• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2013

Recently, foreign direct investment of Korea has increased significantly. Foreign direct investment is motivated by various reasons and renewable energy investments in foreign countries can be performed by many causes. Korean companies can enjoy the export of products, related EPC contracts, acquisition of the knowledge of the project management technique, pre-occupying effect of the market and profit itself. Wind power projects have biggest share in the investment amounts among the renewable energy business. So, in this study, one wind farm project was selected and supposed to be invested in China, USA, Germany and UK at the same time and the effect of electricity price, corporate income tax, inflation rate and interest rate of debt were analyzed. The result showed that investing in Germany is most profitable because of the highest electricity price and electricity price and debt interest rate are the most sensitive factors for IRR. This approach would be helpful to make decisions in investing foreign wind power projects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

The decline in the construction industry has led to a decrease the profitability of small and medium-sized landscape contractors. To relieve this situation, small and medium-sized landscape contractors have continued to proactively find ways to enter global construction markets. However, many small and medium-sized landscape contractors face risks due to their lack of capacity and insufficient preparations to extend the business abroad. Thus, this study aims to analyze the current condition of the Vietnamese construction market and the related risk factors. It then suggests strategies to improve the small and medium-sized landscape contractors' competitiveness in that market. We investigated the business climate and analyzed risk factors. Finally, we developed expansion strategies and conducted in-depth interviews with six overseas construction professionals. The study results first showed that efforts to improve infrastructure and the increased demand for housing in Vietnam will lead to more opportunities for small and medium-sized landscape contractors entering the Vietnamese construction market. However, changes in the Vietnamese business climate may act as a variable. Second, we found that small and medium-sized landscape contractors' risk factors are mainly related to laws and regulations, government finance, market fluctuations, public administration system, minimum wage increases, financing and bonds, contracting, trees and materials, and design errors. Finally, small and medium-sized landscape contractors are required to consider the following when seeking to enter the Vietnamese construction market: short-term strategy and mid-to-long-term strategy. This study will be used as the basis for small and medium-sized landscape contractors to plan to enter the Vietnamese construction market and to contribute to the expansion of the global construction market in the landscape industry.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.53-80
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the number of bank relationships in Korea. Firm-specific determinants considered here include leverage, size, age, return on asset, investment grade, tangibility, liquidity, R&D expenditure. We estimate the effects of these variables, and compare the results with those from previous studies performed for other economies. Concerning the effects of business cycle, we find that the business cycle is an important factor in determining the number of bank relationships. The number of bank relationships varies over the business cycle, and we notice a counter-cyclical behavior, which means the number decreases during economic expansions and increases during contractions. This result can be interpreted as a result of firms' diversification of borrowings into multiple banks in order to reduce the liquidity risk during the recession. In the subsets, however, the number of bank relationships for large firms is stable regardless of the business cycle. Unlisted firms, non-chaebol, and low credit quality firms which have relatively limited access to alternative sources of financing show counter-cyclical behavior. Finally, such phenomena is not observed in the non-competitive credit market, while they show a counter-cyclical behavior in the competitive credit market.

• Vending industry
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

$\Box$ 시장개요 o 독일 자동판매기 시장은 매출이나 수입, 수출량에서 큰 성장이 없다. 그러나 기존의 주를 이루던 음료, 스낵 자판기 이외에 다양한 자판기 물품 수요가 높아지고 있어 새로운 시장 개척의 기회가 되고 있다. o 자판기 시장의 대부분을 차지하는 음료, 스낵 자판기는 주로 사내에 비치되어 있다. 쉽게 거래처를 바꾸지 않는 독이 바이어 특성상, 기존 고객 유지와 신상품 개발이 주요 성공요인이 될 수 있다. o 자동판매기 시장의 특징은 담당 업체가 자판기 판매에서부터 지속적인 제품 조달 유지, 청소까지 맡게 된다는 점이다. 급격한 수요 증가가 예상되지 않는 한, 구매후의 서비스가 재구매 여부를 결정한다고 할 수 있다. $\Box$ 경쟁 동향 o 독일 자판기 시장에는 독일 제품과 더불어 프랑스, 네덜란드와 같은 주변 유럽국가의 제품들이 시장을 지배하고 있다. 대부분 한 업체에서 물품에 상관없이 다양한 자판기를 생산하고 있다. o 최근에는 선택의 폭이 넓은 복잡하고 다양한 자판기 제품이 인기를 끌고 있다. 박람회를 통해 선보이는 신상품에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. o 신선한 디자인과 다양해진 제품의 양이 새로운 구매 요소로 떠오르고 있다. 자판기의 위치 또한 중요한 변수가 되면서 좋은 위치 선점이 경쟁력 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다. $\Box$ 마케팅 참고사항 o 자동판매기의 경우, 사업 파트너와의 협상이나 각각 상품에 따라 가격이 매우 유동적이다. 기존 시장에서의 기업 인지도 역시 가격 협상에 영향을 미치기 때문에 시장의 정확한 가격을 알아보기가 매우 힘들다. 자사의 가격이 곧 핵심역량을 나타내기 때문에 제3자에게 공개되는 일이 적다. o 독일에서는 우리나라와 달리 온라인 광고시장이 활성화되어 있지 않다. 자동판매기도 온라인 광고보다는 전문 잡지를 통해 광고한다. 올해에도 이런 경향은 지속될 것으로 보인다. $\Box$ 수출 시 참고사항 o 자판기 관련 제품의 독일 진출 시 현재까지 특별한 제약 사항은 없다. 관세는 1.7%이며 부가세는 다른 제품과 동일하게 19%를 적용 받는다. o CE 마크의 획득은 필수적이다. 독일 내 진출을 생각한다면 GS 마크를 획득하는 것도 도움이 된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.59-65
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• 1996

중국은 향후 2020년까지 1000MW급 경수로를 중점적으로 35기이상을 건설할 것으로 예상되는 최대 잠재시장이다. 따라서 현재 1000MW급 원전기술자립을 95% 확보한 한국은 중국 및 인근 아시아지역 원전건설 시장에서 외국과의 경쟁력 확보를 위하여 주도적인 참여방안을 모색해야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 원자력기반기술이 우수한 중국과 한국은 한국형표준원전(KSNP)을 기본모델로 하여 중국 및 아시아의 원전건설에 적용할 표준원전(CSNP, ASNP)을 공동개발 하기 위한 협력체계 구성방안을 제안하였다. 또한 한국이 원자력기술 수출국으로 위치를 확고히 하고, WTO 출범에 따른 원자력시장 개방화에 경쟁력을 갖추기 위해서는 원자력 선진기술을 보유하고, 건설자금조달 및 사업관리 능력과 함께 폭넓은 해외협력 관계를 갖춘 세계적인 원전공급자(Nuclear Vendor)를 육성해야 한다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-190
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• 2009

This study tries to analyze the investment determinants of Chinese firms in local Korea, where the Chinese investing ones have been operating since in the middle of 1990s. The main purpose can be mentioned to test empirically some relations between the investment determinants of Chinese firms and the investment types. In detail speaking, the dependent variables of investment types are classified with sole venture and joint venture, while the independent ones are sorted based on the previous studies with the 2 following factors like the competitive advantages of Chinese firms, and the location advantages of local Korea. This study is conducted as the following: the survey of Chinese firms engaging in investment activities in there is implemented by collecting questionnaires. And for testing the hypothesis, the path analysis of structural equation modeling is activated with SPSS. 12.0 and AMOS 11.0 for windows.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2010

In this paper, we tried to investigate the adjusting patterns of production fluctuation of major soybean production countries. In particular, we focus our attention on the trade transmission effect of major soybean production countries on world market. We found that the instability of world market for soybean is likely to be increased mainly due to the production fluctuation and trade transmission effect of major production countries, e.g. Brazil, Paraguay, and Canada. Most of the major production countries have adjusted the production fluctuation through consumption and trade rather than inventory management, and hence the instability of world market for soybean tends to be more instable. Therefore we need to develop the effective policy measures for making domestic soybean market more stable such as a plan for keeping domestic production, a valid inventory management strategy, a use of futures market, and a strategy to diversify import market as a large importing country.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 1993

Present-day world economy is characterized by : technology nationalism, economic regionalism, market protectionism, multinational corporations, efc. All nations are striving for intensifying national economic rivalry and seeking after their own interests above everything else. Many regions of the world are also forming trading blocs, which could negatively affect nonmember states. The ultimate way to meet these difficulties is to establish production facilities in the countries imposing trade regulations. However, as the existing models of direct forrign investment (DFI) do not account for the particular nature of Korean firm's DFI activities, a new point of departure is imperative. It is because of this that Korean firms have only limited firm-specific advantages, the basic precondition of extant DFI theories, compared with their developed counterparts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.27-31
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• 2003

최근 해외시장에서는 Single Point Responsibility 개념의 선호와 프로세스사업관리능력의 중요성으로 건설사업관리 (Construction Management: 이하 CM)방식이 프로젝트 조달의 중요한 방안으로 사용되며 국내에서도 최근 CM 발주량의 획기적인 증가추세로 사업수행능력 향상을 위한 도구 개발이 절실하다. 가장 유용한 도구로는 국내${\cdot}$외 CM 수행사례 분석을 통해 이에 저해되는 요인과 모범사례 등을 파악하여 산업계로 하여금 체계적 점검과 벤치마킹을 통해 수행능력을 제고할 수 있는 핵심성공요인과 Best Practice의 보급 발간이다. 따라서 본 논문은 최근 감사원에 의해 모범선행사례로 선정된 무주 하천 1,2급 수해복구 건설사업관리 용역에 대한 CM성과를 분석하여 핵심성공요인과 Best Practice를 제공하는 것을 주요 목표로 한다. 본 CM용역에서는 무엇보다도 무주군내 수해복구공사에 CM 사업방식을 도입한 것은 현명하고 진취적이며 시기 적절한 일이라고 판단되며 이러한 선도적 기자체의 의욕적인 시도가 지방에서 수행되는 공공공사의 수준을 한 차원 높이는 계기가 됨은 물론 항구적인 복구공사기법의 하나로 정착하기를 기대한다. 또한 산업계는 CM관련 중심기관을 통하여 이러한 모범사례의 연속적인 분석과 보급을 통해 산업계 전반적인 CM수준을, 제고하여 국내외 CM확대 적용의 기반을 조속히 조성할 수 있기를 바란다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.10-21
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• 2018

This study analyzes difficulties of enterprise activities in Chinese construction market by surveys on early entrants and interviews with experts. This study also suggests future strategy to enter the market by using inducement coefficient model. Korean construction companies in China are under heavy pressure to maintain requirement of licenses, despite recent deregulation. They are in dire predicament for market entry due to the Foreign Direct Investment System. It is almost impossible to participate in public projects and also it is not easy to do PPP projects. Therefore, Korean government should make more efforts to solve those issues through negotiations in FTA and GPA. For future expansion in Chinese construction market, it is highly recommended to boost cooperation models between Korea and China according to the empirical results of inducement coefficient model. Korean companies should collaborate with Chinese companies in some fields: smart city, environment and water treatment. Also, Korean government should support Korean companies by diplomatic means such as requesting for further opening of China's market. In GPA or GATS negotiation, Korean government should ask Chinese government that Korean companies can obtain order independently (without joint venture with Chinese companies) in China. Lastly, Korean construction companies should participate in construction projects ordered by international organizations such as ADB, AIIB.