• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2006

Purpose : Hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects, and early detection and intervention positively impact language/speech and cognitive development. It has been reported that NICU graduates have a high incidence of hearing loss. So we investigated the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of hearing loss in NICU graduates. Methods : This study involved neonatal auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing of newborn infants who graduated from the NICU of Kyungpook National University Hospital during a 3-year period (between July 2002 and June 2005) and subsequent follow-up of these infants. Results : ABR evaluations were performed on 474 infants. Of these infants, 64 showed abnormal ABR (13.5 percent). Of 128 ears from these 64 infants, two ears (1.6 percent) and 10 ears (7.8 percent) were classified as severe and profound hearing loss, respectively. The infants with abnormal ABR had higher incidence of prematurity, low birth weight, very low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, cranio-facial malformation and amikacin treatment over 15 days (P<0.05). In infants with hyperbilirubinemia, the peak level of serum bilirubin, duration of phototherapy and exchange transfusion were not associated with the higher incidence of hearing loss. Follow-up ABR evaluation was performed on 15 infants with abnormal ABR at $8.8{\pm}4.4months$. In follow-up ABR, 80.0% showed improvement or normalization of threshold sensitivity. Conclusion : NICU graduates exhibit high risk for hearing loss. Systemic and effective hearing assessment program is needed for these high risk infants.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.353-357
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• 2005

Declining auditory performance with advanced age is a well known and common problem that is becoming more Prevalent due to the increasing number of elderly people in our society. We introduce a novel ARCISM (Audiogram Result Computer Input. Save & Management software) data management program which enables the assessment of the risk of past history of hearing impairment on the basis of known risk factors. This study investigates the reference levels of pure tone hearing threshold of normal aging in Korean and the difference between fenders. The subjects were carefully selected by questionnaire and absence of any history of otologic infection, noise exposure. and ototoxic drug among 1603 subjects. who visited Health Promotion Center in Daegu Fatima Hospital for one year. The results show (1) hearing sensitivity declines with age. (2) higher frequency shows steeper slope of hearing declines than lower frequency. and (3) there were more hearing loss at 4 and 8 kHz in men than in women. Due to the ARCISM program. it was possible to manage huge data of hearing results and to obtain the reference level of a9e-related hearing declines. Furthermore, we expect that the results of this study can be the fundamental data for hearing rehabilitation for the elderly and for developing suitable hearing aids for Korean.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2014

A 4-year-old, intact female Border Collie was presented for evaluation of hearing impairment. Clinical, neurological, otoscopic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations were carried out to determine the cause of hearing loss, but no remarkable change was found. Then, brainstem auditory-evoked response test was performed to assess hearing loss, and the dog had a bilateral sensorineural deafness was revealed. Since possible causes of acquired hearing loss were ruled out by several examinations and history taking, bilateral later-onset deafness was suspected to be genetic and not congenital. This report suggested the possibility that dogs had inherited later-onset sensorineural deafness.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.86.2-86
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• 1976

Authors have performed the audiological analysis in accordance with age, sex, site, duration, cause, ear drums, curve pattern, and hearing level taken from 165 patients (Male; 101, Female; 64) with non-perforated ear drums who had complained hearing impairment. The results are as follows. 1. The audiographic pattern has classified into Normal (30 cases, 18.18%), Flat form (46 cases, 20.6%), Ascending form (5 cases, 3%), Mountain form (9 cases, 5.4%), Basin form (7 cases, 4.2%), Total deaf (24 cases, 14.55%) and Others (10 cases, 6%). 2. In age distribution, the highest is in 3rd decade (50 cases, 30.3%), and the next is in 2nd (43 cases, 26%), 4th (27 cases, 16.3%) in order. 3. Male (101 cases) is more than female (64 cases) giving ratio of 1.9 : 1 4. Bilateral involvement is in 58 cases and unilateral is in 77 5. 45 cases (27.3%) in duration of hearing loss is as short as 3 months and the next is overs; 28 cases (16.9%) 6 to 10 years; 21 cases (12. 7%). And in cases of total deaf, nearly all cases is over 10 years. 6. The suspected cause of the hearing loss is unknown (99 cases, 60%) and the next is following head trauma by traffic accidents in 31 cases (18.8 %) and is related to the middle ear diseased in 12. cases (7.3%). Other causes like senile, noise etc. are in few. 7. The most common findings in ear drums is normal in 177 ears (79.4%) and the next is retracted drums in 28 ears (12.6%). 8. The average hearing level is widely distributed from mild to profound hearing loss which was not related to the audigraphic pattern.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.39.1-39
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• 1981

The author presents clinical study for 111 cases of tinnitus with pure tone audiometry from Jan. 1, 1978 to Dec. 31, 1980 in department of otolaryngology, Ewha Womans University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1) Male to Female ratio was as 1 : 1, and peak age incidence was in the age group of 21 to 30. 2) Most frequent duration was 1 month to 1 year in the cases of the tinnitus. 3) The patient who complained tinnitus only was 10.0% and the patient who complained tinnitus with hearing impairment was 72.0% in the cases of tinnitus. 4) The affected site in the tinnitus, in order of frequency were; Both ear 38.7% Left ear 32.4% Right ear 28.9% 5) The drum finding, in order frequency were; Normal 48.0% Retraction 33.1% Perforation 8.4% 6) The degree of hearing loss in the audiometry were; Normal 29.2% Moderate severe 22.7% 7) The shape of hearing impairments were; High tone loss 46.9% Flat 33.0% Low tone loss 11.9% 8) The occurrence of $C_{5}$ dip was 11.0% in cases of the tinnitus. 9) The classification of hearing loss were; Sensorineural hearing loss 46.9% Mixed hearing loss 33.1 % Conductive hearing loss 20.1%

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

Noise is unwanted sound that is the reason of the stress and hearing loss. The current study attempted to estimate whether the noise of dental laboratory affected stress and pure tone audiometry (PTA) of dental laboratory technicians (DLTs) using heart rate variability, air and bone conduction audiometry. The age, heights, and weights of DLTs were resembled control. Standard deviation of normal to normal interval such as stress resistance and normalized HF of DLTs were significantly decreased, but heart rates, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio of DLTs were significantly increased compared with control. In air conduction audiometry of DLTs, significant increments of thresholds encountered in 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in the right ears and 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in the left ears. Thresholds of bone conduction audiometry in both ears were significantly increased in 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The findings in this study provide that stress and hearing loss observed in noise-exposed DLTs at dental laboratory. Therefore, proper safety precautions should be carried out at dental laboratory.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.120-123
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• 2007

Congenital and perinatal CMV infection is the most common congenital/perinatal viral infection. Only 5 to 10% of affected patients has symptoms, and outcomes are highly vari-able. Gastrointestinal involvement is not usually a manifestation of congenital and perinatal CMV infection. We describe an infant with vomiting and poor weight gain caused by eso-phagitis attributed to perinatally acquired CMV infection.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of DADS on the noise induced hearing loss Methods : Twenty healthy guinea pigs (DADS pretreated group and control) were exposed to 100dB a collected environmental noise for 9 hours. An auditory evoked brainstem response (ABR) threshold was measured before and after a noise exposure. For morphological study, cochlea was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results : The DADS pretreated group showed statistically significant less changes in ABR threshold and SEM findings compared the control group. Conclusion : From these results suggest that the DADS from garlic may have a protective effect in noise induced hearing loss.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1135-1138
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• 2003

KID syndrome was named after the initials of the major three symptoms of the disease; keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness. The syndrome was first introduced by Dr. Burns in 1915 who described one of his patients with those symptoms. In 1981, Dr. Skinner and his colleagues reported 17 patients who had keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness. They also called the disease KID syndrome for the first time. After that, there have been only 60 cases of KID syndrome reported. KID syndrome may be presented with neurosensory deafness, vascularizing keratitis and such skin disorders as ichthyosis, ichthyosiform skin eruptions, and alopecia. Also, those with KID syndrome may suffer from repetitive infections, dental affections, hypohidrosis, growth delay and hepatic and renal abnormalities. The authors report the first case of KID syndrome in Korea with some references. The patient presented with keratitis, neurosensory deafness, and such characteristic skin disorders as ichthyosis and hyperkeratosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1056-1060
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• 2006

Purpose : As hearing ability affects language and cognitive development, early detection and intervention of congenital hearing defects is very important. We analyzed the result of newborn hearing screening using automated auditory brainstem response and estimated the incidence of congenital hearing defects in newborn infants in Korea. Methods : Hearing screening tests were done on 7,218 newborn infants who were delivered at Cheil General Hospital from July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005. The first screening test was done on the second day of life with automated auditory brainstem response(AABR) using $ALGO{\bigcirc}^{(3)}$ Newborn hearing screener($Natus^{(R)}$ Medical Incorporated, San Carlos, USA) with 35 dB sound level. The newborn infants who did not pass the initial screening test took the second screening AABR test before discharge from the nursery. Infants who did not pass these screenings at the nursery were followed up at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Samsung Seoul Hospital. Results : Total 7,218 infants(83.3 percent of total 8,664 live births of the Cheil General Hospital) were screened in the nursery, and 55 of them failed to pass the newborn screening. Among 55 infants who were referred, six were lost during follow-up, and 14 were confirmed as hearing impaired. Six of them(42.8 percent) do not have any risk factors for hearing impairment. We can estimate that the incidence of hearing defects is about 1.9-2.8 per 1,000 live births. Conclusion : Automated auditory brainstem response is an effective tool to screen the hearing of newborn infants. Congenital hearing loss is more frequent than metabolic diseases on which screening tests are available in the newborn period. About 40 percent of infants who have hearing defects do not have any risk factors for hearing impairment. Therefore, universal newborn hearing screening must be recommended to all neonates.