• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2022

One of the most noteworthy topics in recent corporate management is ESG(Environmental, Social, Governance). Although there are many companies that have declared ESG management, KT has declared full-fledged ESG management in 2021 and is sharing its sustainable management strategy with stakeholders. In addition, KT is strengthening ESG management by issuing ESG bonds for the first time in the domestic ICT industry. At a time when the information technology industry became more important due to COVID-19, this study attempted to examine KT's ESG management goals and strategies by dividing them into environmental, social, and governance areas. KT was aiming to achieve environmental integrity through 'environmental management', 'green competence', 'energy resources', and 'eco-friendly projects' in the environmental field. In addition, in the social field, genuine creating social value was pursued through 'social contribution', 'co-growth', and 'human rights management'. Finally, in the governance area, it was aiming for a transparent corporate management system to pursue economic reliability through 'ethics and compliance' and 'risk management'. In particular, KT was promoting its own ESG management by promoting strategies to solve environmental and social problems using AI and BigData technologies based on the characteristics of a digital platform company. This study aims to derive implications for ESG strategy establishment and ESG management development direction through KT's ESG management case in relation to ESG management, which has emerged as a hot topic.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable tool that can classify and measure detailed indicators related to the performance of ESG implementation in the country and verify their applicability. Based on World Bank's data as input data, 67 types of ESG-related detailed indicators measured in a total of 239 countries were tested to derive an optimal model that could group detailed indicators into three categories: environment, society, and governance. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that a total of 10 detailed indicators had a statistically significant relationship with the country's ESG performance. In addition, the detailed indicators showed a positive correlation with the primary latent variables E, S, and G, and showed a high overall index in the suitability of the model to secure the validity and reliability of variable input. As a result, this study confirmed that several detailed performance indicators constituting ESG can be classified as latent variables, and it can be said that clear criteria for the selection method and input validity of variables were presented.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2023

In a situation where the necessity and importance of ESG management is increasing recently, it is judged that selecting important ESG-related variables for container terminals, which are the bases of export and import logistics, among various variables of ESG evaluation agencies will help to establish ESG management strategies for container terminals which led us to proceed with this study. The results of word network analysis are summarized as follows. The weighed degree, that is, the AWD of Environmental management(E) variables, is obtained in the order of Environmental Protection Investment(54), Environmental Awareness Education(45), Work Team Structure(31), Environmental certification(32). Page Ranks, the order of centrality and connectivity index is Environmental Awareness Education(0.0765), Employee Engagement(0.0765), Environmental Protection Investment(0.0761), Work Team Composition(0.0761), and Environmental certification(0.0761). The AWD(Average Weighed Degree) of the Social Responsibility Management(S) variables, followed by Protecting workers' human rights and contributing to local communities(68), Safety Education(63), Safety certification(59), and Responding to infectious diseases(40). Orders by Page Ranks, centrality and connectivity Index, are Protecting workers' human rights and contributing to local communities(0.165), Safety Education(0.153), Safety Certification(0.144) and Responding to infectious diseases(0.102). The AWD of Governance and Ethical management(G) variables, followed by Anti-corruption(27), Transparent management(24), Mutual cooperation between stakeholders(19), and Sustainability reporting(9). Page Ranks, the order of centrality and connectivity index is the Anti Corruption(0.241), Transparent management(0.216), Mutual cooperation between stakeholders(0.174), Directors' roles and responsibilities(0.105), Shareholder protection(0.097) and Sustainability Report(0.096).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2143-2147
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• 2009

최근 전 세계적 이상기후로 인한 가뭄 또는 집중호우에 따른 하천의 건천화 및 홍수범람은 국가의 인명 및 재산에 상당한 피해를 야기 시키고 있으며 이로 인한 하천환경의 급격한 변화는 생태파괴의 주된 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서 제방의 안정성을 확보하며 유로를 제어할 뿐만 아니라 퇴적 및 세굴 등에 의한 하상고의 변화를 최적화할 수 있는 기법이 요구되는 실정이다. 이와 같은 제방과 하도의 안정성 확보를 위한 구조적 대책으로 수제가 많이 알려져 있으나 국내에서는 제한적인 연구와 극히 소수의 수제설치가 시도되었을 뿐 실용화를 위한 요소기술 개발이 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내외의 수제 실내실험 및 설치사례조사를 통하여 각 국의 친환경적 하천관리 방안에 관한 수제설치 형태 및 기법을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내의 연구 및 설치사례조사는 물론 유럽, 미주 및 아시아의 수제 실내실험 및 설치사례조사와 수제설치에 따른 수리학적 변화양상 및 설계가이드라인에 관한 자료를 검토하였다. 사례분석을 통해 축적된 자료를 통하여 수제 설치에 따른 개선효과 및 수제의 형태·기법에 따른 수리학적 영향을 검토하였으며 향후 국내 하천별 특성에 적합한 수제형태를 검토하였다. 이상의 검토과정을 통해 수제의 지배 인자를 도출함으로써 각 인자의 영향을 정량화 할 수 있는 지속가능한 수제설계 요소기술 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 1998

본 연구는 미국 오레곤주의 수산업 특성을 개괄적으로 살펴본 것이다. 먼저, 오레곤의 상업적 수산업을 역사적으로 살펴보면 2가지 주요한 계기가 있음을 알 수 있다. 첫째는 자급자족 차원에서의 연어생산을 수출품으로 변화시킨 연어통조림 생산기술의 발전이고, 둘째는 현대식 트롤어업이 도입된 점이다. 오레곤에서 주로 사용되는 어구ㆍ어법은 트롤, 채낚기, 연승, 통발, 형망 등이며, 생산어종은 연어, 게, 새우, 참치, 대구 등이다. 1995년 오레곤은 약 2억 4천 파운드의 수산물을 생산하여 미국 연안주중에서 6위를 차지하고 있고, 생산금액에서는 12위를 기록하였다. 한편, 양식업은 아직 성행하지 않아 그 생산품종 및 생산량은 미미한 실정이다. 그 주된 이유 중의 하나는 양식시설을 하기 위해서는 여러 관계기관의 허가를 필요로 하는 등 행정상의 절차가 복잡하기 때문이다. 오레곤의 수산자원관리는 우리나라에 비해 암계의 어획금지, 통발 등 정치어구ㆍ어법에 대한 인망일수의 제한, 조개류의 판매가능시간의 제한 등 몇가지 특징을 들 수 있다. 오레곤의 수산업관리제도(연안으로부터 3마일 이내)를 살펴보면, 아직 TAG제도를 도입하지 않고 있으며 생산요소역입제한방식이 채택되고 있다. 즉, 상업적으로 허용된 어종을 어획하려는 어업자는 등록절차를 필히 거쳐야 어업행위를 할 수 있으며, 등록수를 제한할 필요가 있는 특정한 어업(연어, 새우, 가리비 등)에 대해서는 행정관청으로부터 허가를 얻고 어업행위를 해야 한다. 즉, 허가어업은 등록어업보다 더욱 제한적인 어업행위를 말하며, 허가권에 대해서는 자유로운 매매양도가 허용되어 있다. 수산물의 마케팅시스템에 대해서는 우리나라에 지배적인 형태인 경매제도가 도입되어 있지 않다. 즉, 모든 수산물은 개인적인 거래계약에 의해서 유통된다. 다만 마케팅경로에 참여하고 있는 모든 구성원은 일정한 등록절차를 마쳐야 하며, 주내에서 거래되는 수산물의 일관된 통제나 관리를 위해 관계기관에 거래량을 필히 신고해야 한다. 우리나라의 중도매인은 주로 생산지의 수협(또는 내륙지 도매법인)과 도매상의 사이에 존재하나 오레곤의 중도매인은 마케팅경로 어디에든 존재하고 있다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-116
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• 1996

우리나라 제조업(製造業)의 수직적(垂直的) 구조(構造)는 선진공업국에 비하여 소(小) 영세기업(零細企業)의 비중이 월등히 높은 피라미드형의 형태를 보이며 80년대말 이후 소기업군의 확대는 더욱 두드러지고 있다. 이처럼 소기업의 비중이 높아진 것은 제조업체들이 가격경쟁력(價格競爭力)을 높이기 위하여 생산비용이 높게 드는 자체생산(自體生産)을 가능한 한 줄이고 임금(賃金)이 낮은 중소기업으로 생산공정을 이양해 왔기 때문이다. 소기업 비중이 높은 분업구조는 가격경쟁력이 중시되어 생산을 분업화해야 하는 경제체제에서는 높은 효율성(效率性)을 발휘한다고 평가할 수 있다. 90년대에 이르러 중소기업이 저가(低價)의 생산요소(生産要素)를 조달받기 어려운 경제여건이 조성되면서 중소기업의 경영불안이 높아지는 등 가격경쟁력을 유지하기 위한 생산분업체제(生産分業體制)는 한계(限界)에 도달한 것으로 보인다. 따라서 대기업과 중소기업간 분업도 기술(技術) 중심의 분업관계(分業關係)로 전환되어야 할 단계에 이르렀다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 종전과 같이 소기업(小企業)에 의존하는 분업구조(分業構造)로는 기술분업(技術分業)이 정착되기 어렵다. 왜냐하면 연구개발, 전문인력의 고용 등 기술개발과 관련된 기업활동에는 생산량에 관계없이 고정비용(固定費用)이 들어서 기술개발 비용과 위험을 분산시키려면 기업의 생산규모가 상당히 커져야 하기 때문이다. 이는 소기업 중심의 분업구조가 중견기업(中堅企業)중심의 구조로 개편(改編)되어야 함을 의미한다. 중견기업이 육성되려면 첫째, 대기업과 직거래하는 중소업체(中小業體)의 수(數)가 축소되어야 한다. 거래업체수의 과다는 기업규모를 영세하게 만드는 가장 직접적 요인이기 때문이다. 그러나 거래업체의 정리과정에서 기존업체들이 중소기업 보호여론을 등에 업고 반발할 수 있고, 대기업이 교섭력을 강화하기 위한 수단으로 악용할 수 있으므로 객관적이고 투명한 정리기준의 제시가 전제되어야 한다. 둘째, 대기업의 중소기업에 대한 대폭적 자본참여(資本參與)가 허용되어야 한다. 대기업의 자본참여는 중소기업 지배를 강화할 것으로 우려되어 현재는 극히 부분적으로 허용하고 있으나, 개방경제하에서는 대기업과 국내 중소기업간의 협력관계를 유지시키는 효과적 수단으로 작용하게 될 것이다. 셋째, 은행 등 금융자본(金融資本)의 중견기업에 대한 투자(投資) 활성화(活性化)가 필요하다. 금융자율화로 금융기관의 수익성이 강조되는 상태에서 금융자본이 거래업체의 주주(株主)로서 참여하면 경영정보를 손쉽게 파악할 수 있어 우량업체의 신속한 육성이 가능해질 수 있다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.612-621
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• 2008

Due to the various constraints such as feasible size of data payload and low transmission power, no technical specifications on the voice communication are included in the Zigbee standard. In this paper, a voice coding technique for application to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which is the basis of Zigbee communication, is presented. Here, both high compression and good waveform recovery are essential. To meet those requirements, a multi-stage discrete wavelet transform (DWT) block and a binary coding block consisting of two different pulse-code modulations are exploited. Theoretical analysis and simulation results in an indoor wireless channel show that the voice coder with 2-stage DWT is most appropriate from the viewpoint of compression and waveform recovery. When the line-of-sight component is dominant, the voice coding scheme has good recovery capability even in the moderate signal-to-noise power ratios. Hence, it is considered that the presented scheme will be a technical reference for the future recommendation of voice communication exploiting Zigbee.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2003

In an accidental release of radioactive materials to the environment the contaminative influence of animal products due to the inhalation of air and the ingestion of soil of livestock, both of which are dealt with as minor contaminative pathways in most radioecological models but may not be neglected, was investigated with the improvement of the Korean dynamic food chain model DYNACON Although mathematical models for both contaminative pathways have been established for considering all animal products and incorporated into the model, investigation was limited to milk. As a result, it was found that both pathways are influential in the contamination of milk in the case of an accidental release during the non-grazing period of dairy cows. In the case of an accidental release during the non-grazing period, the inhalation of air was more influential than the ingestion of soil in the early days following an accidental release. While, it was the opposite with the lapse of time. If precipitation is encountered during an accidental release, contaminative influence due to the ingestion of soil was greater compared with the cases of no precipitation, in general, because of a stealer deposition of radionuclides onto the ground. Precipitation during an accidental release was a less influential factor in $^{131}I$ (elemental iodine) contamination compared with the $^{137}Cs\;and\;^{90}Sr$ contaminations. In the case of an accidental release during the grazing period of dairy cows, the contaminative influence due to the inhalation of air was negligible.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.221-246
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• 2012

The study examines the effects that non-audit service and firm's ownership structure might have on the value relevance directly or indirectly. This investigation is based on prior research which suggests that the audit firms' non-audit services is likely to adversely affect investors' perceptions of the credibility of financial reporting and that corporate governance are likely to mitigate the adverse this kind of non-audit services effects. The sample consists of non-banking firms listed on the Korea Exchange that reported annual financial statements over the period from 2004 to 2008. In the setting, stock returns as proxy for capital market response, auditor quality(measured as the discretionary accruals) is endogenously determined. This study employs a structural equation model to take into account the endogenous variables under study. The analysis influences through the path analysis that ownership structure suppress the market response through audit quality and also the non-audit service have influence on the market response through audit quality. The results of this study contribute to the literature in the following ways. First, this provides direct evidence that there is a negative association between audit firms' client importance and the value relevance. Second, the findings that the negative association is attenuated for audit quality support the findings of prior studies which present that corporate governance provide higher credibility of financial reports.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.287-316
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• 2023

As global energy crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have emerged as social issues, there is a growing demand for companies to move away from profit-centric business models and embrace sustainable management that balances environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. ESG activities of companies vary across industries, and industry-specific weights are applied in ESG evaluations. Therefore, it is important to develop strategic management approaches that reflect the characteristics of each industry and the importance of each ESG factor. Additionally, with the stance of strengthened focus on ESG disclosures, specific guidelines are needed to identify and report on sustainable management activities of domestic companies. To understand corporate sustainability strategies, analyzing ESG reports and news articles by industry can help identify strategic characteristics in specific industries. However, each company has its own unique strategies and report structures, making it difficult to grasp detailed trends or action items. In our study, we analyzed ESG reports (2019-2021) and news articles (2019-2022) of six companies in the 'Finance,' 'Manufacturing,' and 'IT' sectors to examine the sustainability strategies of leading domestic ESG companies. Text mining techniques such as keyword frequency analysis and topic modeling were applied to identify industry-specific, ESG element-specific management strategies and issues. The analysis revealed that in the 'Finance' sector, customer-centric management strategies and efforts to promote an inclusive culture within and outside the company were prominent. Strategies addressing climate change, such as carbon neutrality and expanding green finance, were also emphasized. In the 'Manufacturing' sector, the focus was on creating sustainable communities through occupational health and safety issues, sustainable supply chain management, low-carbon technology development, and eco-friendly investments to achieve carbon neutrality. In the 'IT' sector, there was a tendency to focus on technological innovation and digital responsibility to enhance social value through technology. Furthermore, the key issues identified in the ESG factors were as follows: under the 'Environmental' element, issues such as greenhouse gas and carbon emission management, industry-specific eco-friendly activities, and green partnerships were identified. Under the 'Social' element, key issues included social contribution activities through stakeholder engagement, supporting the growth and coexistence of members and partner companies, and enhancing customer value through stable service provision. Under the 'Governance' element, key issues were identified as strengthening board independence through the appointment of outside directors, risk management and communication for sustainable growth, and establishing transparent governance structures. The exploration of the relationship between ESG disclosures in reports and ESG issues in news articles revealed that the sustainability strategies disclosed in reports were aligned with the issues related to ESG disclosed in news articles. However, there was a tendency to strengthen ESG activities for prevention and improvement after negative media coverage that could have a negative impact on corporate image. Additionally, environmental issues were mentioned more frequently in news articles compared to ESG reports, with environmental-related keywords being emphasized in the 'Finance' sector in the reports. Thus, ESG reports and news articles shared some similarities in content due to the sharing of information sources. However, the impact of media coverage influenced the emphasis on specific sustainability strategies, and the extent of mentioning environmental issues varied across documents. Based on our study, the following contributions were derived. From a practical perspective, companies need to consider their characteristics and establish sustainability strategies that align with their capabilities and situations. From an academic perspective, unlike previous studies on ESG strategies, we present a subdivided methodology through analysis considering the industry-specific characteristics of companies.