• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2008

As we choose ground control points for aerial triangulation, we have a lot of problems in a mountain, a costal area, a desert, the foreshore etc because they don't have clear topography for control points and it spends a lot of cost and occurs problems of accuracy. In this study, we compare and analyze between ground control points from LiDAR intensity, digital map with ground control points from the field survey as doing AT each. As the result, the average error was ${\pm}1.02m$ from using LiDAR intensity, ${\pm}1.13m$ from using digital map. this result can present the control points from LiDAR intensity is 0.11m better than from digital map.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2000

In order to investigate antitumor and immune response effect by Hyangsapyungwisan after Sarcoma-180 cells and methotrexate were treatred each other, the extract of Hyangsapyungwisan was orally administered to ICR mice for 14 days. To evaluate the effects of the Hyangsapyungwisan, 50% inhibition concentration($IC_{50}$), mean survival days, tumor weight for antitumor effects, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, natural killer cell activity and productivity of interleukin-2 for immune responses measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Mean survival time in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was slightly prolonged, as compared with control group(13.46%). 2. On the MTT assay, cell viability was significantly inhibited by $5{\mu}g/well,\;2.5{\mu}g/well,\;1.25{\mu}g/well,\;and\;0.625{\mu}g/well$ of Hyangsapyung-wisan concentration inhibited cell viability significantly. $IC_{50}$ for cell viability was $11.59{\mu}g/well$. 3. Tumor weight in Hyangsapyungwisan treated group was depressed, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 4. Hemagglutinin titer in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 5. Hemolysin titer in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was silightly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 6. Rosette forming cells in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was silightly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 7. Naural killer cell activity in Hyangsapyungwisan-treated group was significantly increased(p<0.05). 8. Production of interleukin-2 was significantly increased(p<0.05). According to the above results, Hyangsapygwisan had prominent antitumor effects, and enhance both cellular and humoral immunity in mice.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-186
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate necessity of overtime hospital business hours and patient's visiting time preferences. Methods : The study was composed of 117 children's protectors who visited the pediatrics department in Kyunghee university oriental medicine hospital between on April 14th and on July 4th in 2008. Results and Conclusions : 1. Question for asking the preference of weekdays regular consultation hours 27% of preschool children preferred time around 11 am to 12 pm, each 32% of school aged children preferred time around 3:30 to 4:30 pm, 4:30 to 5:30 pm. 2. Question for 'Have you ever experienced inconvenience for regular consultation hours' 41% of them said 'Yes', and 59% said 'No'. 3. School aged children more experienced inconvenience for regular consultation hours than preschool children, and more likely to come at overtime hospital business hours. 4. Question for 'If the hospital extends the business hours for holidays and weekdays and Saturdays, would you prefer to come at that time?' 88% of them answered 'Yes'. 5. Question for asking the preference time on weekdays, 35% of them preferred 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. 6. Question for asking the preference time on Saturdays, 44% of them preferred 1:30 to 2:30 p.m. 7. Question for 'Do you willing to pay extra charges if you visit in non office hours?' 66% were willing to pay, 24% of them said "no", 'the other opinion' is 10%.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.687-690
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• 2002

Multimode boundary-layer transition on a NACA0012 airfoil is experimentally investigated under periodically passing wakes and the moderate level of free-stream turbulence. The periodic wakes are generated by rotating circular cylinders clockwise or counterclockwise around the airfoil. The free-stream turbulence is produced by a grid upstream of the rotating cylinder, and its intensity(Tu) at the leading edge of the airfoil is $0.5\;or\;3.5\;{\%}$. The Reynolds number ($Re_c$) based on chord length (C) of the alrfoil is $2.0{\times}10^5$, and Strouhal number ($St_c$) of the passing wake is about 0.7. Time- and phase-averaged streamwise mean velocities and turbulence fluctuations are measured with a single hot-wire probe, and especially, the corresponding wall skin friction is evaluated using a computational Preston tube method. The wake-passing orientation changes pressure distribution on the airfoil in a different manner irrespective of the free-stream turbulence. Regardless of free-stream turbulence level, turbulent patches for the receding wakes propagate more rapidly than those for the approaching wake because adverse pressure gradient becomes larger. The patch under the high free-stream turbulence ($Tu=3.5{\%}$) grows more greatly in laminar-like regions compared with that under the low background turbulence ($Tu=0.5{\%}$) in laminar regions. The former, however, does not greatly change the original turbulence level in the very near-wall region while the latter does it. At further downstream, the former interacts vigorously with high environmental turbulence inside the pre-existing transitional boundary layer and gradually lose his identification, whereas the latter keep growing in the laminar boundary layer. The calmed region is more clearly observed under the lower free-stream turbulence level and for the receding wakes. The calmed region delays the breakdown further downstream and stabilizes more the boundary layer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2136-2149
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• 1992

The natural convection from an inclined ice flat plate immersed in cold water near its density maximum is studied numerically. Finite difference analysis has been performed for the heat and momentum transfer with respect to various inclined angles and ambient water temperatures. The results of the analysis are presented for ambient water temperatures, 1.0deg. C. leq. T／sub .inf.／.leq. 15.0deg. C and the inclined anales from 0deg to 60deg. They include velocity profiles, temperature profiles, melting velocities, and mean Nusselt numbers for entire flow fields, Generally, in the range of 0deg. C .leq.theta. .leq. 60.deg. C, the results show three distinct flow regimes, In the range of 1.0 deg. C .leq. T／sub .inf.／ .leq. 4.6 .deg. C, the greatest mean Nuselt number exists about 3.0deg. C. In the range of 5.7deg. C .leq. T／sub .inf.／ .leq. 15.0deg. C, mean Nuselt number increases as ambient water temperature increases. Also, the mean Nuselt number decreases as the inclined angle increases. This theoretical results are compared with previous experimental ones and multiple steady state ones.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.786-798
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• 2001

This paper describes the phenomena of wake-induced transition of the boundary layers on a NACA0012 airfoil using measured phase-averaged data. Especially, the phase-averaged wall shear stresses are reasonably evaluated using the principle of Computational Preston Tube Method. Due to the passing wake, the turbulent patch is generated in the laminar boundary layer on the airfoil and the boundary layer becomes temporarily transitional. The patches propagate downstream with less speed than free-stream velocity and merge with each other at further down stream station, and the boundary layer becomes more transitional. The generation of turbulent patch at the leading edge of the airfoil mainly depends on velocity defects and turbulent intensity profiles of passing wakes. However, the growth and merging of turbulent patches depend on local streamwise pressure gradients as well as characteristics of turbulent patches. In this transition process, the present experimental data show very similar features to the previous numerical and experimental studies. It is confirmed that the two phase-averaged mean velocity dips appear in the outer region of transitional boundary layer for each passing cycle. Relatively high values of the phase-averaged turbulent fluctuations in the outer region indicate the possibility that breakdown occurs in the outer layer not near the wall.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2082-2089
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• 1992

An experimental study on forging an axi-symmetric dome type of AISI4130 was carried out using modeling material. In order to verify the validity of the experimental data, a similarity study between plasticine and AISI4130 has been made. Friction conditions were characterized by ring test for the various lubricants. For the closed-die forging experiments of an axi-symmetric dome type of AISI4130 using the plasticine, various cylindrical billets with different aspect ratios were forged and different flash width to thickness(W/T) ratios were used in order to determine the optimum forging conditions. As W/T ratios decrease forging loads decrease while excess volumes increase. It was found out that the experimental results reproduce the similiar results available in the literature. As a result of these experiments, it was construed physical modeling is an excellent tool for forging process simulation at a practical level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.391-399
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• 2017

This paper presents the effects of the cutting speed and feed rate on the axial shape of flat end-milled down cut side walls. Experiments were performed using the cutting speed, tool diameter, and feed per tooth as variables, and the thrust force and axial shape were measured as the experimental results. The results of this study confirmed that a smaller feed per tooth, which is proportional to the value obtained by dividing the feed rate by the cutting speed, results in a higher axial shape accuracy. In addition, the axial shape can be simplified to a form in which two straight lines having different slopes meet at a singular point. Therefore, it was concluded that the shape accuracy could easily be estimated during the operation and improved by adjusting the feed per tooth.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.1 s.61
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• pp.98-103
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• 2006

This paper analyzed deaths caused by fires using the Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics (based on vital registration) published by the Korea National Statistical Office. The number of fire deaths and the fire death rates of all deaths have started to decrease since the height in 1993. The younger groups have increasingly more fire deaths than the older groups. While children groups(age 10 and under) have decreased in their deaths caused by fires, the older groups (65 and over) tend to increase. Males are more likely to have a risk than females in all age groups. Fire death rates per 100,000 populations by age group suggest very high rates in the older groups. Although there are few changes in death rates caused by fires of all deaths, young children (age 4 and under) and older adults (age 75 and over) have a higher risk than any other age groups.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.108-118
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• 2011

In this study, strengths related with fire investigation of fire stations are analyzed and methods for the capacity building of their fire cause investigation are suggested. The methods for capacity building of fire cause investigation suggested are focused on using potential and strengths of current fire fighting and enhancing internal capacity rather than reinforcing investigation personnel, organization, and equipment and ensuring investigation power. The methods suggested in this study are as follows. 1) Because fire investigation results are the basis of fire administration, fire marshals should change their awareness of the need of fire investigation; 2) A fire investigation system should be established to ensure statements of people concerned systematically; 3) A substantial system of fire cause investigation should be established to investigate fire scenes more than twice; 4) A substantial system of fire cause investigation should be established to use such materials as CCTV; 5) Extinguishing should be made in consideration of fire cause investigation and a scene preservation system after extinguishing should be established; 6) A fire investigation system should be established in connection with 119 first-aid and rescue teams and 7) Steps to raise the morale of fire investigation staff should be taken.