• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2011

Basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust have been widely used to investigate emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity in many studies. On the contrary, surprise emotion, Suggested also as one of the basic emotions suggested by Ekman et al. (1983), has been least investigated. The purpose of this study was to provide a description of cardiovascular responses on surprise stimulus using electrocardiograph (ECG) and photoplethysmograph (PPG). ECG and PPG were recorded from 76 undergraduate students, as they were exposed to a visuo-acoustic surprise stimulus. Heart rate (HR), standard deviation of R-R interval (SD-RR), root mean square of successive R-R interval difference (RMSSD-RR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), finger blood volume pulse amplitude (FBVPA), and finger pulse transit time (FPTT) were calculated before and after the stimulus presentation. Results show significant increase in HR, SD-RR, and RMSSD-RR, decreased FBVPA, and shortened FPTT. Evidence suggests that surprise emotion can be characterized by vasoconstriction and accelerated heart rate, sympathetic activation, and increased heart rate variability, parasympathetic activation. These results can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling surprise-specific physiological responses, as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in human-computer interaction.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to preserve the corticospinal tract during surgery and assess more accurately the motor performance in brain tumor patients around the motor cortex. TceMEP is not entirely reliable, even though there has been no change in waveforms due to a mixture of false positive and false negative signals. For a more detailed examination, DCS was employed to selectively stimulate the motor cortex. In both cases, the indications could find the region to which the cortex was responsible, and constantly check and examine the changes in amplitude, thereby preserving the motor pathway and performing surgery. On the other hand, patients who did not implement the DCS but did implement the TceMEP experienced a decrease in their postoperative motor performance. DCS is a very useful examination and it is a method that can reduce the post-surgery disorder that may occur in patients with the TceMEP in brain tumor surgery.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

This paper is concerned with an experimental research to random vibration control caused by external loads specially in bridges which tend to be structurally flexible. Experimenting on a reduced structure modelled on Seohae Grand Bridge, we inflicted a reduced form of El-centro wave on the model structure to a proper proportion. On the center of its middle span, we placed a shear type MR damper which was to control its vibration and also acquire its structural responses such as displacement and acceleration at the same site. The experiments concerning controlling vibration were performed according to a variety of theories including un-control, passive on/off control, and Lyapunov stability theory. Its control performance was evaluated in terms of the peak absolute displacements, the peak absolute accelerations and the total power required to control the bridge which differ from each different experiment method. Among all the methods applied in this paper, case of Lyapunov control method turned out to be the most effective to reduces of displacement and acceleration. Also, this method could to decrease consuming of external power for vibration control. Finally, it was noteworthy that Lyapunov control method was specially effective in the vibration control employing a semi-active damper such MR damper.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2007

Digital communication is important for reliability and mobilization of the multi-channel communication systems. Transmitting and receiving data for the mobilization should be possible in anywhere and in anytime. And this system must be designed light weight small size and low power. One are essential technology for implementing the mobile wireless communication system on the age of ubiquotos. Requirements in constructing such communication field are followings. At first data transmitting and receiving should be carried out by a simple command. Second, the device should be designed as hand-hold type and low power consumption. Third, data communication should be reliable. As one of examples, car to car system which is popular in the market is introduced here, All traffic information in highway is transmitted from one car to another by using this system which can prevent possible traffic accident. This paper shows the design of a digital data communication system with CC1020 chip. This CC1020 makes easy frequency selection and easy switch from the transmit mode to the receive mode by simple setting of a memory register in the chip. The transmit power of this system is designed 10dBm and its communication range is about 100m. The power supplied this system is 3V considered as low power. The sleep mode can be easily entered during transmit mode or receive mode. We shows the program algorithm of CC1020 and interface circuit between MCU and CC1020. We shows the Photo of the CC1020 Module and Atmega128 Module.. We analysed the receiver rate with this system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1300-1310
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• 2003

In this paper, the performance of a multicarrier CDMA system using adaptive modulation and adaptive subchannel allocation scheme is analyzed in Rayleigh fading channel. The proposed adaptive modulator consists of modulation schemes using QPSK 16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM and constellations are pointed by Gray code. In addition, the threshold of the analysis is average E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ when the BER is 1 %. In the multicarrier system with adaptive subchannel allocation scheme, each DS waveform of user is transmitted over the K subchannels with the biggest fading among L subchannels. In case of the proposed system, total 4 subchannels are used and data are transmitted over 2 subchannels with the biggest fading, which results in the threshold of each channels is 5.2 dB, 9 dB, 13.2 dB and 8.4 dB, 12.2 dB, 16.3 dB. In the case of proposed system, the BER of 10$\^$-3/ is satisfied if average E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ is 8.1 dB. This is increased performance of 12.9 dB in comparison with conventional system. The BPS according to average channel is needed average E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ of about 15 dB in 7 bit. In the case of subchannel error, the BER of 10$\^$-3/ is 13.6 dB and is declined about 5.5 dB.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 2013

A current sensor is one of important component which is used for the electrical current measurement during charge and discharge of the battery, and monitoring system of the motor controller in the electric and hybrid vehicle. In this study, we have developed an open loop type current sensor using GaAs Hall sensor and magnetic core has an air gap. The Hall sensor detect magnetic field produced by the current to be measured. The 3 mm air gap core was made by HGO electrical steel sheets after slitting, winding, annealing, molding, and cutting. Developed current sensor shows 0.03 % linearity within DC current range from -400 A to +400 A. Operating temperature range was extended to the range of $-40{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ using temperature compensating electronic circuit. To Improve frequency bandwidth limit due to the air flux of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) and Hall sensor, We employed an air flux compensating loop near Hall sensor or on PCB. Frequency bandwidth of the sensor was 100 kHz when we applied sine wave current of $40A{\cdot}turn$ in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. For the dynamic response time measurement, 5 kHz square wave current of $40A{\cdot}turn$ was applied to the sensor. Response time was calculated time reach to 90 % of saturation value and smaller than $2{\mu}s$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.759-769
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• 2015

Diode rectifiers are very popular in industry. However, they include large low-order harmonics in the input current and do not satisfy harmonic current content restrictions. To reduce the harmonics to the power system, several methods have been introduced. It is heavy and expensive solution to use passive filters as the solution for high power application. Another solution for the harmonic filter is utilization of active filter, but it is too expensive solution. Diode rectifiers with configurations using switching device have been introduced, but they are very complicated. The combined 12-pulse diode rectifier with the square auxiliary voltage supply has been introduced. It has the advantages that auxiliary circuit is simple and inexpensive compared to other strategies. The advanced auxiliary voltage supply in this thesis is presented as a new solution. When the square auxiliary voltage supply applied, the improvement of THD is 6~60[%] in whole load range. But when the advanced auxiliary voltage supply applied, it shows stable and excellent reduction effect of THD as 57~71[%]. Especially, for the case with 10[%] load factor, reduction effect of THD has little effect as 6[%] in the case of inserting a square auxiliary voltage supply. But when the proposed new solution applied, reduction effect has excellent effect as 71[%]. Theoretical analysis of the combined 12-pulse diode rectifier with the advanced auxiliary voltage supply is presented and control methods of the auxiliary supply is proposed. The reduction in the input current harmonics is verified by simulation using software PSIM.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

The interpretation of observed waveform characteristics identified in refraction and wide-angle reflection data increases confidence in the crustal structure model obtained. When calculating traveltimes and raypaths, wavefront methods on a regular grid based on graph theory are robust even with complicated structures, but basically compute only first arrivals. In this paper, we develop new algorithms to compute traveltimes and raypaths not only for first arrivals, but also for fast and later reflection arrivals, later refraction arrivals, and converted waves between P and S, using the modified wavefront method based on slowness network nodes mapped on a multi-layer model. Using the new algorithm, we can interpret reflected arrivals, Pg-later arrivals, strong arrivals appearing behind Pn, triplicated Moho reflected arrivals (PmP) to obtain the shape of the Moho, and phases involving conversion between P and S. Using two models of an ocean-continent transition zone and an oceanic ridge or seamount, we show the usefulness of this algorithm, which is confirmed by synthetic seismograms using the 2D Finite Difference Method (2D-FDM). Characteristics of arrivals and raypaths of the two models differ from each other in that using only first-arrival traveltime data for crustal structure analysis involves risk of erroneous interpretation in the ocean-continent transition zone, or the region around a ridge or seamount.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

It was introduced a seismic mini-array that could monitor microseismicity efficiently and analyzed seismic data obtained from the mini-array that was operated from December 19, 2012 to January 9, 2013. The mini-array consisted of a six channel data logger, a central 3 components seismometer, and a tripartite array of vertical sensors centered around the 3 components seismometer as an equilateral triangle with about 100 m aperture. All seismometers that had the same instrument response were connected a 6 channel data logger, which was set to record seismograms at a sampling rate of 200 sps. During the three weeks of campaign, a total of 16 microearthquakes were detected. Using time differences of P wave arrivals from the vertical components, S-P time from 3 components seismometers, and back azimuth from the seismic array analysis, it was possible to locate the hypocenter of the microearthquake even with one seismic miniarray. The epicenters of two nearest microearthquakes were a quarry site located 1.3 km from the mini-array. The records of quarry blasting confirmed the our analysis.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.225-238
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• 2019

Migration velocity analysis (MVA) for creating optimum depth-domain velocities in seismic imaging was applied to marine long-offset multi-channel data, and the effectiveness of the MVA approach was demonstrated by the combinations of conventional data processing procedures. The time-domain images generated by conventional time-processing scheme has been considered to be sufficient so far for the seismic stratigraphic interpretation. However, when the purpose of the seismic imaging moves to the hydrocarbon exploration, especially in the geologic modeling of the oil and gas play or lead area, drilling prognosis, in-place hydrocarbon volume estimation, the seismic images should be converted into depth domain or depth processing should be applied in the processing phase. CMP-based velocity analysis, which is mainly based on several approximations in the data domain, inherently contains errors and thus has high uncertainties. On the other hand, the MVA provides efficient and somewhat real-scale (in depth) images even if there are no logging data available. In this study, marine long-offset multi-channel seismic data were optimally processed in time domain to establish the most qualified dataset for the usage of the iterative MVA. Then, the depth-domain velocity profile was updated several times and the final velocity-in-depth was used for generating depth images (CRP gather and stack) and compared with the images obtained from the velocity-in-time. From the results, we were able to confirm the depth-domain results are more reasonable than the time-domain results. The spurious local minima, which can be occurred during the implementation of full waveform inversion, can be reduced when the result of MVA is used as an initial velocity model.