• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.514-523
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• 2021

Recently, the proliferation of mobile simple payment services has been increasingly affecting people's lives. In addition, the increase in research from both China and Korea shows that the continuous development of simple mobile payment services will be very important in the future. The blog posts mentioning Kakao Pay and Alipay were collected, and keyword analysis was performed to investigate differences in consumers' responses to Kakao Pay and Alipay on social media. The frequency of keywords for each part of speech and the frequency of co-occurred words mentioned in one sentence were analyzed. Specifically, common words that appear in both Kakao Pay and Alipay blogs were extracted. The cooccurred words were analyzed to examine how different reactions were made on the same subject. As a result of the analysis, there were concerns among consumers about the trust of Kakao Pay and Alipay's benefits. For a mobile payment service to become competitive, it is necessary to add various additional services or solve security problems.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.37
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• pp.159-195
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• 2013

A dispute between Zhu Xi(朱熹) and Lu Jiuyuan(陸九淵) is important on Neo-confucianism's development. The dispute causing from difference between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's Philosophy had effected Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's each school's philosophical dispute. From Song dynasty to Ming Dynasty's most philosophers continuous disputed about Same & Difference on Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's Philosophy, but did not appreciate it because of school's prejudice. On Qing dynasty, there appeared philosophers being free or less from school's prejudice. they looked at Same & Difference on Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's Philosophy objectively. One of them was Li Fu(李?) philosopher of Lu Jiuyuan & Wang Yangming's school. He wrote Zhuziwannianquanlun("朱子晩年全論") objective investigation of Same & Difference on Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's Philosophy and reaction of Zhu Xi's school criticizing Wang Yangming's Zhuxiwannianzhunglun. Li Fu was Philosopher Lu Jiuyuan & Wang Yangming's school, but objectively compared between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's philosophy, analysed same of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's philosophy and attempted philosophical agreement. Li Fu's this approaching is new interpretation and isn't uncritical admission from prejudice of Lu Jiuyuan & Wang Yangming's school.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.67
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• pp.69-104
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• 2017

This paper examines the aspect of the novel which appeared in the union of the male and female relationship of "OkSuki", one of the novels of the 19th century. "Oksuki" is a work focusing on the relationship between men and women. It takes a narrative structure based on the relationship. It shows various aspects of the relationship through the structure in which the pluralities of plural persons are repeated. Other events and illustrations, except for the talk, are both an occasion of the alliance and an auxiliary role. At the beginning of the work, the main character's parents are described in detail.By arranging the prophecies related to the relationship between the protagonist and the brothers, it suggests that subsequent narratives will flow into the center of the relationship. The male characters that make up the alliance are characteristically trained and have a good taste, and the Caines are colorfully colored. It is believed that the marriage pattern faithfully follows the medieval status order. The reason why the figure of the person who becomes his wife and the person of the concubine are set differently is because the image of the wife and the concubine are different from each other ideally. The characters who are going to be hungry are emphasized on the clause, efficacy, knowledge, and inner peace, and are actively involved in. On the other hand, conciliatory characters emphasize talent and craftsmanship, and their role is reduced after marriage. The wife is a person who has both Confucian culture and knowledge and is able to care for her husband and family well. Concultation is shaped as a person who can enjoy joyful life and emphasize more affection in relation with his wife.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2021

Learning efficiency can be maximized by careful matching of text features to expected reader features (i.e., linguistic and cognitive abilities, and background knowledge). The present study aims to explore whether this systematic principle is reflected in the development of science textbooks. The current study examined science textbook texts on 20 measures provided by Auto-Kohesion, a Korean language analysis tool. In addition to surface-level features (basic counts, word-related measures, syntactic complexity measures) which have been commonly used in previous text analysis studies, the present study included cohesion-related features as well (noun overlap ratios, connectives, pronouns). The main findings demonstrate that the surface measures (e.g., word and sentence length, word frequency) overall increased in complexity with grade levels, whereas the majority of the other measures, particularly cohesion-related measures, did not systematically vary across grade levels. The current results suggest that students of lower grades are expected to experience learning difficulties and lowered motivation due to the challenging texts. Textbooks are also not likely to be suitable for students of higher grades to develop the ability to process difficulty level texts required for higher education. The current study suggests that various text-related features including cohesion-related measures need to be carefully considered in the process of textbook development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.486-497
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to subdivide and present the units and the standards of knowledge integration in creating the students' integrated knowledge from content knowledge in college writing classes. For these, it analyzed three typical writing textbooks being used in colleges and examined the ways of presentation on forming integrated knowledge by text qualitative analysis methods. The analysis procedure and the presentation followed Creswell's spiral analysis model It is a method model which repeats the procedure from material collection and analysis to presentation circularly. This examination illustrates three dimensions of the units in forming content knowledge. Also, it suggested those should be all treated for the more systematic education: the units of the whole text, the paragraphs, and the sentences. In the next chapter, the standards and contents of knowledge integration were suggested in each process. For the process of knowledge selection, the suitability and the contradictoriness between the text materials and author's thesis were proposed as the standards and contents. For the process of organization and integration, the corresponsive integration, contradictive integration, background integration, synthetic integration were suggested. Finally the procedure knowledge such as correct expression and spelling, source indication were shown for the process of expression and citation. Furthermore, it showed, in terms of expression, the process of paraphrasing frequently practiced in writing textbooks needs to be exercised in the three dimensions including summarization, connection, and interpretation(or transformation). This result, however, calls for the further study about the subdividing processes to enhance the adequateness to writing textbooks in the level of universities and for a more refined syllabus on the systematic knowledge integration. Accordingly, it suggested the tasks mentioned above for further study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.567-578
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• 2022

In this study, we examine whether the description of the elementary science curriculum guide, the concept of evolution, and the beliefs of teachers affect the teaching practice in classes related to adaptation of elementary school teachers. First, we examined the alternative concept among the sentences described in the bio-adaptation-related unit of the 2009 Elementary Science Curriculum Teacher's Guide and identified the effects of this description on the teaching practice of elementary school teachers. Next, six elementary school teachers were classified according to the results of the evolutionary concept test paper and the evolutionary belief test paper, and based on the class recording data and interview data, whether there is a difference in teaching execution. As a result, it was confirmed that there were a total of 18 descriptions corresponding to the concept of evolutionary alternatives in the analysis of instruction descriptions, and that these descriptions influenced elementary school teachers' adaptation concepts and teaching practice. Next, the group with high and low levels of evolution differ in the areas of "recognition of importance in the unit, distinction between adaptation concepts in the general sense and adaptation concepts in the biological sense, errors in the class," and "recognition of evolutionary education needs in the elementary curriculum." This study is meaningful in that it qualitatively confirms the research on the evolution concept of elementary school teachers, which has been approached quantitatively, and in-depth, confirms how the description, evolution concepts, and evolutionary beliefs affect elementary school teachers' biological adaptation concepts.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-148
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare and analyze the number and characteristics of modeling problems in chapters related to function contents in International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) mathematics textbooks and Korean high school mathematics textbooks. This study implies how the textbooks contributed to the improvement of students' modeling competency. In this study, three textbooks from IBDP and all nine textbooks from the Korean 2015 revised curriculum were selected. All the problems in textbooks were classified into real-world problems and non-real-world problems. Problems classified as real-world problems were once again divided into word problems and modeling problems according to the need to set up mathematical models. Modeling problems were further categorized into standard applications and good modeling problems depending on whether all the necessary information was included in the problem-solving process. Among the 12 textbooks, the textbook with the most modeling problems was the IBDP textbook, 'Math: Applications and Interpretation', which accounted for 50.41% of modeling problems to the total number of problems. This textbook provided learners with significantly higher modeling opportunities than other IBDP and Korean textbooks, which had 2% and 9% modeling problem ratios. In all 12 textbooks, all problems classified as modeling problems appeared as standard applications, and there were no proper modeling problems. Among the six sub-competencies of mathematical modeling, 'mathematical analysis' and 'interpretation and evaluation of results' sub-competencies appeared the most with very similar number of modeling problems, followed by the 'mathematization'. It is expected that the results of this study will help compare the number and ratio of modeling problems in each textbook and provide a better understanding of which modeling sub-competencies appear to what extent in the modeling problems.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.251-278
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to obtain implications for mathematical education by analyzing how the multiplication and division of decimal numbers are presented in the elementary mathematics textbooks in Korea, Japan, Singapore, and Finland. Compared to the fact that students often have misconceptions about multiplication and division of decimal numbers, there have been not many comparative studies in recent elementary mathematics textbooks. For this study, we selected elementary mathematics textbooks those are widely used in Japan, Singapore, and Finland along with Korean elementary mathematics textbooks. We chose the textbooks because the students in the selected countries have scored high in international achievement studies such as TIMSS and PISA. The analysis was examined in terms of elementary mathematics curriculum related to multiplication and division of decimal numbers, introduction and content, real-life situations, use of visual models, and formalization methods of algorithms. As a result of the study, the mathematics curricula related to multiplication and division of decimal numbers includes estimation in Korea and Finland, while Japan and Singapore emphasize real-life connections more, and Finland completes the operations in secondary schools. The introduction and content are intensively provided in a short period of time or distributed in various grades and semesters. The real-life situations are presented in a simple sentence format in all countries, and the use of visual models or formalization of algorithms is linked to the operations of natural numbers in unit conversions. Suggestions were made for textbook development and teacher training programs.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

The need for improvement is raised due to limitations with environmental impact assessment, and the importance for data-based environmental impact assessment is increasing. In this study, data demand was derived by analyzing Agreed Terms and Conditions in the Water Environment field (Water Quality, Hydraulic & Hydrologic Conditions, and Marine Environment) of environmental impact assessment. Agreed Terms and Conditions on environmental impact assessment in the water environment field were classified and categorized by environmental impact assessment stage (addition to status survey, impact prediction and evaluation, establishment of reduction measures, post-environmental impact survey), and data demand for each type of consultation opinion was linked. As a result of the categorization of Agreed Terms and Conditions, it was classified into 18 types in the water quality, 15 types in the hydraulic & hydrologic conditions, and 17 types in the marine environment. As a result of linking data demand, the total number of data demand was 236 in the water quality, 98 in the hydraulic & hydrologic conditions, and 73 in the marine environment. The highest number of Agreed Terms and Conditions and data demands were found in the water quality for the evaluation item and establishment of reduction measures, specifically establishment of non-point source pollution reduction measures, for the stage. The numbers were judged to be linked to the relative importance of the items and the primary purpose of environmental impact assessment. The derivation of data demand through the analysis of Agreed Terms and Conditions in the environmental impact assessment can contribute to the advancement of the preparation of environmental impact assessment reports and is expected to increase data utilization by various decision-makers by establishing a systematic database.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chinese on the production of Korean rhythm. Korean and Chinese are typologically classified into different rhythmic categories; because of this, the phonological properties of Korean and Chinese are similar and different at the same time. As a result, Chinese can exert both positive and negative influences on the realization of Korean rhythm. To investigate the influence of the rhythm of the native language of L2 learners on their target language, we conducted an acoustic analysis using acoustic metrics like of the speech of 5 Korean native speakers and 10 advanced Chinese Korean learners. The analyzed material is a short paragraph of five sentences containing a variety of syllable structures. The results showed that KS and CS rhythms are similar in %V, VarcoV, and nPVI_S. However, CS, unlike KS, showed characteristics closer to those of a stress-timed language in the values of %V and VarcoV. There was also a significant difference in nPVI_V values. These results demonstrate a negative influence of the native language in the realization of Korean rhythm. This can be attributed to the fact that all vowels in Chinese sentence are not pronounced with the same emphasis due to neutral tone. In this sense, this study allowed us to observe influences of L1 on L2 production of rhythm.