Management & Information Systems Review (경영과정보연구)

Daehan Academy of Management Information Systems (대한경영정보학회)
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A Study on Determinants of the Number of Banking Relationships in Korea: Firm-specific Determinants and Effects of Business Cycle

우리나라 기업의 거래은행 수 결정요인에 관한 연구: 경기변동의 영향을 포함하여

  • Received : 2017.08.10
  • Accepted : 2017.11.01
  • Published : 2017.11.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the number of bank relationships in Korea. Firm-specific determinants considered here include leverage, size, age, return on asset, investment grade, tangibility, liquidity, R&D expenditure. We estimate the effects of these variables, and compare the results with those from previous studies performed for other economies. Concerning the effects of business cycle, we find that the business cycle is an important factor in determining the number of bank relationships. The number of bank relationships varies over the business cycle, and we notice a counter-cyclical behavior, which means the number decreases during economic expansions and increases during contractions. This result can be interpreted as a result of firms' diversification of borrowings into multiple banks in order to reduce the liquidity risk during the recession. In the subsets, however, the number of bank relationships for large firms is stable regardless of the business cycle. Unlisted firms, non-chaebol, and low credit quality firms which have relatively limited access to alternative sources of financing show counter-cyclical behavior. Finally, such phenomena is not observed in the non-competitive credit market, while they show a counter-cyclical behavior in the competitive credit market.

기존의 많은 연구에서 거래은행 수에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하려는 시도들이 있어 왔다. 일반적으로 기업규모나 업력, 레버리지도, 신용도, 수익성, 연성예산제약, 혁신과 관련된 기밀유지 효과 등이 거래은행 수에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기업의 특성들로 파악되고 있다. 이와 더불어 최근 거시 경제변수도 거래은행 수에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 기업의 대출거래은행 수에 대한 결정요인을 종합적으로 파악하는데 있다. 즉 앞서 언급한 개별 기업들의 특성들의 영향과 더불어 경기변동의 영향도 살펴보았다. 개별기업 특성변수들 각각의 영향에 대해서 기존의 해외논문의 결과와 대비하여 보고하였고, 이러한 결과가 우리나라 간접금융시장에서의 기업들의 자금조달 행태와 어떻게 연결되는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 경기변동의 영향에 대한 분석에서는 경기변동이 기업의 거래은행 수 결정에 있어서 중요한 요인으로 작용함을 발견하였다. 기업들은 거래은행 수 선택에 있어서 경기역행적인 행태를 보였는데, 경기확장기에는 적은 수의 은행과 거래관계를 유지하는 반면 경기수축기에는 보다 많은 수의 은행과 거래관계를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 기업규모에 따라 다르게 나타났는데, 중소기업의 경우에만 거래은행 수가 경기역행적인 행태를 보였고, 대기업의 경우에는 거래은행 수가 경기와 상관없이 안정적이었다. 또한 대안적인 자금조달 수단에 접근이 상대적으로 어려운 비상장기업, 비재벌기업, 신용도가 낮은 기업에서도 경기역행적인 현상이 동일하게 나타났다. 시장의 경쟁도 측면에서는 경쟁적인 시장에서만 경기역행적인 특징을 보였고, 비경쟁적인 시장에서는 이러한 현상이 관찰되지 않았다.

Keywords

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