• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.416-427
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• 1994

성숙한 한국산 집고양이(Felis domesticn)의 정자변태 과정을 알아보기 위하여 정소 및 부정소의 조직을 채취하여 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1 세포 구조의 차이에 따라 한국산 집고양이의 정자변태과정을 출지, 두모. 첨체. 성숙 그리고 이탈단계로 구분하였는데. 즉 골지, 첨체 및 이탈단계를 각각 전 ·후기로, 두모단계는 전 ·중 ·후기로 성숙단계는 1단계로 하여 전체를 10기로 나눌 수 있었다. 2 정자의 꼬리는 두모중기부터 형성하기 시작한다. 3 염색질 과립은 골지단계에서 응축되기 시작하여 정체후기에서 구형의 형태로 진행되고 성숙단계에서 소멸된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

Normal and abnormal morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa in the big white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura were studied with the light and electron microscopy. Normal spematozoa were observed with a few abnormal spermatozoa. This indicates that abnormal morphology is no absolute indicator of infertility. However, the existence of the abnormal spermatozoa is related to infertility. Especially abnormal morphology of the sperm head is definitely associated with infertility. The following types of abnormal head morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa in the wild healthy adults of the C. lasiura were described: 1) Nucleus with lack of condensation of the nucleoplasm 2) Destructed acrosome 3) Folded acrosome and plasma membrane 4) Separation of the acrosome from the nucleus 5) Acrosome with irregular condensation 6) Wrongly located granules of the apical body.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to estimate modification of semen quality during storage. Liquid boar semen samples extended in Beltsville Thawing Solution were stored at $17^{\circ}C$ up to 5 days. While % motility and linearity significantly decreased eon day 3 in extender, the qualitative motility patterns were maintained satisfactorily. Also the storage of boar semen up to 5 days before insemination did not significantly changed the acrosome intactness. However, acrosome changed sperm significantly increased and capacitated sperm significantly decreased from day 4. No significant modifications in acrosome integrity were showed during sperm storage; these results suggest that liquid boar semen may keep the quality in extender for 3 days.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2001

To investigate the spermiogenesis of the Saghalien Pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus gracillimus), the testis obtained from mature male shrew was studied by electron microscopy, and the following results obtained based on the morphological characteristics of cell differentiation of the seminiferous epithelium in the testis. According to the fine structural differentiation, spermiogenesis of S. minutus gracillimks was divided into Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases. Beside, the Golgi and cap phases were subdivided into three steps of early, middle and late phase respectively, and acrosome phase into two steps of early and late phase , and maturation and spermiation phases has only one step respectively. Thus, the spermiogenesis of S. minutus gracillimus was divided into a total of ten steps. The chromatin granules begin to be condensed in the acrosome phase, and a perfect nucleus of sperm was formed at the spermiation phase. Mancette were appeared from the late acrosome phase to the maturation phase. The formation of sperm tail began to develop in the late Golgi phase, and completed at the spermiation phase. Multivesicular bodies were appeared from the Golgi phase to the maturation phase, recognized with pale, pale and moderate, and dense at Golgi, cap and acrosomal and matulation phases respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.514-522
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• 1995

In order to examine the interaction of albumin with the sperm during capacitation in mouse, proteins of cauda epididymal sperm were extracted under various conditions and analyzed with SDS-PAGE. Sperm surface labeling patterms were also examined using fluorochroin~conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Albumin was detached from the sperm surface during the incubation and seemed to be constituted the major protein components of the conditioned media in which sperm incubated for 90 mm. Detachment of albumin from the sperm was not affected by the Ca2+ in the medium. WGA-FITC labeling confirmed that Triton X-100 permeabilired plasma membrane overlaying the apical segment of sperm head and detached plasma membrane associated proteins having negatively charged glycoconjugates. BSA-FITC labeling of epididymal sperm occurred on the apical segment of periacrosoinal region and postacrosomal region of the head. BSA-FITC labeling was not observed in periacrosoinal region of the sperm treated with Ca2+-ionophore ~3187 (10 MM)~ whereas the postacrosome region of acrosome-reacted sperm was still labeled after the AR. These results suggest that albumin bound to the surface of epididymal sperm is detached during the capacitation process, and it might be involved In physiological change of sperm plasma membrane accompanying the capacitation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1996

본 연구는 돼지 액상정액을 인공수정용 100ml 플라스틱 병에 보존하면서 BF5희석액과 Butschwiler 희석액 간에 보존 온도별 차이를 조사하고, BF5 희석액에서의 글리세롤 농도의 효과를 조사하여 돼지 액상정액을 좀더 장기간 사용할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 실시하였다. 돼지 액상정액을 5$^{\circ}C$ 냉장고에 보존하면서 조사한 바에 의하면, 37$^{\circ}C$에서 0.5 및 2시간 배양후의 정자운동성은 전체 보존기간동안 BF5 희석액이 Butschwiler 희석액보다 유의하게 (P<0.05) 높게 나타났고, 정상첨체비율은 두 희석액간에 차이가 없었다. 돼지 액상정액을 15$^{\circ}C$에 보존하면서 조사한 바에 의하면, 3일부터 7일 보존시 까지 정자운동성과 정상첨체비율에 있어서 Butschwiler 희석액이 BF5 희석액보다 유의하데 높게 나타났다. BF5 희석액을 이용한 돼지 액상정액의 글리세롤 농도의 효과에 있어서는 최종 글리세롤 농도가 0, 2, 3, 및 5% 보다 1%일 때 가장 높은 정자운동성과 정상첨체비율을 나타내었다. 분만율, 복당 생존자돈수 그리고 출생시 평균 생시체중은 BF5 희석애과 Butschwiler 희석액간에 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 BF5 희석액을 5$^{\circ}C$에서 Butschwiler 희석액은 15$^{\circ}C$에서 6-7일 동안 돼지 액상정액을 보존할 수 있었다.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2007

The spermiogenesis of Crocidura shantungensis were studied by electron microscope. All process of spermiogenesis was divided into 11 phases 15 steps, based on the morphological features of the nucleus and cell organelles in cytoplasm of spermatids. The spermatids in Golgi and cap phases were a spherical shape. On the other hand, at the early acrosomal phase they changed into an oval shape, and the tail was created in this phase. In maturation phase, the shapes of spermatid head were thin and longish. Until step 7 the direction of spermatids head turned toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. From step 8 to step 15 their heads turned toward the basal lamina. In step 12, the nucleus and acrosome shown maximal elongation. From Step 13 the nucleus of spermatids became flat, simultaneously with flat expansion of the acrosome expanded, and the visible whole lengths of spermatids were tend to be shorten. Spermatid heading which arrived to step 14 was taken the final shape. The nucleus was doing the wedge shape, and the nuclear chromatins condensed completely and homogenized. In the spermiation phase, the spermatids were gradually disconnected from the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cell. In this phase, the acrosome of the spermatids were fully shorten and flat, and the spermatozoa completed the process of heading and the tailing. Considering all the results, the spermiogenesis may be useful information to analyze the differentiation of spermatogenic cells.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

This study describes the spermatogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus using light and electron microscopy. The spiny top shells were collected by divers in the coastal water of Wandogun, Cheollanamdo, Korea(N $34^{\circ}13'$, E $126^{\circ}47'$) at May 2003. Spiny top shells of $60.0{\sim}69.9\;mm$ in shell height were used in this study. The testis comprises many spermatogenic follicles which contains germ cells in different developmental stages. The primary spermatocytes in the pachytene stage were characterized by synaptonemal complexes. The early spermatids were characterized by appearance of Golgi complex, increased karyoplasmic electron density and tubular mitochondria. In early spermatid the mass of proacrosomal granules consists of numerous heterogeneous granules with high electron density. From the mid-stage of spermiogenesis the well-developed mitochondria aggregate posterior to the nucleus, and surround the proximal and distal centrioles. In this stage, proacrosomal granules are condensed and form a acrosome with thin envelope. During the late spermiogenesis, the acrosome begins to elongate and then became conical. The sperm consists of head, mid-piece and tail. The head comprises a round nucleus and a conical acrosome. Acrosomal rod of microfibrous is observed between nucleus and acrosome. Five mitochondria observed in mid-piece. And tail has the typical "9+2" microtubular system originates from the centrioles.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2007

Spermiogenesis in Japanese white-toothed shrew. Crocidura dsinezumi was investigated by transmission electron microscope. Spermiogenesis was divided into 12 phases 14 steps, based on the morphological features of the nucleus and change of organelles in cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatids in Golgi (step $1{\sim}2$) phase were spherical; however, they were changed into oval in the cap (step $3{\sim}6$) phase. Flagellum appeared in the middle of acrosomal phase; on the other hand, slender and long spermatid head was formed in maturation phase. The head of spermatids faced the lumen in step 1 to step 6 (from Golgi to cap phase), but, in step 7 to step 14 (from acrosomal to spermiation phase), it turned its head to the basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium. The nucleus and acrosome were elongated maximally in step 10. The condensation of chromatin started in late acrosomal (step 10) phase, and it was completely finished and homogenized in the middle of maturation (step 12) phase. Multivesicular body appeared near the acrosomal vacuole during the middle cap (step 5) phase, and a large number of them were observed near the Golgi apparatus in the late cap (step 6) phase. Considering all the results, the spermiogenesis might be useful information to analyse the differentiation of spermatogenic fells.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1994

본 연구는 종모우의 선발방법으로 난포란을 이용하여 실험실내 정자의 수정능력을 직접 검정하여 평가코자 시도되었다. 즉 본 실험은 후대검정중에 있는 한우 후보종모우 15두의 동결융해정자의 수정능력을 평가하기 위하여 정액을 고장액(HIS)에 처리한 후 DM에서 6시간 그리고 소 난포액이 20% 첨가된 DM에서 4시간 전배양하여 수정능을 획득시켜 정자의 활력과 첨체 반응율을 조사하였고 전배양된 정자의 체내(토끼 난관) 또는 체외수정능력을 조사하기 위하여 FCS 15%, 발정암소혈정(CSS) 10%가 첨가된 mKRB에서 체외성숙된 한우난포란과 수정시켜 수정능력을 평가하였으며 인공수정에 의한 개체별 수태율과도 비교 검토한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 한우 난포란의 체외성숙율은 BSA 첨가구 에서 43.8%, FCS 15% 첨가구에서 67.4%, CSS10% 첨가구에서 69.9%이었다. 2. 토끼 난관에서 체외수정율은 BSA 참가구에서 43.8%, FCS 15% 참가구 41.2% 및 CSS 10% 참가구 35.0% 이었다. 3. 후보종무우 15두의 정액을 HIS-DM으로 처리후 6시간 전배양하였을 때 정자의 활력지수는 9-32%였고 첨체반응율은 19-44% 이었으며 20% 난포액을 첨가하여 4시간 전배양 하였을 때 정자의 활력지수는 9-13% 이었고 첨체반응율은 20-43%로 개체간에 차이가 있었다. 4. 체외수정율은 6.6-85.7%였으며, 발정암소혈청(CSS) 10%가 첨가된 mKRB에서 성숙시킨 난포란이 FCS 15% 첨가된 mKRB에서 성숙시킨 난포란보다 다소 높았으나, 정자수정능획득방법간에는 차이가 없었 다. 5. 체외수정율에 있어서 전배양후 정자활력지수와는 부의 상관이 었으며, 첨체반응율과는 낮은 정의 상 관을 나타냈다. 6. 종모우의 수태율은 체외수정율, 정자활력지수 및 첨체반응율과 낮은 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 7. 종모우의 개체간 수태율 우열순위에서는 수정율순위와의 사이에 더욱 낮은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 8. 이상의 연구결과 비록 후대정검중의 제한된 자료로 인하여 종모우 수태율과 체외수정율간에 유의적 인 상관관계는 없었으나, 연결 한우 수정율 평가에 대한 실험실내의 검정가능성을 찾을 수 있었다.