• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.7-35
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• 2010

Jang Hyungang(張顯光, 1554~1570) was one of the very famous Neo-Confucianists of T'oegye School in the Chosun dynasty. Jang, nevertheless, refused to accept Toegye's theory and had developed his own theory called li-qi-gyeong-wi-seol(理氣經緯說). So the theory was very unique in the history of Korean Neo-Confucianism. He matained that Tao(道), meaning the universal process which all beings including the human must follow, is accomplished by the unity of li(理, principle) and qi(ch'i, 氣, material force). He compared li and qi to warp(經) and woof(緯). According to his explanation, Tao is fulfilled by combining li and qi, as a textile is woven the combination of warps and woofs. He could, for I know, succeed to emphasize the unity of li and qii through this theory. Lots of Scholars in the Chosun dynasty criticized Jang's theory of li and qi for regarding li and qi as one, and thought that the theory originated from Luo Ch'inshun(羅欽順, 1465~1547), a famous Neo-Confucianist of in Early Ming China. Luo Ch'inshun maintained li-qi metaphysical monism that li and qi is united entity. In this respect, it seems that Jang's theory is similar to Luo's. However, I think that there are very important differences between the two. It is true that the main characteristics of Jang's theory is the unified relations between li and qi in this world. In the system of his philosophy, nevertheless, the topological position of li and qi are different in grade each other. Jang insisted that li is a supreme being to be materialized and realized through the movement of qi'in the process of universal development. Qi is accordingly only a kind of matter which completes li. In this sense, Jang's theory can be regarded as li metaphysical monism that li is the only substance. It means that Jang Hyeongwang's theory is a great contrast to Luo Ch'inshun's li-qi metaphysical monism.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-145
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• 2018

The main subjects of this study is to study the qualification and in-service education policies of the child care center staff and to suggest a desirable direction of policy. The main subjects of this study are child care staff policies and related laws. The results of this study shows that the philosophy, developmental psychology and some social backgrounds are the stantards required when designating the child care curriculum and essential subjects for attaining class 2 childcare teacher certificates. This study arises the needs of adjustment of the fields of the childcare curriculum contents, change between mandatory and elective subjects, and renewal of the subject title. The standards for competency in provision of childcare services of National Competency Standard(NCS) has to be considered in the adjustment process. The integrated teacher's certificate for teachers training system is needed in the reserve integration process. The systematization of the data and operating system is needed to manage the target of education efficiently, in order to develop childcare center staff's strengthening ability and professionalism. For in-service education, the diversification of the main body of operation, a periodical monitoring of the content, administrative and financial support are needed. Voluntary participation of in-service education, and the childcare center staffs professional development policy making supported by the government and parents is needed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.299-325
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• 2018

Humans have made a third person over a long history and differentiated them from each other. Discrimination of 'us' and 'them' has led Derrida to make works to look upon the human nature towards animal strangers. This study tries to examine upon the expansion of animal strangers by focusing on 'The Animal That Therefore I am.' Furthermore, the research asserts to pay more attention to animal strangers by looking at his works of how modern people think about animals in the current society. Derrida expresses his 'humiliation' that he felt when he faced his cat after a shower. This emotion brings up the topic that was neglected in the conventional wisdom and casts doubts on this. This emotion of humuliation is only felt by humans, and he explains this is one way of feeling like a 'human.' The researcher therefore focuses on the 'experiences of humans' and looks at the ambivalence of humans in culture and the irony in natural animals. This perspective criticizes Speciesism, which considers people other than oneself able to be suffered. This view also tried to escape anthro-pocentrism and looked at the animals on their own. This study examines current animal strangers with theories of Donna Haraway and Jane Goodal, and analyzes Derrida's artworks with Susan Sontag's philosophy. This aims to lead to a conclusion of how to reach an optimal relationship between human and animal. By focusing on Derrida, who has not been highlighted yet in this country, hopes to create effective communication between human and animal by explaining his artworks through new philosophy of animals.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.157-181
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• 2018

The aim of this essay is to identify elements of methodologies to investigate the development of Newtonian dynamics. This methodology involves the transformation and synthesis of preceding theories. My essay attempts to confirm my assertion by analyzing historical case of Newton's discovery of his dynamics. While discovering his mechanistic theory, Newton reconstructed theoretical concepts and structures of intellectual predecessors, such as Aristotle, Descartes, Galileo, and Kepler. Newton's synthesis was possible only after carefully reconstructing the appropriate and useful ideas of previous natural philosophers' ideas. As a result, Newtonian dynamics are completed with these modified and integrated concepts incorporated into Newton's law of motion and space-time concepts. This study consists of two parts. First, Lakatos' research program has been applied in order to analyze the structure of Newtonian dynamics. Second, the aforementioned methodologies of discovery are distilled from the case study.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.7-31
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• 2010

This paper seeks to illuminate the intellectual context of Giljae, who had carried out a unique life during the late Koryŏ and early Chosun period and left quite a significant imprint on the Chosun intellectual history. In the midst of the tumultuous political changes in the late Koryŏ, Giljae worried the fate of the declining Koryŏ dynasty after contemplating on the directions that Yi Sŏnggye had taken after the Wihwado Retreat and made it very clear that he would rather honor the integrity of Baekyi·Sukje(伯夷叔齊). The traces that Giljae had left in this period obtained its significance not just as a loyal integrity of a subject but as a paragon of life that lived up to the principles of the Confucius truth. To decline a prestigious position in the service of a king when it was offered is not just to buy the honor of integrity. It is an endeavor to live one's life right as to how one entered the world and retreated from it in accordance with the Confucius teachings. That many kings and scholars in the Chosun period placed Giljae highly in the intellectual history of Korean Confucianism in remembering his integrity is none other than the recognition of this fact.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

세계 경제가 고도성장에 따른 산업구조의 변화를 갖게 되었고, 의학기술의 발달로 건강한 고령자의 증가가 나타나는 사회 현상이 나타나게 되었다. 우리나라 역시 65세 이상의 건강한 고령인구의 증가 추세와 고령화 사회로의 진입이 현실화 되고 있다. 또 급속한 핵가족화 등으로 인하여 가족 내의 노인부양 기능이 약화되고 있으며, 건강한 노인 단독세대가 급증함에 따라 해당 관련 복지의 구체적인 정책 실천방향에 대한 요구와 신체적, 사회 심리적 특성에 따른 힐링 환경의 개발요구가 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인류 건강증진 개념 및 고찰을 통해 힐링 환경의 공간특성을 도출하고, 이를 통하여 보다 질적으로 향상된 건강한 주거환경을 제시하고자 하는데 그 의미가 있다. 본 논문에 있어서의 공간에 의한 인류 건강증진은 1. 건강과 질병은 하나의 스펙트럼 상에 놓여 있으며, 한편은 최상의 건강 상태이며 다른 한편은 질병에 의한 사망이라는 개념에 의미를 둔다. 2. 병, 의학 전문가 관점에서 건강을 증진시키는 과정에 중심을 두고 있는 새로운 치료적 환경에 대한 혁신적인 패러다임을 주지하는 입장에서, 안녕(healing)을 양성하는 공간 특성을 도출 개념이다. 3. 환경변화에 적응하는 역동적 건강개념에 그 근거를 두고, "건강은 단순히 무 질병의 개념이 아니라 신체적, 정신적, 문화적 에다가 영적으로 완전한 안녕 상태"라는 개념을 적용한다. 4. 특히, 병, 의학 전문가 관점으로 인해 간과되었던 대상자의 공간으로부터 얻게 되는 심리적, 사회적, 정신적 요구들을 반영하는 안녕(healing) 개념의 힐링 철학의 개념을 갖는다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.38
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• pp.275-302
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Chu Hsi's theory of Ge Wu by analyzing the $L{\ddot{u}}$ shi daxuexie (呂氏大學解) in the Critique of Adulterated Learning (雜學辨). Critique of Adulterated Learning was written by Chu Hsi(朱熹) for the purpose of criticizing the confucian scholars who inclined to Taoism and Buddhism. Chu Hsi criticized $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi, especially focusing on his understandings based on the Buddhist tendency. $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung considered Ge Wu Zhi Zhi as the processes of emerging Liang Zhi of the Subject to discipline by investigating the Li of things. He said "Regard an awakening as the standard of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi", as he payed more attention to the mind of the Subject rather than a long process of accumulation of Li. In comparison with him, Chu Hsi considered enormous each step to accumulate Li as more important to reach the completions of knowledge. Especially, while grasping Li, he considered they should have an understandings of things from the routines to the origins of the principles - that is from the principles of things to the reasons of things are. Chu Hsi approached to the Ge Wu in the meaning of political theory in his early days. However, Chu Hsi expands the width of his thought with a theoretical tool of 'Li-i fen-shu (理一分殊)' in the course of criticizing $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung's theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi. In that sense, His criticism of $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory was not only the process of struggling against Buddhist philosophies, but also the process of deepening of his philosophy.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.57
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• pp.91-125
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• 2018

This study aims at attempting to make a new interpretation of Mencius from the point of social welfare. The thoughts of social welfare, found from Mencius, are temporal and humanistic and near to those in nowadays. Social welfare began under the name of philanthropic work, relief work, charitable work or social work from the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century on. Welfare means the whole social activities such as satisfying the fundamental desires of the social members, ensuring the conditions of their lives, and ultimately achieving social integration and stability. It means the conditions of their lives and wellbeing. Wellbeing means the minimal physical desires and psychological stability. The realization of the economic system through concept of steady livelihood and steady mind, tax system and well-field system, proposed by Mencius, can be ensured by the whole social activities such as ensuring the stable lives of the social members, enriching and satisfying their happiness and ultimately achieving social integration and stability. The thoughts of Mencius include people-as-root idea, which regards people as most important and tries to solve the instability and inequality that are the structural vulnerabilities in modern capitalist society. His concept of Way of the king means promoting people's sense of happiness through education of morality, based upon the people-as-root idea and filial and fraternal responsibilities. The main ideas of social welfare include living like a human being, ensuring minimal physical and psychological stabilities through social welfare system and welfare policy, enriching human dignity and freedom and enhancing the quality of lives. The thoughts of Mencius include all the above ideas. In particular, he desired to establish ethically and morally stable society by economically implementing the well-field system in Zhou dynasty, based upon politically benevolent governance of the politicians. That society was the people-as-root society, the realization of which was the ideal society Mencius desired to establish, and the goal of his thoughts on social welfare. This study, among the thoughts of Mencius, investigated his ideas on social welfare and the practical ethics for applying them to real society. In addition, to understand his ideas on social welfare, not only the social and economic backgrounds and conditions but also the political ideas at that time were also investigated. This will provide the opportunity to make more in-depth research of the elements of social welfare intrinsically contained in his thoughts.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2012

소프트웨어 기반의 시스템 설계과정에서 설계자가 고려해야 하는 요소들이 다양해지면서 시스템 설계가 점점 어려워지고 있다. 다양한 설계 요소들이 존재하지만 사용자의 특성 및 직무, 사용가능한 정보기술의 특성 등이 핵심적인 요소로 간주된다. 또한 정보기술이 발달하면서 인간과 시스템의 상호작용이 점점 인지적인 특징을 지니게 되었다. 따라서 사용성 높고, 효율적이면서 안전한 소프트웨어 기반의 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 시스템 설계자가 사용자의 인지적인 요구사항 및 그들의 직무를 시스템 설계과정에서 체계적으로 다룰 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 소프트웨어 공학, 시스템 공학 및 인간-컴퓨터 상호작용 등에서의 전통적인 시스템 설계 방법은 이러한 설계자의 설계활동을 효과적으로 지원하는데 한계가 있었다. 그 대안으로 인지시스템공학(cognitive systems engineering; CSE)은 인간중심의 설계철학을 바탕으로 소프트웨어 기반의 복잡한 시스템 설계과정에서 설계자의 활동을 체계적으로 도와줄 수 있는 유용한 개념과 방법을 제공해주고 있다. CSE는 원래 사람이 실시간으로 감시 및 제어해야 하는 복잡한 사회기술적 시스템(예: 원자력발전소 및 공항관제소)의 분석, 설계 및 평가를 위해 태동한 학문이다. 그러나 CSE에서 제공하는 이론적 및 방법론적 프레임워크는 소프트웨어 기반의 시스템을 설계하는 데에도 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 충분한 가능성을 갖고 있다. 이 논문은 CSE의 근간을 이루는 핵심 개념 및 원칙을 고찰하고 소프트웨어 기반 시스템 설계에의 활용가능성 및 그 방안을 논의한다.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.51
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• pp.167-190
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• 2019

Copyright law has functioned to certify the authorship and artistic identity of an artist as well as to remunerate the artist's labor in monetary terms. However, the legal stability of copyright law may be questioned and even challenged because it shares the ground with unfixed notions of the concept of art. This study is an attempt to find theoretical argument where such instability of copyright law stems from, by looking into the theories of Aesthetics and history of arts. The first argument builds up on the ambiguity of discriminating between the Aesthetic concept of expression and idea. The second argument illuminates how new conventions of creating art work and emerging ideals of making art prevents to accommodate copyright law in the fields of art. New art forms such as conceptual art and place specific art are such examples. Increasing role of public arts projects also questions the conventional adoptions of copyright law. Arts management is closely related with this phenomena since their job is to administer the complex situation of introducing artists to the knowledge of copyright law.