• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.285-297
• /
• 2021

Globally, nuclear-decommissioning facilities have been increased in number, and thereby hundreds of thousands of wastes, such as concrete, soil, and metal, have been generated. For this reason, there have been numerous efforts and researches on the development of technology for volume reduction and recycling of solid radioactive wastes, and this study reviewed and examined thoroughly such previous studies. The waste concrete powder is rehydrated by other processes such as grinding and sintering, and the processes rendered aluminate (C3A), C4AF, C3S, and ��-C2S, which are the significant compounds controlling the hydration reaction of concrete and the compressive strength of the solidified matrix. The review of the previous studies confirmed that waste concretes could be used as recycling cement, but there remain problems with the decreasing strength of solidified matrix due to mingling with aggregates. There have been further efforts to improve the performance of recycling concrete via mixing with reactive agents using industrial by-products, such as blast furnace slag and fly ash. As a result, the compressive strength of the solidified matrix was proved to be enhanced. On the contrary, there have been few kinds of researches on manufacturing recycled concretes using soil wastes. Illite and zeolite in soil waste show the high adsorption capacity on radioactive nuclides, and they can be recycled as solidification agents. If the soil wastes are recycled as much as possible, the volume of wastes generated from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is not only significantly reduced, but collateral benefits also are received because radioactive wastes are safely disposed of by solidification agents made from such soil wastes. Thus, it is required to study the production of non-sintered cement using clay minerals in soil wastes. This paper reviewed related domestic and foreign researches to consider the sustainable recycling of concrete waste from NPPs as recycling cement and utilizing clay minerals in soil waste to produce unsintered cement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 2002

우리나라의 남해안은 양식업에 의한 어업 활동이 활발하다. 특히 굴양식은 남해안 주민의 주소득원으로 생산량이 급격히 증가하고 있으나, 굴패각 형태의 폐기물 또한 급격히 증가하여 폐기물로 처리하여야 하는 굴패각의 처리비용의 부담으로 방치되거나 무단 투기됨으로 인해 해안 지역의 환경 오염이 날로 심각해지고 있다. 지금까지 굴패각의 처리는 매립에 의존하였으나 보다 확실한 처리 방법을 찾기 위해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다.(중략)

• Nuclear industry
• /
• v.23 no.2 s.240
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 2003

일본은 현재 52기의 원자력발전소가 가동중에 있으며 3기가 건설중에 있다. 또한 원자 연료 사이클에 있어 요구되는 우라늄 농축, 방사성 폐기물의 매설 처분, 고준위 유리화 고화체 폐기물의 저장 및 관리, 재처리에 따른 각종 시설이 운영 또는 건설중에 있다. 이와 같이 원자력 이용의 발전에 따라 방사성 물질의 수송은 앞으로 더욱 활성화되고, 원자연료 사이클을 착실하게 추진하기 위해서도 방사성 물질의 안전 수송 확립은 필수적이어야 한다. 본 내용은 원자 연료 물질의 수송에 대하여, 수송을 어떻게 안전하게 수행하고 있는가, 그리고 안전성 확립과 합리화를 위한 문제점은 무엇인가에 대해 소개하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.05b
• /
• pp.391-392
• /
• 2003

한전 원자력 환경기술원에서는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 유리화 기술의 상용화 가능성을 입증하기 위한 유리화 실증설비를 건설하여 시험 중에 있으며 이 유리화 기술은 유도 가열식 저온로(Cold Crucible Melter, CCM)에 폐기물을 투입하는 기술로서 폐기물의 부피 축소 효과와 더불어 최종 고화물로 생성되는 폐기물의 침출율이 매우 낮은 장점을 지닌다. 이와 같은 유리화 공정은 기존의 소각처리에서와 같이 폐기물의 열적 산화과정에 의해 유해오염가스와 입자성 물질이 발생된다. 따라서 이를 처리하기 위해배기체 처리공정(Off Gas Treatment System, OGTS)을 설치하여 환경 배출기준(SO$_2$300ppm, NO$_2$ 200ppm, CO 600ppm, HCI 50ppm, 분진 100mg/Nm$^3$ 등)을 만족하도록 하였고 특히 입자성 물질은 후단 OGTS나 배관내 침적으로 인한 방사성 오염을 막기 위해 CCM 후단에서 효율적으로 제거되어야만 한다. (중략)

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2010

This paper investigated the characteristics of wasteform containing a spent zeolite used as a separating agent of FPs for recycling LiCl waste which would be generated from pyrochemical process of spent PWR fuel. In this study, a conventional borosilicate and Ca-rich glass were used as a consolidating agent for spent zeolite and it's mixing ratio was changed in the range, $25{\sim}35wt%$. The leach rates of Cs and Sr had about $0.1{\sim}0.01g/m^2day$ and $0.001{\sim}0.0001g/m^2day$, respectively. The leach resistance of Cs increased with amount of SAP and it showed about 10 times higher in the Ca-rich glass wasteform than in the conventional borosilciate glass wasteform. The compressive strength of wasteform was affected with the amount of glass. Thermal expansion rate of containing 30wt% glass has relatively lower than others. Also, the melting temperature was little changed in given mixing ratio of glass.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2007

Leachates resulting from the waste landfill of waste can possibly cause the second pollution, such as the underground water and environmental pollution. Accordingly, Liner layer has been installed in the reclaimed land of waste to block and purify permeation water to and prevent this second pollution. The material used as Liner layer should have water resistance and be less than permeability coefficient of $1{\times}10^{-7}$ cm/sec. As it is very difficult to get this kind of natural clay with low permeability around the field, the suitable way to get the low permeable material is to use blend with good watertighness by mixing it with natural soil which is spread in the site. While this mixed soil, which can resist water, is commonly used in the site, namely, bentonite and MCG cementious mateiral mixed soil, which is widely used as Liner layer in the reclaimed land of waste, is recognized in Liner and durability. The study was performed to find the effect of additive of the bottom liner in the waste landfill. The aim of this paper is to explain of the field application examples as well as the data of experimental research with the engineering properties of Liner layer of the reclaimed land.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.130.1-130
• /
• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.125.1-125
• /
• 2002

• Magazine of RCR
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2020

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.6 s.181
• /
• pp.699-710
• /
• 2006

Batch scale experiments to investigate the efficiency of the solidification process for metal mine tailing treatment were performed. Portland and MSG (micro silica pouting) cements were used as solidifier and three kinds of mine tailings (located at Gishi, Daeryang, and Aujeon mine) were mixed with cements to paste solidified matrices. Single axis com-pressible strengths of solidified matrices were measured and their heavy metal extraction ratios were calculated to investigate the solidification efficiency of solidified matrices created in experiments. Solidified matrices ($5cm{\times}5cm{\times}5cm$) were molded from the paste of tailing and cements at various conditions such as different tailing/cement ratio, cement/water ratio, and different cement or tailing types. Compressible strengths of solidified matrices after 7, 14, and 28 day cementation were measured and their strengths ranged from 1 to $2kgf/mm^2$, which were higher than Korean limit of compressible strength for the inside wall of the isolated landfill facility ($0.21kgf/mm^2$). Heavy metal extractions from intact tailings and powdered matrices by using the weak acidic solution were performed. As concentration of extraction solution for the powdered solidified matrix (Portland cement + Gishi tailing at 1:1 w.t. ratio) decreased down to 9.7 mg/L, which was one fifth of As extraction concentration for intact Gishi tailings. Pb extraction concentration of the solidified matrix also decreased to lower than one fourth of intact tailing extraction concentration. Heavy metal extraction batch experiments by using various pH conditions of solution were also performed to investigate the solidification efficiency reducing heavy metal extraction rate from the solidified matrix. With pH 1 and 13 of solution, Zn and Pb concentration of solution were over the groundwater tolerance limit, but at pH $1{\sim}13$ of solution, heavy metal concentrations dramatically decreased and were lower than the groundwater tolerance limit. While the solidified matrix was immerged Into very acidic or basic solution (pH 1 and 13), pH of solution changed to $9{\sim}10$ because of the buffering effect of the matrix. It was suggested that the continuous extraction of heavy metals from the solidified matrix is limited even in the extremely high or low pH of contact water. Results of experiments suggested that the solidification process by using Portland and MSG cements has a great possibility to treat heavy metal contaminated mine tailing.