• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to survey the seroprevalence of canine coronavirus(CCV) in healthy adult dogs and to determine whether there was any relationship between seroprevalence and the host parameters. Serum samples for determination of serum neutralization antibody titers against CCV were obtained from 812 healthy adult dogs over 1 year old brought to veterinary clinics for routine health care visit in 4 provinces from January 2003 to April 2004. Of the 812 dogs, 714(87.9%) had positive antibody titers(more than 1:4) against CCV. The prevalence of positive CCV antibody titers were not significantly associated with age, sex, rearing province and environment, and vaccination status. However, the positive CCV antibody titers were increasing with the age. These serological findings have shown that prevalence of positive CCV antibody titers in Korean dogs were a relatively high and that CCV infection was widespread in Korean dog population. These suggest that it may be as important to protect dogs against infection with CCV as it is to vaccinate against canine parvovirus.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2021

Vaccination for swine food and mouth disease (FMD) has been using needle injection. Needle injection can cause lesions of injection site on muscle and lymph node, leading to consumer's complain and Korea Pork's image deterioration. Needle-free injections have been developing to solve this issues. The current study performed to evaluate the frequency of muscle and lymph node lesions after vaccination using needle-free injection. Needle-free injection significantly decreased the lesions on the injection site compared with the needle injection(36 vs. 16%, p < 0.05). Based on the result, needle-free injection can enhance the quality of pork and decrease consumer's complains. Further study should perform to validate potential of needle-free injection by investigating antibody formation rate, work efficiency, and economic cost.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

This study investigated the synergistic effect of single inoculation and co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Burkholderia metallica JH-7 and Burkholderia contaminans JH-15. Phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring phosphorus content in culture media that were singly inoculated or co-inoculated with these strains for 7 days. B. metallica JH-7 was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($140.80{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. contaminans JH-15 ($135.95{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ) and co-inoculation of two strains ($134.84{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were observed in the medium inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone compared with that in the medium co-inoculated with both the strains. Results of a plant growth promotion bioassay showed 17.4% and 7.48% higher leaf and root growth, respectively, in romaine lettuce inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone than in romaine lettuce inoculated with a control strain. However, no significant difference was observed between single inoculation and co-inoculation of these strains with respect to phosphorus release and plant growth. Although the results of the present study did not show the synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by the PSB strains examined, these results indicate that treatment with PSB exerts a beneficial effect on crop growth.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

Objective: As per the requirement of Korean Food and Drug Administration, this post-marketing surveillance was conducted in Korea to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of Poliorix$^{TM}$ following its introduction in 2006. Methods: In this open, multicenter study, the vaccine was administered as per the current practice of Korean doctors and in reference to the guidebook by the Korean Pediatric Society and as indicated in the Korean label which was as follows - for primary vaccination three doses were given to infants at ages 2, 4 and 6 months whereas, for the booster dose a single dose was given to children aged 4-6 years. Safety data during this six year surveillance was collected using diary cards which were distributed to the parents to record adverse events. Results: A total of 639 subjects were enrolled into the study. Of these, 617 subjects and 22 subjects received the vaccine as a primary and booster dose, respectively. At least one unsolicited symptom was reported in 11.4% (73/639) of the subjects during the 7-day follow-up period; upper respiratory tract infection (2.5%;16/639) was the most frequently reported unsolicited symptom. One subject reported at least one unsolicited symptom (gastroenteritis) of grade 3 intensity within the 31-day post-vaccination period. Approximately 1.7% (11/639) of subjects reported 13 serious adverse events (SAEs). All SAEs were resolved by the end of the study. Conclusion: In Korea, primary and booster vaccination with Poliorix$^{TM}$ was well-tolerated in healthy subjects when administered according to the prescribing information as part of routine clinical practice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1197-1203
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• 2015

Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) JOL389 and χ3339 are strong virulent strains against mouse. ST χ8554 is derived by deletion of the asd gene from ST χ3339. Plasmid pMMP184 carrying a ghost cassette was transformed into ST χ8554, and ST χ8554 ghost cells were prepared and administrated via the oral route to BALB/c mice. Change in the amount of total IgG was not elicited to boosting of single ST χ8554 ghost cells, but the content was increased from 6 weeks after the 3^rd administration. However, when the ST JOL389 ghost cells is administered together with ST χ8554 ghost cells, the content of total IgG was increased in 2 weeks post primary administration. It was found that the content of total IgG of the group mixed with ST JOL389 ghost cells showed an increased value of 8 times or more at 10 weeks when compared with the group of ST χ8554 ghost cells. The content of IgG1, IgG2a, and sIgA in both groups increased from 4 weeks postprimary administration. As a challenge test of virulent ST χ3339, χ8554 (pMMP184) and χ8554 (pMMP184)/JOL389 ghost cell groups showed protection of 50% or more when compared to the control group. These results suggest that the preparation of combined ghost cells from a strong virulent ST increases immunity more than a single strain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2011

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes a number of extraintestinal diseases in poultry. A virulence factor, P-fimbriae is firmly associated with the diseases. In this study, to develop an effective vaccine for the prevention of APEC, recombinant attenuatted Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines expressing PapA and PapG of P-fimbriae were evaluated whether these induced protective immune responses in murine models. Female BALB/c mice were primed and boosted orally at 7 and 10 weeks of age. In all immunized mice, the antigen-specific serum IgG levels were remained higher than those in the control mice from the fourth week post inoculation till the end of this study. In addition, antigen-specific serum IgG levels in the prime-booster immunized mice were enhanced as compared to the single immunized mice among each immunized group. The antigen-specific mucosal IgA levels in the mice immunized with each strain also induced higher than those in control mice. In addition, serum IgG and fecal IgA levels in mice administered with the combination of both strains were highly induced compared to those in mice immunized with each strain alone. These results indicated that PapA and PapG worked together for inducing high immune responses. To partly discern the nature of immunity induced by the strains, we quantified serum IgG subtypes IgG1 and IgG2a specific to antigens. The PapA and PapG strains biased the immunity to the Th1-type, as determined by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. On the other hand, the immunization with the both strains in combination produced mixed Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. These indicated that immunization with the combination of PapA and PapG could elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immunities.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

The object of this study was to evaluate the change of antibody titers on virus strains after inoculation with commercial killed equine influenza (EI) vaccines in horses. Serum antibodies of 20 Thoroughbred yearlings were detected using hemagglutination inhibition test for 41 weeks. Second vaccination is inoculated 4 weeks after the initial vaccination. Most of antibody titers were not increased until 4 weeks after first vaccination. The highest titers were detected 6-10 weeks after vaccination. The titers were decreased slowly and maintained for 16 weeks after inoculation. We could barely detect the antibody 41 weeks after vaccination in most cases. Vaccine anergia were appeared in 3 horses (15%) but it depended on virus strains. A/Equine/La Plata/93(H3N8) strain that induce high and durable antibody responses was the most effective among three strains. This study presents the first comprehensive data on the endurance of antibody titers against EI. Our data also suggests that yearlings should be inoculated three times in order to maintaining optimal antibody titers against EI. We speculate the causes of anergia were vaccine break down or individual specificity. Further research is needed to investigate immunological unresponsiveness. This was the first study on strain of equine vaccine in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.647-654
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was done to evaluate the parents' or guardians' compliance of obtaining individual informed consent before vaccination and the possible problems of using informed consent. Methods : One hundred and twelve children were randomly selected among 2,820 children who visited Samsung Cheil Hospital during July 2002. A questionnaire about using informed consent of vaccination was given to all parents or guardians of these children. Results : Most of the responders were mothers(80.4%). As for the places of vaccination, 87(77.7%) persons vaccinated their children at general hospitals. In response to a request for informed consent of vaccination, 73(65.2%) complied well with requests every time. In subscribing to informed consent, 62(55.4%) were pleased, 40(35.7%) stated it was necessary despite in inconveniance. Because of dislike of subscribing to informed consent(55), 33(60%) persons stated that it was difficult to subscribe to informed consent during the inconveniant time of nursing baby. Eighty(71.4%) found it useful to read informed consent for an understanding of potential negative reactions. Being informed of potential negative reactions, 105(93.8%) stated that they would vaccinate their children despite of the potential of a worrisome negative reaction. In dealing with negative reaction, 77(68.8%) said that they would contact a hospital, 32(28.6%) said that they would care for their children at home. Eleven(9.8 %) experienced negative reactions after vaccination. Conclusion : Compliance of parents to informed consent was relatively good. Parents or guardians should receive relevant information and the aim of informed consent also should be adequately understood.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2004

The diseased ginseng plants, their trunks fall down anil roots rot, were observed in ginseng cultivation field at Bongwha, Kyungbuk. Inoculation of the bacterium isolated from root rot lesion induced a range of symptoms on leaves, trunks and roots; The bacterium caused wilting with chlorosis and black discoloration on leaves, empty of inside trunks and rot on roots. The bacterium was identified as Serritia liquefaciens based on the morphologcal and physiological characteristics. This is the first report in Korea on roots rot of ginseng occurred by S. liquefaciens.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 1999

This study was attempted to develop technique of masking the pungent odor of chonggugjang using two-stage fermentation method with mixed pure cultures. Cooked soybeans were fermented with Lactobacilli or Aspergillus oryzae at $38^{\circ}C$ for 36 hrs, and then re-fermented with Bacillus subtilis for 12 hrs. The volatile compounds of chonggugjang were obtained with a SDE(Simultaneous steam Distillation and solvent Extraction) system and the extracts were identified by GC and GC-MS. The experimental results revealed the presence of 35 volatile compounds in control chonggugjang(only Bacillus subtilis inoculation). Among them, the major volatile compounds were 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazine and 2-methyl pyrazine. Twenty-nine kinds of volatile compounds were in chonggugjang prepared by two-stage fermentation method with Lactobacilli and Bacillus subtilis(II), and major volatile compounds were identified to be 2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazine and 2,5-dimethyl Pyrazine. In chonggugjang(Asp. oryzae and then Bacillus subtilis inoculation(III)), the contents of hexadecanoic acid and 2-methyl pyrazine were patricularly high and the main components of chonggugjang fermented with rice straw(IV) were 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazine etc. In conclusion, the flavor compounds such as 2, 5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazine and 2-methyl pyrazine were increased by the inoculation of Lactobacilli or Asp. oryzae, where as unpleasant odor components-butyric acid and valeric acid were decreased. Compared with volatile compounds of chonggugjang made from different soybean cultivars, the flavor compounds (2-methyl pyrazine 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine 2,6-dimethyl pyrazine 2,3-dimethyl pyrazine 2-acetyl pyrazine 2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazine 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine) of chonggugiang prepared with Sinpaldalkong were high.