The result was found that transformational leadership had a positive effect on innovative behavior by mediating effect of self-efficacy. However, contrary to the expectations of this study, the moderated mediation effect of psychological safety was found to be insignificant. The moderating effect of psychological safety showed an insignificant effect. It showed showed the different results from previous studies. In relation to these results, theoretical and practical implications were presented in this study. Overall, this study presented a plan to increase innovative behavior and verified the research model. In addition, the directions of future research for innovative behavior were presented.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of mental simulation practice training using standardized patients for nursing students. This study is a single-group pre- and post-design study, and for data collection, a structured questionnaire was provided to 95 nursing students from a university located in J. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. Results of the study The mental simulation practice training program using standardized patients improved the subject's learning motivation (t=-2.011, p=.046), learning self-efficacy (t=-2.225, p=.027), and learning satisfaction (t=-). 3.428, p=.001) and transfer motivation (t=-2.628, p=.009). In addition, as a result of analyzing the self-assessment contents by text mining, words related to mental simulation practice education using standardized patients included situation, experience, acting, communication, scenario, and mental nursing clinical practice, and words related to satisfaction were actual, There was help, response, understanding, variety, etc. As a result of this study, an environment similar to the actual situation was implemented, and the mental simulation training program applying various cases was found to be effective in practical education of nursing students, so it is necessary to actively utilize it to improve the ability to adapt to the field in the future.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.spc
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• pp.21-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of trust in Korean culture using the indigenous psychological analysis. First, this paper raises central questions that arise in Korean families, schools, companies and society: 1) Why are some Korean families disintegrating? 2) What core values do Korean schools teach? 3) What are the goals that Korean companies pursue? 4) Does trust exist in Korean society? Second, this paper reviews a series of empirical studies conducted using the indigenous psychology approach. The results indicate the following three major themes: 1) trust is based on relational culture and ingroup identity; 2) emotional attachment and bond provide the basis of trust; 3) the emphasis on cultivation of virtue through constant self-cultivation rather than ability and the control of the environment. Third, this paper raises central issues that need to be addressed: 1) the extension and expansion of trust beyond the narrow confines of the family and ingroup to include outgroup members; 2) recognition and balance of public rationality and private emotions and relations in society; 3) the achievement of balance between self-regulation and the control of the environment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.299-306
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• 2024

This study sought to suggest improvement measures by analyzing how major satisfaction of college students majoring in tourism in the metropolitan area affects career decision self-efficacy and employment preparation behavior. A survey was conducted on college students majoring in tourism-related fields from April 1 to May 31, 2024, and 217 out of a total of 250 were used for analysis. As a result of the study, hypotheses 1 and 3 established in this study were found to have a significant positive influence, and hypothesis 2 was partially accepted. Therefore, the improvement plan of this study is to make continuous efforts to improve the competitiveness of universities, such as developing educational policies and educational programs to improve the satisfaction of majors, satisfaction with curriculum and classes, and customized teaching methods for each subject, and prior to students' full-scale job preparation activities. There is a need to improve individualized employment strategies for major students and employment counseling methods between professors and students. In particular, it is necessary to establish an efficient employment preparation system through educational facilities and environments, curricula, educational programs, and professor consultations where major students can make their own career decisions.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

Goryeri archaeological site is located in the upstream valley of the Danjang River. The basement rocks of the area are composed of the Cretaceous to Palaeogene biotite granite (KbGr), acidic dyke (Kad), Milyang Andesite (Kma) and Jyunggagsan Formation. Among them Milyang Andesite and Jyunggagsan Formation are prevailed in archaeological site and they are composed of reddish brown tuffaceous shale, sandstone and conglomerate, with intercalations of acidic tuffs and lapilli tuffs. The purpose of this research is not only to compare REE pattern of the soil-sedimentary deposits with those of surrounding rocks, but also to identify vitric tephra in the soil-sedimentary deposits derived from the andesite, acidic tuff and lapilii tuff, in order to illucidate the provenance of the vitric tephra. The rare earth element(REE) of the soils and sedimentary deposits results in the same REE pattern with those analyzed from the surrounding basement rocks. This indicates that the soils and sedimentary deposits are originated from the surrounding basement rocks, most probably from the andesite and lapilli tuff. In addition, vitric tephra were identified both in the Quaternary in-situ weathered soils and sedimentary deposits (PMU-13 and PMU-17), and in the weathered surrounding lapilli tuff. These vitric tephra are considered to be different from those of Japanese AT(Aira Tanzawa) -tephra. The latter is predominant with clean, platty, bubble-walled and Y-shaped vitrics, while the former is conspicuous with those shapes of large and diverse size and devitrified, as well as having secondarily bubbled-surfaces reflecting surface weathering. The size of vitric fragments in the Goryeri site is about 300${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and large in size in compasion to 150${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of Japanese AT-Tephra. The interim results of the research are contradictary to the explanations based on a series of AT-tephra researches carried by Japanese scholar. In short, the vitric materials of the Goryeri archaeological site are most probably originated from the weathering products of the surrounding basement rocks, and are different from the AT-tephra in their size, shape and devitrification properties. Thus it is highly recommended to have a further comprehensive research which is more emphasized the magmatic genesis of these vitric tephra in addition to the external shape and morphology.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

The marine seismic prospecting using a research vessel in the shallow sea near the coastal area has certain limits according to the water depth and survey environment. Also, for the electrical resistivity survey at seashore area, one may need a specially designed high-voltage source to penetrate the very conductive surface layer. Therefore, we have conducted a feasibility study on the application of magnetotelluric method (MT), a passive geophysical method, on investigating of shallow marine environment geology. Our study involves both theoretical modeling and field survey at the tidal flat area which represent the very shallow marine environment. We have applied the audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) method to the intertidal deposits of Gunhung Bay, west coast of Korea, and analysed the field data both qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate the morphology and sedimentary stratigraphy of the tidal flat. The inversion of AMT data well reveals the upper sedimentary layer of Holocene intertidal sediments having a range of 13-20 m thickness and the erosional patterns at the unconformable contact boundary. However, the AMT inversion results tend to overestimate the depth of basement (30-50 m) when compared with the seismic section (27-33 m). Since MT responses are not significantly sensitive to the resistivity of middle layer or the depth of basement, the AMT inversion result for basement may have to be adjusted using the comparison with other geophysical information like seismic section or logging data if possible. But, the AMT method can be an effective alternative choice for investigating the seashore area to get important basic informations such as the depositional environment of the tidal flat, sea-water intrusion and the basement structure near the sea shore.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to look at the fun that high school students from blind schools feel in sports programs. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 10 out of 12 blind schools nationwide, including 122 male and 102 female students. Research tools are open questionnaires and questions are as follows. - Questionnaire: "Write down three of the most interesting things about sports programs." The data analysis was done with frequency analysis and the following conclusions were drawn. First, male high school students at blind schools are able to build up their physical strength in the area of competent factors (control-self) (23, 21.5%), in the area of competent factors (7, 77.8%) and in the area of motion-related factors (competition) (24, 15.1%), and in the area of non-execution factors (26, 37.7%), Second, high school girls with visual impairments did not respond in the areas of proficiency (control-self) because of stress release (25, 26.6%), in the areas of control-tain), in the areas of movement (competition) because they were able to do various exercises (22, 15.7%), and in the areas of non-watering (environmental) (18, 37.5%). Third, in the sports program comparative analysis of high school students between genders of blind schools, boys are interested in health and physical fitness in the field of competent factors (control-self) and girls are considered to be a means of relieving stress. In the field of competent factors (control-others), boys and girls can react to a variety of sports opportunities. In the future, by studying the fun of students in the physical education program through research to find out more fun in the school physical education program, we will explore practical ways to maximize student participation and increase motivation level The educational aspect of the process, that is, the educational value provided by the physical education, should be composed of content that can change the thinking and behavior of the teacher and the student so that the program contents and operation method.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.107-117
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• 2015

As the demand for urban business hotel has increased in the recent years due to the sharp rise in overseas tourists, the potential of business hotel development has gained in financial attention for the real estate investment. However, its concept and business domain has not been defined, and none of investment guidance for the development has not been clarified. Accordingly, this report intends to define the concept of urban business hotel in perspective of real estate investment through prior case studies and literature review, and provide the structure of determinants which control its investment decisions. Furthermore, this study develops the weight of determinants depending on the type of investment, and evaluate the two actual projects in urban area of Seoul, differed from investment type: direct and indirect, based on AHP and Fuzzy methodologies. Research finding indicate that the financial factors affecting the sales and tour business condition factors are critical determinants regardless of investment type. And it is notable that the direct investment perspective pays more attention on the finance and investment associated determinants while the indirect one more focuses on the regional and environmental ones. From the analysis of case evaluation, it is also noteworthy that the direct investors turn out to be more conservative than indirect investors due to the risk of equity capital investment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.3 s.178
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• pp.269-284
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• 2006

Aquifer responses to the river stage fluctuations were analyzed between the groundwater level and the river stage in an alluvial aquifer. The auto-correlation and cross-correlation as a time series analysis were applied. Study site is a floodplain in the Mangyeong river. Groundwater levels in each depth representing the silt and sand(SS), gravel and sand(GS), and weathered zone(WZ) layer were monitored. The groundwater levels were more sensitive to the river stage fluctuations than rainfall. Since the river stages are influenced by the gate operations downstream and tide, show periodic patterns, and the correlation coefficients with rainfall is low. Cross-correlation function between groundwater level in each depth do not show any delay time, then response time is very short to each depth. Cross-correlation analysis were performed to estimate the response time of groundwater levels to river stage fluctuations. Groundwater levels respond to the river stage within 30 minutes to 1 hour in wells near the stream. Short time lag between groundwater level and river stage indicates the quick response. A different response time imply the hydraulic inhomogeneity of the site, and a probable high permeability zone between river and aquifer can be inferred. Mangyeong-river in study site is a gaining stream normally, and river stage rising by gate operation or floods makes river water flow into groundwater. The auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions as a time series analysis can be a good tool to interpret the aquifer responses to stream stage fluctuation