• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.476-481
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• 2007

There was no difference between eco-friendly and conventional cultivated soils in the chemical properties. But $Av.P_2O_5$ contents in the eco-friendly cultivated soils were slightly higher than that of conventional cultivated soils. In the conventional cultivated soils, the coefficient of correlation between spore density and soil chemical properties such as pH, EC, OM, $Av.P_2O_5$, K${\surd}$(Ca+Mg) and CEC was $-0.48^*$, -0.05, $0.48^*$, -0.12, -0.13, 0.31 respectively. But, in the eco-friendly cultivated soils was $-0.68^*$, $0.69^*$, $0.96^{**}$, $0.75^*$, $0.63^*$, $0.92^{**}$ respectively. The spore density was 140 spores $30g^{-1}$ in the eco-friendly cultivated soils and 60 spores $30g^{-1}$ in the conventional cultivated soils. Infection ratio of intercellular hypha was higher than that of arbuscular and vesicular among the fungi structures within the root. Suncheon and Cheonan as eco-friendly cultivated soil were higher than GimJe and NamWon in infection ratio.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.420-428
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• 2015

The majority of cultivated varieties of grape have perfect flowers that are clustered in an individual inflorescence. Grape flower has a single pistil, five stamens, a protective flower cap (calyptra), and a calyx. After fertilization, an individual flower develops into a single berry. Although there are a number of reported studies focusing on berry formation, berry enlargement, and sugar accumulation in grape, the morphological studies of flower, including gametophyte morphogenesis and structural change in floral organs, have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated the flower structure and development characteristics of grape using microscopy and defined the floral development stages 9 to 13 based on microspore or male gametophyte development stage from tetrad to mature pollen. We used seeded diploid table grapes 'Campbell Early' (Vitis labruscana) and 'Tamnara' (V. spp.) as plant materials. At floral development stage 9, pollen mother cells develop to tetrads. During floral development stages 10 to 11, unicellular microspore develop to mid bicellular pollen. At the end of floral stage 12, male gametophyte develops to mature tricelluar pollen. In floral stage 13, the flower cap falls off and flower bud opens. During floral development stages 9 to 12, there were no major changes in calyx length, whereas the length of the flower cap continuously increased. The flower cap-to-calyx length ratio was 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.5 at floral stages 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. The flower cap-to-calyx length ratio was consistent in the two grape cultivars, suggesting that the ratio is a morphological character representing floral development stage. This study provides a reference for determining floral development stage of the two grape cultivars. It will be useful for the determination of optimum time for microspore culture needed to generate doubled haploid lines and appropriate gibberellic acid treatment needed to induce parthenocarpic fruit development in 'Tamnara' grape.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

Here, we reported 159 varieties of major cultivars using grapevine genetic resources to identify the resistant grape ripe rot cultivars. To do this, we performed pathogenicity assays from these grape cultivars by inoculating Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) method was also used to compare genetic diversity among grape varieties. As a result, leaves inoculated with C. acutatum showed that 58 cultivars were susceptible, while 17 cultivars were resistant. In the case of C. gloeosporioides, 34 cultivars were found to be susceptible, while 25 cultivars were resistant. The 8 cultivars that showed resistance to both species were 'Agawan', 'Huangguan', 'Xiangfei', and 5 other cultivars from the hybrids of European and American species. Most of the varieties such as 'Emerald Seedless', 'Tano Red', and 'Rem 46-77(Aestivalis GVIT 0970)' originated in European species were identified as susceptible. These results can be used in the effective management of grape disease. In addition, these findings provide information for the development and cultivation of resistant to grape ripe rot disease cultivars.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.2-11
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• 1985

과수농사를 짓는데 있어서 어느 해이던 간에 병해충의 발생이 없는 해는 없다. 올해 역시 예년과 마찬가지로 각종 병해충이 발생되었던 한해였다. ''70년도부터 ''85년도까지의 주요 병해충 발생양상을 보면, 점차 증가하고 있는 병해로 사과반점낙엽병과 부패병이 있는데, 이들 병은 ''70년대초에는 거의 무시할 정도의 발생을 보인 병들로 ''78년이후 급증하는 병이며, 해충은 점박이응애, 사과굴나방, 조팝나무진딧물, 포도호랑하늘소 같은 것들로 이들 해충은 현재 농약만으로의 방제가 어려운 상태에 있다. 이와는 반대로 점차 그 발생이 감소하고 있는 병해충은 ''70년초 심하였던 배나무적성병, 복숭아축엽병으로 ''75$\~$''80년도에 와서 거의 미미한 발생을 보이고 있다. 반면 예나 지금이나 지속적인 발생으로 과수재배농가에 피해를 주고 있는 것으로 사과부란병, 복숭아세균성천공병, 심식충류, 잎말이나방류, 깍지벌레류 등이 있다. 이들중 올해 가장 문제가 되었던 것은 사과탄저병으로 금년도의 기상조건이 발병에 좋은 조건이었고, 방제시기에 일기가 불순하여 충실한 방제를 하지 못한 관계로 더욱 심하였다.

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.231
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

제28회 한국유기농업대회 준비돌입/환경호르몬으로부터 자유로워질수 있는 길/우리의 산야초/연속 강우에 따른 과일나무 잎의 갈변에 대하여/벼 멀칭재배의 이론과 기술/김제지평선축제, 성공적으로 개최돼/신태인 유기농 포도축제 성료/질병 예방을 위한 식사/일본,고령화와 웰빙 붐으로 건강식품시장 '폭발'/스위스,유기농가 급속 확산/LA,'건강빵'경쟁 후끈~후끈/일본,학교급식용 중국산 냉동가지 풋콩에서 잔류농약 검출/두가지 비료로 유기농작물의 고품질 다수확 생산을 체계적으로 보다 쉽게 하는 방법/전남도, 전국 최초 '친환경축산 5개년 종합계획'수립/배추 노균병 어떤 병인가?/고추.방울토마토 증수/중국 박람회 및 유기농장 연수기/"유기가공식품" 인증 법제화 추진/국내외 친환경 농축산물의 생산 및 인증 실태/친환경 유기낙농의 정착 방안/9월중 새식구 명단/농촌진흥청,토양전자지도,휴대폰 영농정보 제공/친환경인증기관협의회 출범/친환경농자재'목록공시제'시행/충주시,친환경바이오농업 확대 추진/제주,친환경농업 발전전략 심포지엄 개최/유기 및 일반 농산물의 품질 비교에 관한 연구/유기질 비료의 이해

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.615-641
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• 2015

This study analyzes an economic efficiencies of apples, pears, and grapes farming. We evaluate an annual economic overall efficiency (OE), allocative efficiency (AE), technology efficiency (TE), pure technology efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE) using data envelopment analysis (DEA). We also measure returns to scale of farms, and the change of technical efficiency of frontier farms. Lastly we estimate the effects of some explanatory variables on allocative, pure technical, and scale efficiencies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to present the basic materials of a developmental counterplan by assessing prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and characteristics of work-related ergonomic risk factors. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of 64 vineyard workers was investigated by using a self-reported questionnaire. And the vineyard workers' tasks were also collected and analyzed during 9-month period by observing and videotaping methods to identify the ergonomic risk factors. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms of female(84.4%) was much higher than that of male(62.5%) and a total prevalence rate was 73.4%. There was no different prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms between age over 60 years and under 60 years. The prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints for each body part were 48.4%, 42.2%, and 35.9% for the wrist, legs/knee, and shoulder, respectively. In postural risk analysis, 7 works(REBA score) represented the high risk tasks such as delivering harvest boxed(12), picking cluster(11) and so on. The main works(exposure score) were orderly ranked as picking cluster(1590), pruning branch(388), and cluster thinning(327). The risk factors of vineyard work were identified as follows: shoulder flexion(${\geq}45^{\circ}$), wrist Flex./Ext.(${\geq}15^{\circ}$), hand force(power/pinch-grip), and prolonged standing(${\geq}4hr$). The engineering solutions including an improvement of hand tools, working process, and working environment should be applied to the high risky tasks in order to resolve the ergonomic problems. The administrative solutions such as improving a distribution of resting time, an exercise cure, an early recognition of symptoms and rehabilitation might be another solution for reducing musculoskeletal symptoms in vineyard workers.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate suitable pruning methods to avoid poor berry setting of 'Kyoho' grapevine in Suwon and Anseong areas. Light pruning increased percentage of bud bursts and number of shoots per bearing mother branches(BMB), cluster weight and percentage of berry sating but it decreased shoot length, number of leaves and, leaf area and leaf weight. There was little difference in soluble solids, titratable acidity, and anthocyanin contents of berries by the treatment of either light or heavy pruning. Shoot length became longer as diameter of BMB thickened, leaf area and chlorophyll content also became larger and diameter of BMB. Total carbohydrate and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents showed significantly little difference, but total carbohydrate and Ca contents showed a tendency of continuous increase as diameter of BMB thinned. Number of seeded berries per cluster became fewer as BMB thinned but percentage of berry setting showed an increasing tendency. Cluster weight, berry weight, berry number per cluster, soluble solids, anthocyanin content were higher in case of around 1cm of diameters of BMB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2002

The purposes of this research are to identify the source and the extent of contamination of nitrate in groundwater in a typical agricultural area. The study area has many livestock raising facilities, rice paddies and grape farms. In order to identify the hydrogeological character, we sampled groundwater and surface water in 27 locations and performed chemical analyses. Nitrate-nitrogen is the major contaminant in this area. Approximately 32 ~ 42% of groundwater samples are over the drinking water limit(10 mg/L) and 77% estimated to be entered from artificial sources. The nitrogen isotope analysis indicates animal waste being the major source of nitrate in water samples. Not only presently operating livestock facilities but also abandoned ones influence groundwater quality for a long time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.293-297
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• 2005

This experiment was carried to investigate the optimum concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment for enhancing fruit coloration of 'Kyoho' grapes. Cluster and berry weights showed a tendency that increased in proportion to concentration of ABA treatment, but were not significant in all treatments. Also, soluble solids and titratable acidity were not significant during fruit development in all treatments. L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity showed a tendency that decreased after rapidly increased in all treatments, and was the highest in 1000 mg/l ABA treatment at final harvest. Anthocyanin and total phenolics contents were high in proportion to ABA treatment concentration, and anthocyanin content in 1000 mg/l ABA treatment was 2.5 folds of that in control. Fructose and glucose as soluble sugars were detected, but sucrose was not detected. Both fructose and glucose contents increased during fruit development, but showed little difference in all treatments.