• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2019

개비자나무[Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forbes) K. Koch]와 비자나무[Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc.]의 3년생 실생묘를 유리온실에 재배하면서 실험재료로 사용하였다. 실내의 광량을 측정하여 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정하였다. 광량을 제외한 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), 습도($55{\pm}3%$) 및 관수(1회/3일)주기를 일정하게 유지시킨 밀실에서 8주간 재배하였다. 유리온실에서 재배중인 식물과 광량별 처리구의 초장, 줄기직경, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽록소함량(SPAD) 및 광화학반응을 평가하였다. 개비자나무의 생육결과, 모든 광량조건에서 줄기직경과 엽록소함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 초장, 엽폭의 경우 대조구와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 스트레스지수(Fm/Fo), 최대양자수율(Fv/Fm) 및 광계II 성능지수(Pi_Abs)는 대조구에 비해 모든 광량에서 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 10 PPFD의 광량을 제외한 처리구에서 재배된 비자나무의 초장, 줄기직경, 엽장, 엽폭은 대조구와 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 한편, 엽수와 엽록소함량은 대조구에 비해 우수하였다. Fm/Fo, Fv/Fm, Pi_Abs 및 비광학적 에너지의 손실(DIo/RC)은 모든 광량처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 측정값을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 1985

A comparative anatomy between the secondary xylem in the root and stem of Korean Betulaceae, including 5 genera and 6 species, was carried out in this study. Anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem in the root and stem are as follows: Diameter of vessel and fiber is wider in the root than the stem, while the number of vessel and fiber per unit area is fewer in the root than the stem. The length of vessel element is longer in the stem than the root, whereas length of the fiber is longer in the root than the stem. Number of bar in the perforation plate is more in the stem than the root, and the angle of perforation plate is broader in the root than the stem. Number of ray per unit area is more in the root than the stem.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2007

Growth characteristics according to mixture ratio of used-rockwool in pot nursery, in Pinus densiflora, Torreya nucifera, Quercus acutissina and Fraxinus mandshurica nursery, was investigated. The used-rockwool on mixture ratio between used-rockwool and control (peatmoss: pearlite=1:1, v/v) were 0%, 30%, 50% and 70%. Flesh weight, dry weight and height of tree, in Pinus densiflora nursery, increased much more in 50% and 70% media but trunk diameter of tree had no difference according to mixture ratio. In Torreya nucifera nursery, flesh weight and height of tree in 70% medium and trunk diameter and numbers of shoot of tree in 50% and 70% media increased. Flesh weight, height and trunk diameter of tree, and chlorophyll (SPAD) and photosynthesis rate, in Quercus acutissina nursery, increased much more in 50% and 70% media, but dry weight of tree had only difference between non-mixed and mixed with rockwool. In Fraxinus mandshurica nursery, flesh weight and photosynthesis rate of tree increased much more in 70% medium, height, trunk diameter and total chlorophyll of tree had difference according to non-mixed and mixed with rockwool or had no only difference according to mixture ratio, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

This study was carried to investigate effects of optimum supply strengths of 'Sonneveld' nutrient solution on growth characteristics in container seedling of trees (Pinus densiflora, Torreya nucifera, Quercus acutissina and Fraxinus mandshurica) using developed media with used-rockwool. Flesh weight, height and trunk diameter in container seedling of Torreya nucifera were better in high strengths. In container seed ling of Torreya nucifera, flesh weight more increased in 1.5 and 3.0 strengths and hight and trunk diameter more increased in 1.5 strength than the rest. Flesh weight in container seedling of Quercus acutissina was heaviest in 2.0 strength and was lightest in 1.0 strength. Height and dry weight in 2.0 and 3.0 strengths and trunk diameter and total chlorophyll in 2.0 strength were better than in the rest. Besides photosynthesis rate was more high in 1.5 and 2.0 strengths than in the rest. In container seedling of Fraxinus mandshurica, flesh weight, height and trunk diameter more increased in 0.5 strength and total chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate were good in 0.5 and 2.0 strengths. Most growth characteristics were poor in 3.0 strength.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2000

Effects of the simulated acid rain on the growth response and the structural features were studied with the 3 month old seedlings of G. biloba and P. thunbergii treated with acid rain of pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.2, and 2.4. The diameter and area of tracheid cells in the transectioned stem of G. biloba decreased with acidity of simulated acid rain. The wall thickness of tracheid cells was the thinest at pH 2.4, but there was no different at other levels of pH. Increasing of the acidity, the height of tracheid cells were reduced steadily. The diameter and area of tracheid cells of the transectioned root reduced with decreasing pH of acid rain, but those at pH 3.2 were larger than those at control. The wall thickness and height of tracheid cells of root were gradually decreased with acidity of acid rain. The size variation of the fusiform cambial initials in the stem of G. biloba sections tangentially showed a shortening tendency with treatment of acid rain. The length of ray initials was the shortest at pH 2.4 and reduced with decreasing pH of acid rain. The diameter, area, wall thickness, and height of the tracheid cells in P. thunbergii stem and root decreased with decreasing pH of acid rain. The areas of the pith, cortex, and xylem in P. thunbergii treated with acid rain decreased, but the cortex and pith areas increased significantly after exposure to acid rain of pH 3.2 compared with control.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

Anatomical characteristics of volumetric composition, fiber length, vessel diameter, and crystalline properties of cellulose in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) planted in the reclaimed land of Buan-si, Korea were examined to understand the growth characteristics using a light microscopy and an X-ray diffraction method. The samples of kenaf were taken from six positions (3 cm, 35 cm, 70 cm, 105 cm, 280 cm, and 320 cm) of each stem over the growth period (July, August, September, and October) after seeding in the mid-May. In the kenaf stem, phloem constituted 10 to 15 %, xylem 66 to 82%, and pith 7 to 19%. The ray, bast fiber, and remainder comprised 50%, 20%, and 30% of the phloem, respectively. The volume of vessel, ray, and fiber in the xylem was approximately 10, 15, and 75%, respectively. The proportion of cell wall was 30.92% at the base of stem and 46.40% at the top of stem, respectively. The average length of bast fiber and xylem fiber was about 2.8 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively. Radial and tangential diameters of vessel increased with the increase of growth period, while they decreased with increasing the stem height. Relative crystallinity ranged from 70 to 79% in phloem and from 50 to 56% in xylem. Cellulose crystallite width was about 3 nm both in the phloem and xylem. Thus, the volumetric composition and cell dimensions in the phloem and xylem appeared to be varied with the growth period and the stem height.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.283-293
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• 1988

Anatomical features of the secondary xylem were described in the branches, stems, and roots of Salix glandulosa and Quercus variavilis. In Quercus variavilis, the stem shows ring-porous wood, while the root shows diffuse-porous wood. In both species, it is found that the boundaries between the growth rings are not well defined in the roots. Both vessel elements and fibers are the longest in the roots followed by the sterns and the branches in turn and diameter of vessel elements shows the same trend. In cross section, the number of vessels per unit area are the longest in the branches followed by the stems and the roots in turn as well. Perforation plates are simple in both species and their angles are wide in the root, intermediate in the stems, and narrow in the branches. In tangential section, height of rays is taller in the roots than in the stem and branches.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop allometric equations and stem density and biomass expansion factor for Pinus rigida stands in Muju region. The coefficient of determination of the allometric equations in independent variable (dbh) and dependent variable (biomass) was more than 95% with the exception of leaf (78%) and branch(83%). The total biomass was $102Mg\;ha^{-1}$ ($65.9 Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from stem wood, $9.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from stem bark, $19.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from branch and $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from leaf). Biomass distribution ratio of Pinus rigida stands showed the highest in stem wood with 64.6%, followed by the branch with 19.2%, stem bark with 9.3% and the leaf with 6.9%. The results indicated that the stem density $(g/cm^{3})$ and the biomass expansion factor were 0.453 and 1.344, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2007

A stem and root rot disease of English ivy (Hedera helix) was found in the flower market, Jeonju, Chonbuk province, Korea in May 2007. A Phytophthora species was isolated from the diseased part of the plant. Based on the mycological properties and pathogenesis the isolate was identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi. The fungus produce ovoid sporangium which was ovoid to spherical and obpyriform which is noncaducous, non-papillate and averaged $33.8{\times}16{\mu}m$ in dimension. Chlamydospores were abundantly produced on agar media and sized about $19.7{\mu}m$ in diameter. The fungus was heterothallic and A1 mating type. Oospores were measured $26.2{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was 25 to $30^{\circ}C$. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the stem rot on English ivy caused by P. cinnamomi in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2008

A stem and leaf rot disease of English ivy(Hedera helix) was found in the flower market, Jeonju, Chonbuk province, Korea in July 2007. A Phytophthora species was isolated from the diseased part of the plant. Based on the mycological properties and pathogenesis the isolate was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae. The fungus produce ovoid sporangium which was ovoid to spherical which is noncaducous, papillate and averaged $35.4{\times}25.2{\mu}m$ in dimension. Chlamydospores were abundantly produced on agar media and sized about 28.5 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. The fungus was heterothallic and A1 mating type. Oospores were measured 23.3 ${\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was 25 to $30^{\circ}C$. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the stem rot on English ivy caused by P. nicotianae in Korea.