• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2003

번식효율이 높은 우수한 후보종빈돈의 조기선발기술을 개발하기 위해 후보종빈돈의 첫발정일령과 첫수정일령에 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 시험에 공시된 후보종빈돈은 충남 천안시에 위치하고 있는 양돈장에서 자돈을 생산ㆍ육성하여 체중 80~90kg에서 선발하였고, 체중이 약 110kg 도달하였을 때 최종 선발하여 이용하였으며, 사양관리는 양돈장의 관행에 따라 실시하였다. 첫발정조사는 생후 22주령때 부터 매일 아침, 저녁으로 2회씩 외음부의 충혈과 부종상태를 관찰하고 승가허용 자세유지 등을 통하여 발정여부를 조사하였다. 교배는 첫발정발견 후 2차 발정이 발현되었을 때 실시하는 것을 원칙으로 하였다. 첫발정 및 첫수정시에 등지방측정기(Lean-meater; Renco, U.S.A.)를 이용하여 제 10늑골의 정중선으로부터 좌측 또는 우측으로 약 5cm 이격된 지점을 2회 측정하여 평균치로 하였다. 후보종빈돈의 품종별 첫발정일령과 첫수정일령은 랜드레이스종이 171.91일과 202.18일, 요크셔종은 178.56일과 208.39일, 랜드레이스종과 요크셔종의 F$_1$은 190.20일과 213.60일로 랜드레이스종이 첫발정일령과 첫수정일령이 가장 빨랐으나 품종간 첫수정일령에 대한 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 출생계절별 첫발정일령 및 첫수정일령은 봄에 출생한 후보종빈돈은 194.14일 및 222.05일, 여름에 출생한 후보종빈돈은 163.25일 및 193.00일, 가을에 출생한 후보종빈돈은 160.25일 및 199.20일, 겨울에 출생한 후보종빈돈은 159.72일 및 190.11일로 봄에 출생한 후보종빈돈의 첫발정일령 및 첫수정일령이 겨울, 가을, 여름에 출생한 후보종빈돈보다 유의적으로 늦게 나타났다(P〈0.01). 등지방두께가 13~16mm인 후보종빈돈의 첫발정일령 및 첫수정일령은 180.32일 및 211.12일, 17~20mm인 후보종빈돈은 172.24일 및 202.43일, 21~23mm인 후보종빈돈은 162.20일 및 195.43일로 등지방두께가 얇을수록 첫발정일령 및 첫수정일령이 지연되었으나 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1993

To find some involvement of environmental factors in autism, season of birth, birth order, and maternal age at birth of autistic children were investigated Total number of clinical outpatient autistic children was 357, which consisted of 319 male and 38 female, then male-to-female sex ratio was 8.4 to 1, and all subjects were born during $1986{\sim}1988.$ These data were compared with those of controlled general populations. The results were as follows : 1) In monthly and seasonal distributions of birth, autistic children were not different from normal control 2) Comparing with control group by Slater's and Greenwood-Yule's birth order calculation methods, there was no significant difference in birth order of autistic children 3) The maternal ages at birth in autistic group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<01) 4) High-risk pregnancies were significantly frequent in autistic group compared with control group(p<01)Our study supported the idea that at least some environmental factors, especially at-risk pregnancy, are involved in autism causation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

Ultrasound measures of back fat thickness (UBF), eye muscle area (UEMA) and marbling score (UMS) and carcass measures of carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA) and marbling score (MS) were available on 26,129 Hanwoo steers. Statistically significant differences by regions of the farms location and birth years-seasons for the steers taken ultrasound measures and their carcass measures (p<0.01) were found. Steers in Gyeonggi province showed the highest values in ultrasound measures and carcass traits except in BF compared to steers in the other provinces. Comparing between ultrasound and carcass measures, UBF was thicker in general than BF in all regions except in Daejeon city. UEMA was higher than EMA in all regions except in Gyeonggior in Jeju provinces. Especially, the difference in Jeonnam province between UEMA and EMA was $7cm^2$ while the differences between UMS and MS ranged from 0.9 to 2.26 depending on the regions of steers located. Steers born in spring showed greater ultrasound or carcass values than those born in autumn. However, carcass measures of steers born in autumn were greater than those born in spring, 2009 except MS. The pearson and residual correlations were 0.63 and 0.65 between UBF and BF, 0.31 and 0.32 between UEMA and EMA and 0.56 and 0.56 between UMS and MS, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1977

This study was conducted from 1974 to 1977 at Chedong Animal Farm in Che-Ju to determine the effect of sex of calves, birth year and season, breeds and crossing methods on the birth weight of cattle. A total of 1020 calves from Angus, Charolais, Hereford breeds and their crossbred were used for the study and least square methods was applied to analysis the data. Birth weight of male calves was 1kg heavier than that of female. Highly significant differences were obtained in the effects of birthyear on the birth weight, i.e. the cattle born in 1976 and 1977 was 0.9 and 0.2kg heavier in birth weight than those born in 1975. The cattle born in 1974, when the farm was established, was 1.7kg lighter than those in 1975. The calves born in the spring and the summer was 0.6 and 0.3kg heavier in birth weight than those born in the winter. The calves born in the fall was 0.9kg lighter than the calves born in the winter. In birth weight, Charolais breed were 0.4kg heavier than those from Hereford breed. Angus breed were 1.1kg lighter than Hereford. The crossbred between Charolais and Hereford breed were 1.5kg heavier than the Hereford. The birth weight of calves from Angus and Hereford crossbred and Angus and Charolais crossbred were 0.6 and 0.4kg lighter, than Hereford breed respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2003

Purpose : It has been suggested that the exposure to aeroallergens during early infancy after birth is important in the subsequent development of sensitization and allergic diseases. In Korea, the level of house dust mites as one of the important aeroallergens is known to be the highest in autumn. The aim of this study was to test whether the distribution of month of birth bears a relationship to the presence of mite sensitization in children with respiratory allergy. Methods : Skin prick tests and methacholine provocation tests were performed on 1,327 patients with chronic respiratory symptoms who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1995 to May 2002. An analysis of patients' month of birth distribution according to the presence of mite sensitization was performed. Results : Atopic subjects who had at least one positive skin test numbered 864(65.1%); and non-atopic subjects numbered 463(34.9%). Among atopic subjects, 787(59.3%) had positive skin tests to mites and 77(5.8%) had positive skin test only to minor allergens. A significantly greater than expected number of mite atopic subjects were born in the months between August and November(P=0.03), however, the birth month of non-atopic subjects didn't show a consistent seasonal preference. Asthma patients numbered 543(40.9%). Among these, atopic asthmatics numbered 421(77.5%) and non-atopic asthmatics, 122(22.5%). Dust-mite atopic asthmatics numbered 387(91.9%) out of 421 atopic asthmatics. Dust-mite atopic asthmatics were born significantly higher in the season lasting from August to November in comparison to non-atopic asthmatics(P=0.002). Conclusion : Month of birth seems to be related with sensitization to allergens. Our results show that August to November is the risk period for the development of mite sensitization in Korea.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

A total of 150,624 records of Holstein milk production collected from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed to investigate the effects of two different contemporary group definitions, parity and somatic cell score (SCS). The first definition (H BY S) of contemporary group was milking cows and heifers born in the same year and season. And the second thing (H CY S) was milking cow and heifers that delivered calves in the same year and season. Effects of contemporary group, parity and regression effect on SCS from two models were highly significant sources of variation. Coverage of variation ($R^2$) was somewhat higher in models with H BY S as contemporary group. From multivariate models with H BY S, phenotypic correlation coefficients of milk components were estimated high and positive. However, the phenotypic correlation coefficient between milk yield and SCS was -0.09, which was low enough to evidence no correlation between them. Phenotypic correlation between SCS and butter fat or between SCS and protein were also negligible but negative. From multivariate models with H CY S as contemporary group, phenotypic correlation among milk traits and SCS were similar to the estimates from models with H BY S. However, SCS in these models were lowly but negatively correlated with milk yield, milk protein, butter fat or SNF, and the phenotypic correlation coefficients of which were -0.10, -0.08, -0.08, -0.11, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 1999

A study was conducted to estimate the effects of parity of dam, sex, year and season of birth on gestation length and birth weight in Korean native and Yanbian yellow cows. A total of 1,206 reproduction records (587 Korean native cows, 619 Yanbian yellow cows) were collected from Daekwamyeong Branch Institute, National Livestock Research Institute in Korea and Yanbian region in China from 1995 to 1998. The least square means for gestation length and birth weight of Korean native cows and Yanbian yellow cows were 287.3$\pm$0.60 and 282.3$\pm$0.80 days, 24.9$\pm$0.25 and 25.2$\pm$0.24kg, respectively. Gestation length and birth weight were increased significantly as parity of dam progressed in Korean native cow(p＜0.01), but were not significant in Yanbian yellow cow. Birth weight of male calf was heavier than that of female calf in Korean native cow and Yanbian yellow cow(p＜0.01). Gestation length of Korean native cow born male calf was longer than that of Korean native cow born female calf(p＜0.01), but was not significant in Yanbian yellow cow. Effect of birth year on birth weight was significant in Korean native cow and Yanbian yellow cow(p＜0.01), but effect of birth year on gestation length was not significant. Birth weight of spring-born calf was the heaviest and that of fall-born calf was the smallest in Korean native cow and Yanbian yellow cow(p＜0.01).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting kid survivability in goats from birth to 90 days of age. The purebreds had lower survivability than the crossbreds, with significant (p$<$0.05) difference amongst themselves for the age of 31 to 90 days. The locational effect on survivability was insignificant for all the periods except 16 to 60 days (p$<$0.05) of age. The sex and birth type also had significant (p$<$0.05) effect on survivability for all the periods except 0 to 7 days of age. The survivability was found to be significantly (p$<$0.05) higher for kids born in summer season followed by those born in winter and rainy season. Milk produced by the does were significantly (p$<$0.05) affected on the survivability of kids during the period from 16 to 60 days of age. The survivability of kids were highest and lowest having milk yield of doe found to be 400-600 g/day and 80-200 g/day, respectively. Birth weight had significant (p$<$0.05) effect on survivability for all the stages of growth up to 90 days of age. Survivability was positively correlated with does’ milk yield as well as kids birth weight. Interactions of sex with location or birth type were significant (p$<$0.01 and p$<$0.05, respectively) though interaction between sex and genetic group was insignificant.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.711-724
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• 2003

Some growth curve models were used to fit individual growth of 1,083 Hanwoo cows born from 1970 to 2001 in Daekwanryeong branch, National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI). The effects of year-season of birth and age of dam were analyzed. In analysis of variance for growth curve parameters, the effects of birth year-season were significant for mature weight(A), growth ratio(b) and maturing rate(k)(P〈.01). The effects of age of dam were significant for growth ratio(b) but not significant for mature weight(A) and maturing rate(k). The linear term of the covariate of age at the final weights was significant for the A(P〈.01) and k(P〈.01) of Gompertz model, von Bertalanffy model and Logistic model. For the growth curve parameters fitted on individual data using Gompertz model, von Bertalanffy model and Logistic model, resulting the linear contrasts(fall-spring), Least square means of A in three nonlinear models were higher cows born at fall and A of Logistic model was significant(P〈.05) between the seasons. According to the results of the least square means of growth curve parameters by age of dam, least square means of mature weight(A) in Gompertz model was largest in 6 year and smallest estimating for 3 and 8 years of age of dam. The growth ratio(b) was largest in 2 year of age of dam and smallest estimating in 8 year. The A and k were not different by age of dam(p〉.05), On the other hand, the b was different by age of dam(p〈.01). The estimate of A in von Bertalanffy model was largest in 6 year and smallest in 8 and 9 years of age of dam. The b was largest in 2 year and tend to decline as age of dam increased. The A and k were not different by age of dam(p〉.05), On the other hand, the b was highly significant by age of dam(p〈.01).