• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.14-30
• /
• 1995

한국(韓國)의 연근해어업(沿近海漁業)은 국내외 여건의 변화로 경쟁력(競爭力)을 잃어가고 있다. 따라서 구조개선(構造改善)을 통한 활로개척의 필요성이 강하게 대두되고 있으나, 중앙정부(中央政府) 차원의 어업여건(漁業與件) 개선은 장기간이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 지방화시대(地方化時代)를 맞이하여 수산정책(水産政策)도 지방정책(地方政策)에 의한 지역적 특성을 가진 정책으로 발전시켜나갈 필요가 있다. 여기에서는 그런 차원에서 본토(本土)와는 지리적(地理的), 사회적(社會的), 경제적(經濟的)으로 상당히 독립된 특성을 가지고 있는 제주도(濟州道)에 있어서의 연근해어업(沿近海漁業)에 관한 각종 자료를 이용하여 어업의 현황을 분석하고, 나아가 생산성(生産性)을 보다 향상시킬 수 있는 어업구조(漁業構造)의 개선방향(改善方向)에 관하여 연구하였다. 그 연구결과(硏究結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도(濟州道) 연근해어업(沿近海漁業)의 실태(實態) 1) 어업인구(漁業人口)는 계속 감소하고 있으며 부녀자(婦女子) 비율이 뚜렷하게 높다. 2) 어선세력(漁船勢力)은 10톤이하의 소형선(小型船)이 꾸준히 증가되고 있으며, 10~50톤급의 증가률(增加率)도 매우 높다. 3) 어항(漁港)은 107개가 있으나 그중 80%는 비법정(非法定)의 소규모(小規模) 어항(漁港)이었다. 4) 어선어업(漁船漁業)은 연승(延繩) 유자망(流刺網) 채낚기 분기초망어업(焚寄抄網漁業) 등을 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 5) 생산물(生産物)의 종류는 어류(魚類)가 주축을 이루고 있고, 대부분 고급(高級) 어종(魚種)이며, 가격은 상당히 높다. 6) 어선어업(漁船漁業)의 한어기(閑漁期)에 관광산업(觀光産業)과 연계하여 운영하고 있는 유어어업(遊漁漁業)은 상당히 발전할 소지를 가지 고 있다. 2. 문제점(問題點) 1) 어업인구(漁業人口)는 감소하는 반면 부녀자(婦女子)의 참여율은 높아 어선어업(漁船漁業)에 종사할 인력의 수급이 어려우며, 이것이 조업규모(操業規模)를 지속적으로 확대하지 못하는 요인이 되고 있다. 2) 어항시설(漁港施設)이 미비하여 어선어업(漁船漁業)의 규모를 확대시키기가 곤란하다. 3) 연근해어업(沿近海漁業) 어획물(漁獲物)의 판매를 위한 제도 및 시설이 소비환경(消費環境) 및 기호변화(嗜好變化)에 적절히 대응하지 못하고 있다. 4) 유어어선(遊漁漁船)의 운영기반(運營基盤)이 취약하여 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 5) 어업의 경쟁력 확보를 위한 기술교육(技術敎育) 및 연구(硏究) 지도체제(指導體制)가 취약하다. 3. 구조개선(構造改善)의 방향(方向) 1) 어업인력(漁業人力)의 안정적인 수급(需給)을 위하여 어민(漁民)의 정주환경(定住環境)을 개선하고, 어민후계자(漁民後繼者) 육성사업(育成事業)의 자금지원 수준을 향상시켜야 하며, 수산고등학교(水産高等學校) 졸업자(卒業者)를 수산계대학(水産系大學)에 일정 비율 정원외(定員外) 특예입학(特例入學) 시킴으로써 기술(技術)의 고도화(高度化)와 어촌 정착 동기를 높여 주어야 한다. 2) 어업인력(漁業人力) 감소에 대비하여 어선의 장비를 현대화, 생력화(省力化)하여 적은 인력으로도 운영이 가능하도록 유도하여야 한다. 3) 어업의 경쟁력 확보를 위해 어항시설(漁港施設)을 확충하고, 소비자(消費者)의 기호변화(嗜好變化)에 대응하여 위탁판매(委託販賣) 장소를 중심으로 종합어시장(綜合魚市場)을 개설해야 하며, 이와는 별도로 활어위판장(活魚委販場)을 시설하여 어획물(漁獲物) 부가가치제고(附加價値提高) 및 유통개선(流通改善)을 이루어야 할 것이다. 4) 유어어선(遊漁漁船)의 운영도 편의시설(便宜施設)을 확충하고 인공어장(人工漁場)의 조성을 추진하여 안정적인 부업으로 정착될 수 있도록 하는 노력이 필요하다. 5) 연구(硏究) 지도(指導)의 강화를 위하여 제주도(濟州道)에 소재하고 있는 연구(硏究) 지도기관(指導機關)을 적극적으로 활용함은 물론, 필요하다면 기관을 개편 증설하고, 어업인력(漁業人力)의 질적 향상을 위한 어민교육원(漁民敎育院)의 설립도 검토해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.16 no.1 s.30
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 1977

Bacterial diseases of soybean has been recognized as a limiting factor of soybean production in Korea as it was estimated to cause around 10 percent of yield losses annually. The purpose of the study is to obtain information on the diseases through proving the kinds of pathogens and epidemiology, The wire brush method and multineedle appeared to be the best way of inoculation under all circumstances. Wire brush method, especially, was effective in shortening the incubation period and manifesting the lesion development by introducing more inoculum per unit of area. In case of spray inoculation it was necessary to apply a small amount(1 : 1,000) of wetting agent, twin-20, otherwise it was unabled to produce the diseases under field conditions. Two kinds of bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas glycinea and Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sljense were found from surveyed areas in Kore. Wild fire disease on soybean caused by Pseudomonas tabaci had not detectable during the experiment although there were several reports on the disease from other countries. when the pathogens were introduced into sterile soil, bacterial leaf blight pathogen could exsisted until 30 days while bacterial pustule pathogen survived only 4 days under the natural conditions of later June. Both bacteria, however, could produce the disease after more than 10 months period of storage in refrigerator when they were exsisted in infected plant tissues. In warehouse, non-temperature controlled, the bacteria lose their infectability within 6 months period from October to April even though they exsisted in infected tissues. Surface infested seeds with the pathogens could not produced the diseases on seedling stages of soybean plants when the seeds were planted in sterile soil after inoculation by dipping the seeds into bacterial suspensions, although germination was depressed by the pathogens when the seeds were planted on agar media.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.869-882
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials for geological fieldwork around the area of Mai Mountain and to analyze the responses of elementary teachers as to the application of fieldwork. The site of geological fieldwork, Mai Mountain area, is located around the Maisan Provincial Park of Jinan-gun, Jeonbuk Province where a large-scale sedimentary succession in the era of Cretaceous is shown. It provides an easy access to distinct outcrops around the provincial park. The sequences reveal different kinds of sedimentary rocks and various sedimentary structures, and provide information of the lacustrine sedimentary environments of the Cretaceous. In addition, metamorphic rocks and structures formed at the margin of the basement and the basinal fault as well as a sedimentary sequence of the Quaternary formed in a modern fluvial stream are observable. A 4-step fieldwork procedure was applied to a group of 13 elementary teachers. Through questionnaire and interview, results showed that (a) the geological fieldwork and materials were effective to positively increase science teaching from the participating teachers, and that (b) there is a great need of the development of various fieldwork sites and teaching materials that promote active fieldwork for students to have their lived experience and knowledge gain. It is suggested that teacher education programs be able to provide active fieldwork for elementary inservice teachers to properly carry out a geological fieldwork for their students.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1992

본 연구는 충남지역 농어촌의 부엌설비 및 식사현황의 실태를 조사하여 농어촌 부엌설비 연구의 기초자료로 삼고자 1992년 3월 16일부터 2주간에 걸쳐 설문지 조사법에 의해 조사되었고 빈도(N)와 백분율(%), 그리고 변인간의 상관관계는 x$^2$-test로 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 1. 부엌의 구조 및 설비 1) 본 연구대상 농어촌 가정의 부엌 구조는 입식인 경우가 43.9%로서 아직까지도 재래식 구조가 많이 남아있고 부엌의 형태는 일자형(34.1%)과 자형(32.1%)이 가장 많았는데 일자형은 동선이 길고 자형은 면적을 많이 차지하는 단점을 지닌다고 하겠다. 2) 부엌 바닥의 재료는 흙바닥을 그대로 이용하는 경우(38.6%)와 콘크리트로 부엌 바닥을 마감한 경우(39.8%)가 대부분을 차지하였다. 부엌구조가 점차 입식으로 이양되면서 합성수지 제품도 이용(18.7%)되기는 했으나 흙바닥은 어떤 형태로든지 마감처리를 해야 할 것으로 본다. 3) 취사용 열원으로 가장 많이 쓰이고 있는 것은 프로판가스(57.6%)이고 그 다음으로는 연탄(16.5%)과 전기(14.9%)로서 장작과 석유의 이용율은 점차 줄어들고 있었다. 4) 상수도와 하수도시설이 부엌 내에 갖추어져 있는 비율은 각각 64.7%와 48.9%로서 아직도 미흡한 상태라고 할 수 있겠고, 정수기의 사용율은 2.9%로 관심도가 극히 낮은 편이었다. 5) 쓰레기를 분리해서 처리하는 경우는 21.8%로서 분리처리에 대한 실천이 잘 안되고 있었으며 젖은오물 처리시 비닐봉지를 사용하는 경우는 61.4%로서 과반수 이상으로 나타났다. 6) 부엌설비 중 부엌바닥재료와 취사용 열원은 가정의 수입과 positive(＋)의 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 가족의 식사현황 1) 주부가 식사를 담당하는 비율은 89.0%로서 높은 비율을 차지하였는데 이는 가족의 영양과 건강유지를 위하여 바람직한 일로 생각된다. 2) 식사장소로서 가장 많이 이용되는 곳은 안방(81.7%)이었으며 미비하기는 하나 그 다음으로는 부엌식당(15.6%)이었다. 이는 아직까지 농어촌지역에서 침식분리가 제대로 되어지지 않고 있다는 것을 시사해준다. 3) 가족이 모두 일주일에 5~7회 정도 식사를 함께 하는 경우가 아침식사시에는 55.1%, 저녁식사시에는 65.7%로 나타나 비교적 가족이 식사시간에 함께 모일 수 있는 여건이 마련되어 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 4) 가족의 외식횟수는 극히 적은편으로서 한달에 한번도 없거나 있어도 한번 정도인 경우가 대부분인 것(95.0%)으로 나타났다. 5) 가정내의 가공식품 이용도는 가끔 이용한다가 67.9%로 가장 많았고 주부의 직업이나 가정의 수입과는 negative(－)의 상관을 보임으로써 값싼 주식의 대용품이 많이 이용되는 것으로 사료된다. 이와 같이, 농어촌 가정의 부엌설비와 가족의 식사현황 문제를 조사해 본 결과 과거에 비해서는 좀더 합리적으로 변모하고 있다고 할 수 있겠으나 아직도 개선해야 할 점은 많은 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 앞으로 구체적이고도 현실적인 연구가 계속 이루어져야 할 것으로 기대해 본다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.370-378
• /
• 2005

The characteristics of heavy metal biosorption on the seaweeds were investigated to develop a biological treatment technology for wastewater polluted with heavy metals. The heavy metal biosorption on seaweeds ranked in the tallowing order: U. pinnatifida$\geq$E. stolonifera$\geq$Laminaria sp.>G. amansii. The Pb was biosorbed in the range of $93{\sim}99%$, and the Cu and Cd were biosorbed in the range of $70{\sim}80%$ at the concentration of the heavy metal of $100mg/{\ell}$ respectively. The seaweed which was pretreated with $CaCl_2$ solution improved the biosorption of the heavy metals. The temperature and pH didn't affect the biosorption of heavy metals. The Langmuir isotherm reasonably fit the data of heavy metal biosorption compared to the Freundlich isotherm. The affinity of metals on the biosorption ranked in the following order: Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd. The biosorption efficiency of the heavy metals on the U. pinnatifida decreased in the multi-component rather than the single component. The heavy metals adsorbed on the U. pinnatifida were recovered using 0.3%-NTA. U. pinnatifida among the seaweed used in this work showed the best performance for the biosorption of the heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 2002

This study was to provide information about snow falling phenomenon in Korea for 1934 years from BC 6 to 1928 based on the records of old literatures, which are the true record of the Chosun dynasty, records of king Kojong and Soonjong, and some data including history of the Koryo in internet home page of Korea meteorological administration. Key words used in search procedure were totally 20 words such as snow, heavy snow, big snow, snow pellets, snowstorm, avalanche, etc. The searching contents consisted of the time of the first and the last snow, the amount of snow falling, snow damage, the thought about heavy snow phenomenon, and unusual weather conditions related to snow. The earliest record for the first snow was July of the rural calendar in 733 and the latest record for the last snow was June 11 of the lunar calendar. From these records, it could be estimated that there were some snow falling even in summer season. The amount of almost heavy snow ranged from 1.2 m to 1.5 m, but sometimes there were some records about the amount of snow falling higher than 3 meters. It was also found that there were three records about big heavy snow damages. In 1524 and 1525, approximately 100 and 140 peoples in Kyungsung, Hamgyung Province were dead due to heavy snowstorm. It was also recorded that 91 people in Jeiu island were dead in 1670 because of snow damage. Some singular records about snow were also found in old literatures. There was a congratulatory ceremony of new snow when the first snow was falling in the year. There was also a ritual praying for snow when there was no snow in the year. It was also found that there was snow falling with worms and red snow falling.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.482-500
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the phytosociological vegetation structure through a sampling survey of Mt. Jirisan National Park. And it was conducted to provide the latest data for establishing a conservation and management plan for forest ecosystems. As a result of TWINSPAN classification, it was classified into 4 communities. Group I is the Fraxinus mandshurica - Acer pseudosieboldianum Community, group II is the Quercus serrata - Quercus variabilis Community, group III is the Quercus mongolica Community, group IV is the Pinus densiflora Community. Group I is dominated by Fraxinus mandshurica in the canopy layer, and Cornus controversa and Quercus mongolica compete and maintain dominance. Group II is dominated by Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata in canopy layer, and Styrax obassia and Styrax japonicus compete in sub-tree layer. In group III, Quercus mongolica has a high dominance of 67% in canopy layer and 27% in the sub-tree layer, and Acer pseudosieboldianum competes with the Quercus mongolica in the sub-tree layer. In group IV, Pinus densiflora showed a high dominance of 74% in canopy layer. The sub-tree layer is dominated by Quercus mongolica, and is accompanied by competition between Carpinus tschonoskii and Fraxinus sieboldiana.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2000

The egg development and morphological changes of larvae of the file fish, Thamnaconus modestus(Gunther), was investigated by artificial insemination. The fertilized egg was spherical in shape, colorless and adhesive with 0.63~0.67mm in diameter and yolk had 20~30 oil globules of various size (0.04~0.16 mm in diameter). The hatching occured at 53 hours after fertilization in $21.0\sim23.0^{\circ}C$ of water temperature. Hatched larvae measured 2.07~2.20 mm in total length with 5~6+17~18=22~24 myotomes. The 3~4 days after hatching larvae grew to the total length 2.62~2.77 mm, opened mouth and anus. The 5 days after hatching, total length of the larvae was 2.74~3.04 mm, the first dorsal fin was formed at the behind of head. After hatching 12~13 days larvae attained 3.78~3.99 mm in total length. This period formed rudimental dorsal fin and anal fin. Twenty days after hatching, larvae grew to 6.04~6.17mm in total length, at which time the dorsal, anal and caudal fin rays reached 19~20, 18~19 and 9~10, respectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of the existence of high-risk groups of dental caries and influential factors for the high-risk groups, as there was a possibility that certain people might especially be at risk of suffering from dental caries when decayed, missing, and filled teeth index were analyzed, which were the typical indicators of dental caries. The data of the 4th National Health & Nutrition Survey for 2007, 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. Significant caries index (SiC index) were calculated, which were one of the representative devices to indicate high-risk groups of dental caries, and the SiC index and related factors were analyzed by using $x^2$ (chi-square) test. Besides, logistic regression analysis was utilized to find out influential factors, and a statistical package STATA 11.0 was employed. As a result of analyzing what factors would be linked to high-risk groups of dental caries, it's found that women were more likely to belong to high-risk groups than men (p<0.01). How the related factors affected the high-risk groups was analyzed, and it's found that those who didn't find themselves to be in good oral health were more likely to be classified into a high-risk group, and that those who brushed their teeth three times a more a day on a regular basis were more likely to belong to a high-risk group than the others who didn't (p<0.01). Thus, SiC index were calculated in this study to confirm the existence of dental caries high-risk groups, and what factors impacted on the high-risk groups was ascertained. It's required to implement efficient national policies to step up the promotion of national oral health based on the findings of the study.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 1983

In Korea, Brassica species planted in summer remain in rosette and do not flower. Seed production of vernalized rape seedlings grown in summer was evaluated to establish method of generation shortening and genetically pure seed production without isolation of seed fields. When vernalized rape seedlings of different maturity groups were transplanted in summer, all plants bolted and flowered, and average days from sowing to bolting and flowering was 37 and 58. respectively. It took 85days for early maturity group, 88 days for medium maturity group, and 108 days for late maturity group to mature. Seed yield of vernalized plants grown in summer was 8.8 gr per plant and 53kg per l0a which was 23% of seed yield of rape planted in autumn. However, enough seeds were produced to test oil composition and cake and to plant for a next generation. If seedlings are raised, they can be transplanted in more than 1, 000 times of original seed field, indicating that genetically pure seed can be produced without caging seed fields with nets and isolation of seed fields since other Brassica species do not flower in summer.