• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2001

Essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa showed antimicrobial on relatively broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species. Staphylococcus epidermidis was highly sensitive to the essential oil but Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were not. Vibro parahemolyticus, Pseudomoas aeruginosa and Pseudomoas putida showed sensitivity at the concentration higher that 400 ppm, Thegrowth of a pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was inhibited by the essential oil above 200ppm. The radialgrowth of several filamentous fungi was also inhibited The antifungal activity of the essential oil was effective on two plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Altenaria mali. These results sug-gest that essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa has an antimicrobial activity by inhibiting bacterial and fungal species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2013

This study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Larix kaempferi essential oil against dermatophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. The active components of L. kaempferi against dermatophytes were determined (characterized by GC-MS), and the morphological changes of the dermatophytes exposed to the L. kaempferi essential oil were observed by electron microscope. Main component of L. kaempferi essential oil was (-)-bornyl acetate. In antifungal activity tests, MIC of L. kaempferi crude oil was 125 ppm on every fungi and 100% (agar dilution method) at more than 500 ppm. By using SEM and TEM, the fungal morphology of E. floccosum exposed to the L. kaempferi essential oil was different from that of normal hyphal morphology. Hyphae exposed to the L. kaempferi essential oil was damaged with distorted and collapsed surfaces. In addition, there were destruction and disorganization of organelles in cytoplasm and collapse of cell membrane. Active antifungal components from L. kaempferi essential oil were identified as terpene alcohol compounds like (-)-${\tau}$-muurolol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, and ${\alpha}$-cadinol.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2008

For the production of an antifungal compound, one strain (I-8) was selected from approximately 400 strains isolated from various soil samples. The optimum carbon source, nitrogen source and pH culture conditions for the production of the antifungal compound were investigated. ISP No. 2 medium (yeast extract 0.4%, malt extract 1% and dextrose 0.4%, at pH 8) was determined to be the optimum medium. Strain I-8 showed broad antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi tested, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KACC 41065, as well as cellulase and chitinase activities in an agar plate assay. The extraction of antifungal compounds was performed using ethyl ether and ethyl acetate. In a culture broth of strain I-8, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited effective growth inhibition against 14 of the 20 phytopathogenic fungi tested. By mixing the ethyl acetate extract from I-8 with the ethyl ether extract from the fungus 13-16, which shows specific antifungal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare KACC 40808, the antifungal activity of I-8 against phytopathogenic fungi was confirmed to be slightly increased. Strain I-8 showed strong growth inhibition against 16 phytopathogenic strains in agar plate tests.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 2010

To define the optimum conditions for the mass production of four antifungal Pseudomonas spp. isolated from soil, we have investigated culture conditions and effects of various nutrient sources on the bacterial growth and evaluated antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, plant pathogens. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of these isolates were determined as pH 7.0 and $20^{\circ}$ or $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Sucrose, tryptone, and $K_2HPO_4$ generally were more adequate for better growth as carbon, nitrogen and mineral source, respectively. The nutrient sources were also found to be very effective for high antifungal activities against R. solani and S. homoeocarpa. It was elucidated that YUD-F group (P. mandelii and P. fluorescens), which inhabit regions at relatively low temperature, had more broad spectrum and higher antifungal activity than YUD-O group (P. trivialis and P. jessenii) generally against R. solani and S. homoeocarpa. It is thought that the differences of the average temperature in the various habitats of Pseudomonas spp. influence the optimal growth temperature and antifungal activity. Especially, Pseudomonas spp. of YUD-O group showed the better antifungal activity against dollar spot caused by S. homoeocarpa, but showed relatively weaker antifungal activity against brown patch caused by R. solani.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize fungal deteriogens, which induce discoloration of the cement tunnel, and calcite forming bacteria (CFBs), which have antifungal activity against fungal deteriogens. Isolation of mold, bacteria and yeast was performed using several solid media and partially identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS); 5.8S rRNA gene sequencing and 16s rDNA sequencing. A total of 19 microbial strains were identified with the most widely distributed fungal strain being Cladospirum sphaerospermum. In addition, five bacteria derived from the tunnel were identified as CFBs. Amongst the latter, Bacillus aryabhatti KNUC205 exhibited antifungal activity against Cladospirum sphaerospermum KNUC253 and Aspergillus niger KCTC6906 as concentrated filtered supernatants.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2016

This study was to investigate the antifungal activity of A. holophylla essential oil against dermatophytes, such as Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum, and to determine the potential effective compound as dermatitis treatment. To evaluate the potential antifungal activities of A. holophylla essential oil and its fractions, paper disc diffusion and agar dilution method tested with morphological observation. Also, their major constituents were analyzed by GC/MS. To determine synergic effects of active ingredient from A. holophylla essential oil were carried out by checkerboard microtiter plate testing. The morphological changes of the dermatophytes exposed to active fraction G4 were observed by electron microscopes. As the results, the highest activities were identified in the fraction containing ${\alpha}$-bisabolol. A mixture of ${\alpha}$-bisabolol and bornyl acetate showed the synergy effects, expressing high potential effects. Also, morphological observation using electron microscopes showed a dramatic changes of cell membrane of E. floccosum and T. rubrum exposed to fraction G4 containing ${\alpha}$-bisabolol. In conclusion, A. holophylla essential oil and its constituents were expected to be used as antifungal agent or raw material for dermatitis therapy.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.176-181
• /
• 2010

Brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1), dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), pythium blight (Pythium spp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), yellow patch (Rhizoctonia cerealis) and Zoysia patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2) are the major turfgrasses diseases in Korea. In this study, 23 medicinal plant extracts were tested for antifungal activities against turfgrass pathogenic fungi. In paper disk diffusion method, 12 medicinal plant extracts, including Sophora flavescens, showed antifungal activity. Also, in the test of antifungal activity on media contained the extracts of S. flavescens, Curcuma longa, Rheum undulatum, Coptis chinensis and Asiasarum sieboldi showed above 80% inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth in 110 mg/10 ml concentration of the extracts. S. flavescens, in particularly, showed antifungal activity against the six turfgrass pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rate of S. homoeocarpa was 100% in 10 mg/10 ml, 5 mg/10 ml and 2 mg/10 ml concentrations of C. longa extract. In case of Pythium spp., the extracts of S. flavescens, R. undulatum and C. chinensis showed 100 % inhibition rate on the test media.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.430-434
• /
• 2017

Essential oils are fragrant oils extracted from the leaves, stems, peels, petals and roots of aromatic plants cultivated by natural means or using organic agricultural techniques. Essential oils have commonly been used as antibacterial and antifungal agents. In the present study, essential oil was extracted from lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum [Raf.] Shinn.) and tested for antifungal activities against three eumycetes (Penicillium pinophilum, Chaetomium glogosum and Aspergillus niger). Lisianthus essential oil showed high antifungal activities against three eumycetes, especially against Aspergillus niger, for which the resulting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.005 mg/ml. In addition, the extracted essential oil was shown to have antimicrobial activity against ten intestinal pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) according to the disc diffusion method and was also shown to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against an additional three pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). These results indicate that lisianthus essential oil could be used as an antibiotic against harmful bacteria that produce intestinal illnesses. From the present study, we suggest that lisianthus extracts can be utilized as potential antifungal and antibacterial agents and for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.86-88
• /
• 2005

Antifungal activity of the extracts of plants and marine microalgae against Magnaporthe grisea was investigated. Acetone extracts of promegranate rind, leek seed, and maize husk demonstrated high antifungal activity against M. grisea. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of acetone extracts of promegranate rind, leek seed, and maize husk was 100 ng/ml, $50\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Ethanol extract of Amphiprora gigantea showed antifungal activity against M. grisea with MIC of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.859-862
• /
• 2004

This report investigates antifungal activity and effects of growth promotion by biosurfactant produced from Bacillus sp. LP03 and TBM40-3 against fungus causing plants disease (Glay Mold-Botrytis cinerea). Antifugal activity against B. cinerea infeeted to leek (Allium tuberosum Rottler) exhibited better than antifungal agent farming drug (smilex, Dong bang agro., Seoul, Korea.) through the field test. After infected by plant's disease, the leaves growth and number are maintained under presenting biosurfactant produced strains. Especially, one of the strains, named Bacillus sp. LP03 showed strong antifungal activity on field studies.