• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.224-238
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• 2022

The environment and scope of work of optometric personnel in ophthalmology are unknown. We aimed to investigate these topics using an online survey. Based on the results obtained, we also make policy proposals from the perspective of clinical laboratory technologists to the University-Association-Academy. The age distribution of the study subjects was as follows; 20s (40.7%), 30s (28.4%), 40s (23.5%), and 50s (7.4%). Women constituted 56.0% of the cohort, and careers were evenly distributed from <1 to ≥15 years. We found optometric personnel had high levels of work-related stress, frequent occupational diseases, and that their duties were wide in scope. More manpower is needed to reduce work stress and improve work satisfaction. Clinical laboratory technologists held more senior positions at 48% compared to others and the occupational distribution was closely related to the senior occupation (P<0.001). Clinical laboratory technologists were responsible for about 30 types of eye examinations, and the most frequently performed examination was the refraction test; anomaloscopic examinations took the most time (27 minutes). Taken together, clinical laboratory technologists perform various eye exams. Given the importance of clinical laboratory technologists in optometry, a multifaceted effort is required at the University-Association-Academy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Selection of a suitable artificial lift is important in terms of efficient operation and economics for oil production. In general, process of well design includes the selection of artificial lift, but the oil recovery could be enhanced by use of hybrid system combined with two types of artificial lift method according to reservoir condition for oil production. Electric submersible pump (ESP), as a presentative artificial lift method, is a manner for supplying the pressure in the lower part of oil well by using of a multi-stage centrifugal pump with an electric energy. However, there is a disadvantage that has a limit to the application period because of mechanical defection on ESP. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the shutdown time of production well by applying the ESP/Gas lift hybrid system, which is to switch to a gas lift when an ESP is defective. This study describes the effect of ESP/gas lift hybrid system compared with ESP method for a onshore horizontal well locating in the of Permian basin, USA. As a result of study, ESP/gas lift hybrid system could make more effective productivity than ESP method. Also, we quantitatively predicted how much economic benefit would be obtained when the hybrid system was applied in the production well.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.74-79
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• 2022

In this study, the plasma corrosion resistance and the change in the number of contamination particles generated using the plasma etching process and cleaning process of coating parts for semiconductor plasma etching equipment were investigated. As the coating method, atmospheric plasma spray (APS) was used, and the powder materials were Y₂O₃ and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG). There was a clear difference in the densities of the coatings due to the difference in solubility due to the melting point of the powdered material. As a plasma environment, a mixed gas of CF₄, O₂, and Ar was used, and the etching process was performed at 200 W for 60 min. After the plasma etching process, a fluorinated film was formed on the surface, and it was confirmed that the plasma resistance was lowered and contaminant particles were generated. We performed a surface cleaning process using piranha solution(H₂SO₄(3):H₂O₂(1)) to remove the defect-causing surface fluorinated film. APS-Y₂O₃ and APS-YAG coatings commonly increased the number of defects (pores, cracks) on the coating surface by plasma etching and cleaning processes. As a result, it was confirmed that the generation of contamination particles increased and the breakdown voltage decreased. In particular, in the case of APS-YAG under the same cleaning process conditions, some of the fluorinated film remained and surface defects increased, which accelerated the increase in the number of contamination particles after cleaning. These results suggest that contaminating particles and the breakdown voltage that causes defects in semiconductor devices can be controlled through the optimization of the APS coating process and cleaning process.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.429-433
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• 2022

We analyzed both current local policies and in-depth survey data to find out a way to provide job opportunity and income source to local young people in so-called job guarantee system. The young generation in current Korean society has been experiencing both growth without employment and severe economic inequality at the same time, though they should have taken part actively in social development. Their rights for work and survival have also been threatened and losing hope for the future is an widespread symptom in this generation. Kwangju metropolitan city(KMC) has been supporting certain amount of case income and job experience to young people in Kwangju through a local government policy called Kwangju Young Generation Job Experience Dream Service. In spite of high level of satisfaction from the participants, limitations such as below average job performance level of participants and a barrier in the transition to regular position still remain. This study hopes that a case of Kwangju gives pragmatic insights for a realizable path to expanding universal welfare through assuring job opportunity to the young generation in local area.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.971-978
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• 2022

As a marketing method in a non-face-to-face society, the purpose of this study is to test how AR experience affects purchase intention in the process of consumers recognizing product information to purchase products and to secure the basis for the effectiveness of developing and introducing augmented reality functions in future product brand applications. Literary research methods and empirical research methods were used to verify the research purpose, and to measure this, an application of domestic tableware brand 'Odense', which implements augmented reality functions, was produced and used as an experimental tool. Also, a direct causal relationship was attempted by constituting a questionnaire by deriving a measurement scale for perceived usefulness, perceived ease, perceived pleasure, and purchase, which are factors of technology acceptance theory (TAM), and empirical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package to achieve the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, significant results were derived from all factors in the effect of perceived usefulness, ease, and pleasure on purchase intention, and several significant differences were found among factors according to gender, age, and internet shopping usage time in general characteristics. In conclusion, the user experience of the medium in which the augmented reality function is introduced in the information recognition stage of the product has a positive effect on purchase compared to the user experience of existing applications.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.947-960
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• 2021

In this study, we examine the AI ethics perception of university students to explore the direction of AI ethics education. For this, 83 students wrote their thoughts about 5 discussion topics on online bulletin board. We analyzed it using language networks, one of the text mining techniques. As a result, 62.5% of students spoke the future of the AI society positively. Second, if there is a self-driving car accident, 39.2% of students thought it is the vehicle owner's responsibility at the current level of autonomous driving. Third, invasion of privacy, abuse of technology, and unbalanced information acquisition were cited as dysfunctions of the development of AI. It was mentioned that ethical education for both AI users and developers is required as a way to minimize malfunctions, and institutional preparations should be carried out in parallel. Fourth, only 19.2% of students showed a positive opinion about a society where face recognition technology is universal. Finally, there was a common opinion that when collecting data including personal information, only the part with the consent should be used. Regarding the use of AI without moral standards, they emphasized the ethical literacy of both users and developers. This study is meaningful in that it provides information necessary to design the contents of artificial intelligence ethics education in liberal arts education.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the bacterial community structure in organic rice-fish mixed farming paddy soil by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with the organic rice cultivated soil, the content of AP (available phosphorus) increased by 310.23 % and the content of OM (organic matter) increased by 168.83%. The most abundant phyla in paddy soils were Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Chloroflexi, whose relative abundance was above 47.83%. Among the dominant genera, the relative abundance of Limisphaera in paddy soils was observed. Alpha diversity indicated that the bacterial diversity of paddy soils was similar among each other. The bacterial community structure was affected by the relative abundance of bacteria, not the species of bacteria. Principal Coordinated Analysis (PCoA) results showed that the bacterial communities in organic rice-fish mixed farming soil and organic paddy soil were correlated to each other; the bacterial community structure was distinctively grouped by four different systems (paddy soil under organic rice-fish mixed farming system, organic rice cultivation, and conventional rice cultivation), where the first two are closely related to each other than the third one. The results provide basal support for organic agri-cultivation while improving an ecological value at the same time.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2022

Hepatic diseases are divided into two types: alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Non-alcoholic liver injury finally induces fatty liver and damages liver function. Many studies have demonstrated that Ecklonia stolonifera has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. We conducted a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to examine the efficacy of E. stolonifera extracts (ESE) on biochemical markers of hepatic function. Sixty-five subjects with mild or moderate liver injuries were randomly allocated to receive either 420 mg/d of ESE or a placebo for 12 weeks. Fifty-five participants completed the trial. No significant adverse events were observed among the subjects during the study. The primary end points were changes in plasma levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT). The secondary end points were changes in lipid profile levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Compared with the baseline, AST and ALT levels decreased significantly in the ESE group compared to those in the placebo group (P<0.001). In addition, γ-GT levels in the ESE group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P=0.016). There were no differences in the TC, TG, HDL, and LDL levels between groups. In conclusion, ESE consumption for 12 weeks improved liver parameters in subjects with liver injury. Regular consumption of ESE could maintain liver health in individuals at risk of hepatic damage.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2022

This study suggests a guideline for designing unit process of wastewater reuse in terms of a maintenance of the process based on critical parameters to draw a high quality performance of RO unit. Defining the parameters was done by applying membrane integrity test (MIT) in pretreatment process utilizing lab-scale MF. SDI is utilized for judging whether permeate is suitable to RO unit. However, result said TOC concentration matching with particle count analysis is better for judging the permeate condition. When membrane test pressure (P_test) was measured to derive log removal value in PDT, virgin state of membrane fiber was used to measure dynamic contact angle utilizing surface tension of the membrane fiber. Actually, foulant affects to the state of membrane surface, and it decreases the P_test value along with time elapsed. Consequently, LRV_DIT is also affected by P_test value. Thus, sensitivity of direct integrity test descends with result of P_test value change, so P_test value should be considered not the virgin state of the membrane but its current state. Overall, this study focuses on defining design parameters suitable to MF pretreatment for RO process in wastewater reuse by assessing its impact. Therefore, utilities can acknowledge that the membrane surface condition must be considered when users conduct the direct integrity test so that P_test and other relative parameter used to calculate LRV_DIT are adequately measured.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.28-41
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• 2022

A road system with CV(Connected Vehicle)s, which is often referred to as a cooperative intelligent transportation system (C-ITS), provides various road information to drivers using an in-vehicle warning system. Road environments with CVs induce drivers to reduce their speed or change lanes to avoid potential risks downstream. Such avoidance maneuvers can be considered to improve driving behaviors from a traffic safety point of view. Thus, empirically evaluating how a given in-vehicle warning information affects driving behaviors, and monitoring of the correlation between them are essential tasks for traffic operators. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of in-vehicle warning information, this study develops a method to calculate compliance rate of drivers where two groups of speed profile before and after road information is provided are compared. In addition, conventional indexes (e.g., jerk and acceleration noise) to measure comfort of passengers are examined. Empirical tests are conducted by using PVD (Probe Vehicle Data) and DTG (Digital Tacho Graph) data to verify the individual effects of warning information based on C-ITS constructed in Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea. The results in this study shows that drivers tend to decelerate their speed as a response to the in-vehicle warning information. Meanwhile, the in-vehicle warning information helps drivers to improve the safety and comport of passengers.