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The Production, Distribution, and Utilization of Rice in Japan (일본의 쌀 생산, 유통 및 이용 현용)

  • Inouchi, Naoyoshi
    • Food preservation and processing industry
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2002
  • 일본은 기후적으로도 쌀의 생산에 적합하며 쌀은 일본의 주곡이다. 1893년 국립농업연구소가 설치된 이래로 쌀은 품질과 단보당 생산량이 꾸준히 개선되어와 116의 노동시간으로 생산량은 2.5배의 증가를 가져왔다. 이러한 진전은 재배방법의 개선, 비료, 농약, 재배기술, 기계화, 관개배수, 농지개량 등의 요인들로 볼 수 있다. 현재 일본에서 생산되고 있는 주요 쌀 품종으로는 코시히카리($35.5\%$), 히토메보레($9.7\%$), 히노히카리($9.0\%$), 아키다코마치($8.5\%$), 키라라($4.8\%$) 등 10여 품종이며 최근에는 형질전환 품종의 연구와 함께 생물공학적 연구 ,생리, 품질, 곤충과 잡초, 토양, 식품가공 등 기본적인 연구에 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 새로운 형태의 쌀 품종으로는 냉동조리쌀밥, 초밥, 레토르트룡 쌀 등 가공용으로 적합하도록 하기 위하여 아밀로오즈의 함량을 $5-15\%$로 낮춘 쌀이나 카레, 필라프, 튀김 쌀 등의 용도에 적합하도록 아밀로오스의 함량을 $30\%$이상으로 높인 쌀뿐만 아니라 곡립의 크기와 길이 등을 변형시킨 쌀, 유색미, 향미, 단백질 함량 조절 쌀, 거대 배아미, lipoxygenase 활성을 없앤 쌀, 단맛나는 쌀 등이 연구, 생산되고 있다. 일본에서의 쌀이용은 먼저 가공용 쌀을 들 수 있다. 밥, 청주, 스낵, 쌀가루, 미소발효 등 다양하게 이용이 되고 있으며 parboiled rice와 이의 색과 향을 개선한 converted rice, 현미를 이용한 가공쌀, 쌀빵, 현미가루, 세척미, 쌀국수, 쌀스낵, 당과, 죽, 쌀은 채소아 함께하는 타키코미고한, 초밥, 냉동쌀밥, 무균포장밥, 건조밥, 즉석밥 등 매우 다양하다.는 일, 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종, 기계화를 비롯한 경작기술의 발달, 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구, 특정기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용, 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.하는데 도움이 되리라 생각된다.=0.002)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 결론 : 본 기관에서 시행되어진 근침윤성 방광암에 대한 방광보존치료법은 기존의 근치적 방광절제술에 비하여 대등한 치료성적을 내는 동시에 $63\%$에서 장기보존이 가능하였다. 따라서 본 치료법이 방광암의 치료에 적극적으로 적용되어야 할 것으로 생각하며 향후 여러 기관이 참여하는 활발한 연구를 통해 한국인에게 가장 적절한 치료법을 개발해야 될 것으로 생각한다. B2+3, C1, C2+3군에서 수술달독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 골반종양제어율은 각각 $79\%$$75\%$ (p=0.88), $100\%$$100\%,\;44\%$$68\%$ (p=0.01)이었다. 전체 환자를 대상으로 다요인 분석을 시행한 결과 생존율과 무병생존율에 병기만이 유의하였고 두 치료 군에서도 역시 병기가 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 전체환자에서 골반종양제어율에 유의한 예후인자로 다요인분석을 시행한 결과 병기와 수술방법이 유의하였다. 수술단독군에서는 병기만이 유의하였고 방사선치료 추가군에서는 수술방법만이 유의하여 복부회음절제술군의 골반종양재발률이 높았다. 결론 : 본 후향적 연구에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료를 시행하여 수술단독군에 비해 병기 C2+3군에서 골반종양제어율이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 병기 B2이상의 모든 환자에서 골반종양제어율 뿐만 아니라 생존율의 향상을 가져오기

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Exploration of Preservation Hurdles in Korean Traditional Side Dishes (한국전통 밑반찬류에 사용된 보존 Hurdle의 발굴)

  • Chung Sun-Kyung;Lyu Eun-Soon;Lee Dong-Sun
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.259-268
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    • 2006
  • We investigated food preservation hurdles used for Korean traditional side dishes. As a first step of the research preparation and cooking recipes of the side dishes were surveyed, which are commonly used in Korean households. As next step, compositional and microbial quality attributes were measured onto the samples collected from the market. Antimicrobial ingredient added in the preparation are reasoned to work as important hurdles based on the scientific principles. Heating processes such as blanching, boiling, braising, hard-boiling and frying help to keep the produce decontamination or water activity adjustment. Measured salt contents of most side dishes were in the range of 1-5% with those of salt-preserved vegetables being higher. pH values were 4.7-6.4 with those of salt-preserved vegetables being lower and those of hard boiled fishes being higher. Soluble solids of braised or hard-boiled dishes were usually above $40^{\circ}Brix$, while those of blanched and seasoned vegetables had lower values. Water activity values were 0.93-0.95 for seasoned vegetables and 0.77-0.88 for hard-boiled or semi dried beans and seafoods. Product with processing steps of braising or blanching showed lower bacterial load of 102-104 cfu/g, while seasoned or salt-preserved vegetables and seafoods had aerobic bacterial count above 106 cfu/g. Korean traditional side dishes were found to apply the appropriate combinations of heating preparation process, water activity and pH adjustment and salting, providing the required preservation properties.

Selection of the Superior Potato Clones Based on Acrylamide Reduction for Cold Chipping (아크릴아마이드 저감화된 콜드칩 가공용 우수감자 계통 선발)

  • Jin, Cheng Wu;Hwang, Won Nam;Cho, Dong Ha;Kang, Wie Soo;Lim, Hak Tae
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.603-612
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    • 2012
  • In order to select potato clones for making cold chip, this study analyzed the glucose content, acrylamide content, and the correlation between the two properties after harvest, $4^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage, and $20^{\circ}C$ heating treatment of 47 breeding clones and control cultivars 'Atlantic', 'Sumi', and 'Gui Valley'. In all of the control cultivars and 47 clones, glucose content was below 0.25% and acrylamide content was below 1000 ppb just after harvest, but after $4^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage both the glucose content and acrylamide content increased rapidly and only 4 clones H7, H13, H16, and H40 showed a level below 500 ppb. In $8^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage as well both contents increased, but the increase was relatively smaller than that in $4^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage. In addition, $20^{\circ}C$ heating treatment decreased both contents. In the results of analyzing the correlation between glucose content and acrylamide content at low-temperature storage, a positive correlation was observed. In conclusion, clones H7, H13, H16, and H40 showing low glucose content even at low-temperature treatment were found to contain less acrylamide and therefore they were selected as potato clones suitable for making cold chip.

A Survey of the Adaptation and Preference for South Korean Food in North Korean Refugees (새터민들의 남한음식에 대한 수용과 선호도 조사)

  • Lee, Eun-Jung;Pei, Yong-Qin;Kim, Eun-Mi
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.93-110
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptation and preference for South Korean food among North Korean refugees. A survey was conducted on 220 North Korean refugees regarding general questions, adaptations, and preference on consuming dishes in South Korea. The results of the survey showed that the average difficulty degree scored with the adaptation to South Korean food was 3.06 points out of 5.00 points. The adaptation to Korean food was investigated as 'average' and some North Korean refugees had some difficulties in South Korean food. Some respondents described South Korean food as having very strong flavor that tastes more sweetened, seasoned, and spicy than North Korean food. The extended residency in South Korea allowed North Korean refugees to become more familiar with sweetened flavors. Most of them enjoy an oily and spicy taste more than South Koreans. North Korean refugees like Ssal bap, Naengmyeon, Doenjang-guk, Galbi-jjim, Bulgogi(beef, pork), Chaesobokkeum, Oi-saengchae, Chaeso-jeon, Baechu-kimchi, Saengsun-twigim, Soondae, pears, fruit juice, and spring water. North Korean refugees over the age of 30 years enjoy classic foods such as Japgokbap, Gimbap, Jumeokbap, Hwedeopbap, and Chobap. On the other hand, North Korean refugees less than 30 years old enjoy new foods like ramen and spaghetti.

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The Survey of Children's and Their Parent's Satisfaction for School Lunch Program in Elementary (초등학교급식 운영에 대한 학생과 학부모의 만족도 조사연구)

  • Kim, Eun-Mi;Jeong, Mi-Kyoung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.809-814
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    • 2006
  • The satisfaction of elementary school children and their parents with the school lunch program by foodservice system was assessed by questionnaire. The subjects Participated in this survey were 1,136 students, first-6th grade elementary school children and 1,140 parents in Seongnam area. The result was as follows: the satisfaction score for school lunch program by foodservice system was rated as 'high'. Students' and parents' satisfaction score were 3.63 point and 3.62 point (5-point Likert rating scale), respectively. Difference of satisfaction score by grades was that high grade students were significantly lower than low grade students' (P<0.001). Five grade students' score was 3.23 point and 2 grade students' score was 4.04 point. Children's favorite food types were meat, dessert, cooked rice and fried food. The least preferred food types were green and seasoned vegetable, kimchi, soup and fish. Students felt shortage of favorite foods and a lot of dislike foods. Parents answered that thorough sanitary management (22.5%) and use of good quality foodstuffs (11.5%) were the most important factors in improvement of the school lunch program.

Effect of Hot Pepper Seed Oil, Capsaicin, and Alpha-Tocopherol on Thermal Oxidative Stability in Lard and Soy Bean Oil (고추씨유, 캡사이신 및 토코페롤의 첨가가 돈지와 대두유의 산화안정성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chi-Ho;Han, Kyu-Ho;Kim, Ah-Young;Lee, Seul-Ki;Hong, Go-Eun;Pyun, Chang-Won;Choi, Kang-Duk;Yang, Cheul-Young
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.660-666
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    • 2008
  • This study was designed to compare the thermal oxidative stability of lard, soy bean oil, and hot pepper seed oil for 0-3 d at $100^{\circ}C$, and to evaluate the effect of capsaicin on thermal oxidative stability in lard and soy bean oil. As result, thermal oxidation stability was shown in the order hot pepper seed oil>soy bean oil>lard for 0-3 d at $100^{\circ}C$. In blended oils, hot pepper seed oil effectively inhibited lipid oxidation when mixed with lard than soy bean oil by showing the ratio of 30% pepper seed oil plus 70% lard and 60% pepper seed oil plus 40% soy bean oil inhibited lipid oxidation during storage periods. And to investigate the antioxidative effect of antioxidants such as capsaicin and alpha-tocopherol in hot pepper seed oil, 1,200 and 2,400 ppm capsaicin, or 0.3% alpha-tocopherol were added in soy bean oil and lard and stroed for 0-3 d at $100^{\circ}C$. Capsaicin inhibited lipid oxidation in lard but not in soy bean oil, however alpha-tocopherol exhibited a prooxidaton effect in soybean oil. Therefore, it suggests that the application of hot pepper seed oil or capsaicin in lard may be better for thermal oxidative stability.

A Segmentation Study of Temple Food for the Global Convergence - Focusing on Recognition and Preference - (글로벌 융복합을 위한 사찰음식 세분화 연구 - 인식과 선호도를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Yong-Dae
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.134-150
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the recognition and preference for temple food between Korea and foreign national temple-stay participants. In order to achieve the research purpose, 220 research questionnaires were distributed to Korean and foreigners who have participated in a temple-stay. T-test and ANOVA analyses were performed for this study. The findings are summarized as follows. The highest recognition item for Korean temple food that the subjects perceived was 'I think Korean temple food is a medicinal food.'(4.31 points). In the value recognition score for Korean temple food, Asians(4.58 points) are relatively higher than Korean (4.23 points), North American (4.13 points) and European (3.94 points) participants. Participants in Asia appeared relatively higher than the others in the preference score on Korean temple food. The higher globalization strategy items of Korean temple food that the subjects perceived were 'Korean temple food needs a storytelling marketing'(3.94 points) and 'Korean temple food needs a modernization of cookware'(3.90 points).

A Study on the Dietary Habit and the Health State of Male Teachers (서울 시내 남 교사의 식습관과 건강상태에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Sun;Cho, Shin-Ho;Lee, Hyo-Gee
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.6 no.3 s.12
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 1990
  • The subject of this study was to yield data of dietetic education which could help the male teachers to live a desirable dietary life by analying the degree of balance of the diet, the interests in health and the subjective symptoms in disease, and finding the problem in the present dietary habit and the health state. Rusults were as follows: 1. The most regular meal in a day lunch and the most irregular was dinner. The sixties had meals most regularly. 2. The amount of smoking had influence on respiratory system and hepatobiliary system while daily amount of coffee intake influenced cardiobascalar system, diabetes mellitus and joint system. The amounts and the frequencies of alchol intake had no differences. 3. The factors which had meaningful relations with dietary habit were as follows; Salted food and so on had influences on cardiobascular system, spicy food on general disease, lipid intake including fried food, jun, bokchum on joint system, instant food and so forth on respiratory system. Fruit and so forth had influences on diabetes, salted food on hepatobilitary system.

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Characteristics and Application of Soybean Hull Fractions Obtained by Microparticulation/Air-Classification (초미세분쇄/공기분급을 이용한 대두피 분획물의 특성과 응용)

  • Ku, Kyung-Hyung;Park, Dong-June;Kim, Seung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.506-513
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    • 1996
  • Soybean hull was microparticulated at cut-off wheel speed of 9,000 rpm and air-classified into fine and coarse fraction at air classifying wheel speeds (ACWS) of 10.000, 15,000 and 20,000 rpm. respectively. Proximate analysis of the coarse and fine fractions of the microparticulated/air-classified soybean hull showed that ash, protein and lipid were enriched in the coarse fractions and carbohydrates in the fine fraction. Dietary fiber were enriched in coarse fractions and dietary fiber and dietary fiber content increased with decreasing ACWS. Mean particle size of fine fractions ranged from $3.1{\mu}m\;to\;5.5{\mu}m$ that of coarse fractions ranged from $9.9{\mu}m\;to\;20.0{\mu}m$ and both increased with decreasing ACWS. The particles were mostly oval-shaped regardless of the fractions. Generally the fraction of low ACWS showed higher viscosity. In water holding capacity, oil absorption and emulsion capacity, there was significant difference between coarse and fine fractions while there was no significant difference as a function of different ACWS. Oil absorption of flying batter was decreased significantly in the fraction of ACWS 15,000. when cakes and cooking were prepared partially substituted with soybean hull fraction, there was no significant changes on their physical and sensory properties up to 10% substitution.

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Introduction process of 'Corn' and its interrelation with 'Chinese millet' and 'Indian millet' (옥수수(옥촉서(玉蜀黍))의 도입과정과 기장(태(泰)), 수수(촉서(蜀黍))와의 상관관계)

  • Kim, Jong-dug;Koh, Byung-hee;Song, Il-byung
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.163-180
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    • 1998
  • In 1492 year, the corn originated in America continent had spread all over the world after spreading into Europe by Columbus. Since the Corn had a similar shape with adlai's one (Yulmoo(율무)), it had been written by the different name of adlai (Yulmoo) at the "訓蒙字會(Hun-mong-ja-hoe)(1527)". Therefore we should consider "Hun-mong-ja-hoe" is the first record of the corn and it is a significant historic record in the civilization exchange between the Orient and the Occident that this record has the only difference of around 30 years later after the spreading corn to Europe. However, this is on the assumption that it is correct for a scholar of Korean literature to persist in that '叡山本' of "Hun-mong-ja-hoe" could be considered as the first edition. The corn had been once classified as a same kind of the Chinese millet because the people had been recognized the corn as a similar group of the Chinese millet and the Indian millet. The Chinese millet contains a summer vigor and becomes as an ingredient of alcoholic drink. And we can find out that $C_4$ type plant (such as corn, Chinese millet, Indian millet, foxtail millet) mostly have a tendency to belong to the food for "Taeumin(太陰人)", because of its high energy efficiency, a flourishing absorption of fertilizing and a strong emission power. The fried corn with a strong summer vigor and a raised feature has a good effect to the treatment of the teethridge disease. And the tea of corn with an warm feature, thanks to its functions of making the stomach and intestines comfortably as well as urination, is a proper food for the 'Taeumin" who is apt to overeat themselves.

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